Download BIOLOGY 1B - REVIEW FOR MIDTERM EXAM 1

Name: ____________________________________ Period: _________________ Date: ______________
BIOLOGY 1B - REVIEW FOR MIDTERM EXAM
1. Answer the following questions about the cell membrane (plasma membrane):
a. What is the cell membrane? _______________________________________________________
b. What does the cell membrane do? What is its purpose? _________________________________
c. Where is it located? _____________________________________________________________
d. Compare and contrast the cell membrane to the cell wall
2. Information to synthesize proteins is sent out from the ______________________ (command center) to
the __________________________ where protein synthesis then takes place.
3. What are monomers compared to polymers? How are simple sugars and amino acids similar to one
another?
4. What is the primary purpose of the mitochondria? If enzymes in this organelle were destroyed or
damaged, how would this affect the cell?
5. What is required for photosynthesis to occur? What is required for cellular respiration? How are these
two processes similar and how do they differ?
6. What is ATP and what do the cells use this for? How does this differ from ADP?
7. What are phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis?
8. What role in photosynthesis does chlorophyll play? Without this pigment what would the plant no longer
be able to do?
9. What organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells? What do these organelles do?
10. Which part of the molecule holds the energy waiting to be released?
11. After eating, an animal breaks down the food in a process known as _________________ and stores the
energy in ___________________________.
12. How do most autotrophs obtain their energy? Where does the energy originally come from?
13. How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ? What organelle(s) do they both contain?
14. Water is special because it is able to form __________________________. This property also causes
water to have a very high specific heat. What does this mean and how does this help marine life live
through the winter?
15. Answer the following questions about carbon:
a. What is an organic molecule? ___________________________________________________
b. How many valence electrons does carbon have? _____________________________________
c. How many bonds can carbon form and how does this make it very versatile? ______________
16. When repeating glucose monomer units come together to form a polymer like cellulose, what type of
reaction occurs to form the bonds between the glucose molecules?
17. What is cellulose and what is a phospholipid? How do these molecules help provide rigidity and
structural support in the cell?
18. What is a catalyst? What role does it play in a chemical reaction? How does it appear before and after
the reaction?
19. What is the purpose of the thylakoids in the plant cell?
20. Thoroughly compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. What do you both need / do?
21. What is the primary usable form of energy for all the cellular processes?
22. What is the purpose of the transmembrane barriers (channel proteins) in the cell membrane?
23. What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?
24. What is the golgi apparatus and how does it do what it does?
25. What is exocytosis? Does this require energy or not? How could this process benefit fish living in salty
water?
26. What do the following organelles do and where are they found (plant or animal)?
a. Mitochondria - _________________________________________________________________
b. Nucleus - _____________________________________________________________________
c. Ribosomes - ___________________________________________________________________
d. Chloroplasts - __________________________________________________________________
27. What is the photosynthesis reaction? How does this differ from the cellular respiration equation?
Where do each of these take place?
28. What is glycolysis (what is the reaction) and where does it take place?
29. Where do the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place?
30. What are the reactants of cellular respiration? What are the products?
31. Explain the process of osmosis and how it applies to the cell (think about a gummy bear). What is needed
for this transport to take place?
32. What element must be present for a molecule to be considered “organic”?
33. Where is the energy stored in the ATP molecule? What does ATP stand for?
34. How does an element become an ion? What needs to happen for it to become a positively charged ion?
What needs to happen for it to become negative?
35. Explain the arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. Where is each subatomic
particle located?
36. What is an isotope? What is different between isotopes of the same element?
37. What charge is a proton? Neutron? Electron?
38. What charge will each of the following have?
a. 8 protons, 8 neutrons, 10 electrons
b. 6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons
c. 11 protons, 11 neutrons, 10 electrons
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39. What distinguishes one type of element from another element?
40. What is the atomic number? What subatomic particles are included in this value?
41. What is the atomic mass? What subatomic particles are included in this value?
42. Name the three organelles shown below. What are the functions of each of the organelles?
43. What is an autotroph and what is a heterotroph? Provide an example of each.
44. Simple sugars, amino acids, and nucleic acids are all three monomers that come together to make larger
polymers. What is the polymer that each of these three make?