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SEMINAR ON RESULTS MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC SECTOR EXCELLENCE DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Session 6 Planning for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Measures Disaster Risk Management The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters, including reduction and adaptation. Disaster Risk Management Framework HAZARD EVENT/DISATER Source: Adapted from FAO. 2008. Disaster Risk Management Systems Analysis: A guide book. The Ties that Bind in DRM The exposure of ADB loans to disaster risk reflects the exposure of DMC development activities to disaster risk • Surface and Groundwater Resources • Economic and Social Infrastructure • Agriculture • Potable Water and Sanitation • Resettlement and Human Security • Community Development General Characteristics of DRM and CCA DRM/DRR Risk management approach Engineering and natural science basis plus humanitarian assistance Traditional focus on hazard event and exposure, and on technological solutions Shift from response & recovery to awareness and preparedness (DRR) Short-term perspective but increasingly longer term Local scale Often community based CCA Risk management approach Strong scientific basis – origin and culture in scientific theory Environmental science perspective Highly interdisciplinary Long-term perspective Global scale Often directed from the top down, but with dependence on local actions 5 Areas of Convergence CC adaptation specialists now being recruited from engineering, water/sanitation, agriculture, health & DRR sectors DRM increasingly forwardlooking Integration of scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge for DRM provides learning opportunities Existing climate variability is an entry point for CC adaptation CC adaptation gaining experience through practical local application DRM has a range of established & developing tools Increasing recognition that more adaptation tools are needed Climate-related disaster events are now more likely to be analyzed & debated with reference to climate change 6 Climate-Sensitive Health Outcomes Physical factors • Climate • Elevation • Natural resources (i.e. water bodies, soil moisture) Biological sensitivity • Concomitant diseases • Acquired immunity • Genetics Socioeconomic status Public health and health care systems Key Messages • Extreme weather risk is seen against the backdrop of rising natural disasters. • Varying understanding of hazards and risk brings opportunities to develop robust frameworks and applications. • Risk management of climate hazards is part of development, not an add-on or option. • CCA can build on existing DRM tools, DRM can use existing CCA approaches and both are applicable to the health sector. Disaster Risk Reduction The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and mange the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards lessened vulnerability of people and property and wise management of land and the environment (prevention and mitigation), and improved preparedness for adverse events (UN ISDR, 2009) What is Adaptation? • Adaptation, simply, is the response to climate change impacts, to minimize losses and take advantage of opportunities. • Adaptation can be spontaneous or planned. • To plan for adaptation, one must understand potential impacts of climate change and vulnerabilities, and their root causes. What is DRR? Interconnected actions to minimize disaster vulnerability by avoiding and limiting the impact of hazards in the context of sustainable development Overlap between DRR and Climate Change Adaptation Source: DFID. 2008. Convergence of Disaster Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Risk Reduction including Adaptation Strategies Levels of Intervention: • Institutional and technical strengthening • Structural adjustments • Land use planning, codes and use permits • Community-based climate risk reduction • Environmental management and ecosystem protection • Risk transfer • Retreat (i.e. migration) Disaster Risk Reduction Assessment Summary • What are the solutions which might address both current and future vulnerabilities? • What are the costs, benefits, risks and cobenefits of each option to the community, to the investment? • What are the preferred options in the context of the project? • Who should be involved in identifying options? Disaster Risk Reduction Examples • Drinking water – new/retrofitted community sources with sustainable provision • Water quality- community surface and ground water pollution controls • Food security – crop rotation with native species • Flooding and drought – improved water management for human consumption, agriculture, ecosystem function • Coastal erosion – stabilization, land use planning Important Lessons from ADB DRM Experiences for DRR and CCA 1. Strategies should be comprehensive. 2. Establish clear linkages between international agreements, national strategies, local actions, and partner support 3. Community consultations are invaluable, especially for livelihood and community infrastructure projects 4. Institutional capacity building in project design at the local government and community level is needed. Communication Cooperation Coordination Horizontal and vertical integration Methods for Assessing Vulnerability • Environmental and social assessments • Consultations with disaster prevention focal points • Community based consultations • Monitoring records of existing trends • Basis on current climate trends • Base on current challenges to ensure relevance and sustainability Key Components of a Results-Based Strategic Approach • Natural hazard including climate change hazard, vulnerability and risk assessments • Selection of intervention type – policy, investment, capacity • Selection of risk management option - financial, economic, physical • Core results attributes – planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation • Focus on common results • Interdependency – top down, bottom up and linked • Horizontal and vertical linkage – across agencies in all sectors at all administrative levels 17 The Key Indicator is the HFA Expected Outcome “The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries.” This indicator is: S M A R T specific measureable achievable relevant Time-bound 18 Identifying DRR Actions Action Focus • What can be done about the hazard, vulnerability or risk? • Who is the population or what built or natural environment is involved? • By whom? • What is the specific natural hazard involved? • Where? • When? • At what cost? • Who pays? • Who benefits? • What is the geographic setting involved? • What are the sectors involved? 19 Use of Risk Information Results-Based PSM Planning Budgeting Implementation Results Monitoring IDRM Policy, Investment and Capacity Interventions in order to address the needs of Risk assessments (financial, economic, physical) Evaluation Reducing risk (structural and non-structural) Where are the key points in each feature of the Framework to use information? Managing Residual Risk (passive and active) What is the information to be used ? 20 What are the DMCs’ experiences with planning for DRM and CCA? Vulnerable Elements and Natural Hazards Impacted Elements Floods Population Poor Children Women Elderly Sectors Education Health Transportation Water and Sanitation Geomorphologic Settings Coastal Areas High Mountain Valleys River Basins Plains and Steppes Typhoons Tsunami Natural Hazards Earthquakes Landslides Avalanches Drought 21 Thank you