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Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems • • • • Objectives: Describe Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws. Reduce a circuit to a single Thevenin equivalent circuit. Reduce a circuit to a single Norton equivalent circuit. Solve a circuit using the superposition theorem. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Laws 1. The algebraic sum of the voltage sources and voltage drops in a closed circuit must equal zero. 2. The algebraic sum of the current entering and leaving a point must equal zero. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Current Law “The algebraic sum of the current entering and leaving a point must equal zero.” This law is for parallel circuits and states that the total current is the sum of all of the branch currents. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Current Law The algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving a point must equal zero Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law “The algebraic sum of the voltage sources and voltage drops in a closed circuit must equal zero.” This law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit must equal the applied voltage. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law “The algebraic sum of the voltage sources and voltage drops in a closed circuit must equal zero.” This law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit must equal the applied voltage. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law The algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed loop must equal zero . Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Thevenin’s Theorem Thevenin’s theorem simplifies a circuit into an equivalent circuit which contains a single voltage source and series resister. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Thevenin’s Theorem The equivalent Thevenin Circuit consists of a single power source and single series resistor. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Norton’s Theorem Norton’s Theorem is used to reduce a circuit network into a simple current source and a single parallel resistance. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Norton’s Theorem Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Superposition Theorem Any branch of a circuit supplied by a multipower source can be determined by finding the current produced in that particular branch by each of the individual power sources acting alone. All other power sources must be replaced by a resistance equivalent to their internal resistances. The total current flow through the branch is the algebraic sum of the individual currents produced by each of the power sources. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Superposition Theorem Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Review: 1. Kirchhoff's Laws can be used to solve unknown values for circuits that contain more than one power source. 2. Thevenin’s theorem involves reducing a circuit network to a simple voltage source and series resistance. Unit 9 Kirchhoff's Law, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Superposition Theorems Review: 3. Norton’s theorem involves reducing a circuit network to a current source and parallel resistance. 4. The superposition theorem is used to find the current flow through any branch of a circuit containing more than one power source.