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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell
Objectives
I. Introduction to the Cell
A. Compare the designs of and images produced by a light microscope, a scanning electron
microscope, and a transmission electron microscope.
B. Distinguish between magnification and resolving power.
C. Define cell theory and briefly describe the discoveries that led to its development.
D. Explain why there are upper and lower limits to cell size.
E. Distinguish between the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
F. Explain why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells.
G. Compare the structures of plant and animal cells. Note the function of each cell part.
II. Organelles of the Endomembrane System
A. Describe the structure and functions of the:
1. nucleus,
2. endomembrane system, (smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulums, Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles).
III. Energy-Converting Organelles
A. Compare the structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
B. Compare the functionss of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
IV. The Cytoskeleton and Related Structures
A. Explain the the functions of the cytoskeleton.
B. Explain how the structure of cilia and flagella relate to their functions.
C. Cell Surfaces and Junctions
1. Compare the structures and functions of cell surfaces and intercellular junctions
of plant and animal cells.
V. Functional Categories of Organelles
A. Describe the four functional categories of eukaryotic organelles, noting which organelles
are in each group.
B. Describe the three fundamental features of all life forms on our planet.
anchoring junctions
cell theory
cell wall
cellular metabolism
central vacuole
chloroplasts
chromatin
chromosomes
cilia
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
electron microscope (EM)
endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Key Terms
eukaryotic cells
extracellular matrix
flagella
gap junctions
Golgi apparatus
light microscope (LM)
lysosome
magnification
mitochondria
nuclear envelope
nucleoid region
nucleolus
nucleus
organelles
plasma membrane
plasmodesmata
prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic flagella
ribosomes
rough ER (RER)
scanning electron
microscope (SEM)
smooth ER (SER)
tight junctions
transmission electron
microscope (TEM)
transport vesicle
vacuoles
vesicles