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Download 1914-1918 Militarism Germany becomes aggressive Seven Weeks
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2/11/2011 1914-1918 Militarism Germany becomes aggressive Seven Weeks War (1866) Prussia defeats Austria to dominate Germanic States St t Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871) Germanic states unite under King Wilhelm I and his Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck Germany easily defeats Napoleon III and France Buildup of Armies and Navies by all of Europe French conscription increased to a 3 year commitment from 2 Creation of War Colleges all over Europe Increased I d sizes i off artillery till “Big Bertha” Shot a 1800lbs shell German and British Naval buildup 69 new “dreadnaughts” built in ten years before war 1 2/11/2011 Alliance system Triple Alliance (central powers 1882) Austria-Hungary Germany Italy (left in 1915) Ottoman Empire Triple entente (allies 1907) France Great Britain Russia United States (1917) Imperialism Conflict over African colonies Berlin Conference of 1884 Nationalism Creation of Italy Victor Emmanuel is proclaimed monarch 1861 Creation of Germany Under Prussian leadership in 1871 Wilhelm II leader during WWI Breakup of Ottoman Empire Egypt independence in 1801 Greek independence in 1832 Syrian independence in 1840 Pan-Slavic movement in 1878 Breakup of Austria-Hungary Lost control over Italy 1861 Lost Seven Weeks War 1866 Dual Monarchy in 1867 2 2/11/2011 Formation of Triple Alliance Serbian Nationalism Part of Pan-Slavic Movement to break away from Ottoman Empire Assassination of Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip while on a formal visit to Sarajevo. Princip shot Ferdinand at point blank range while the Arch-Duke was travelling in his car Princip was a part of Black Hand The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia Schlieffen Plan plan of the Germans to attack France quickly so they could focus on the Russians Aug. 1914 Germany invades Belgium to get to France Aug. 1914 Tannenberg Forrest Destruction of an entire Russian army Sep. 1914 1st Battle of the Marne Will establish first trench lines around Paris and Verdun Ends any chance of a quick victory for the Germans Oct. 1914 1st Battle of Ypres British kept Germany away from Dutch naval ports Creation of another line of trench warfare Feb. 1915 Opening p g of Gallipoli p Front Plan created by 1st Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill British invasion of Turkey Apr. 1915 2nd Battle of Ypres First use of Poison Gas by Germans on the French Algerians 3 2/11/2011 Dec. 1915 Evacuation of Gallipoli British no longer attempt to invade Turkey May 1916 Battle of Jutland Largest g Naval Battle of WWI Britain remains in control of the waters around Europe Jul. 1916 Battle of the Somme Holds the one day record for casualties for a single army British lost 58,000 in one day Jul 1917 Arab Revolt T.E. Lawrence a British soldier lead the revolt Nov. 1917 Battle of Cambrai First use of the Tank in warfare Spectacular British victory Nov. 1917 Bolshevik Revolution Communist government in Russia under Lenin Lenin takes Russia out of the war Dec. 1917 Fall of Jerusalem British take Jerusalem and control the Middle East Jun. 1918 Battle of Chateau Thierry First major j American Victory y Jul. 1918 2nd Battle of the Marne German disaster that leads to the Germans surrendering 4 2/11/2011 Machine gun nests snipers No man’s land Land between the trenches Barbed wire Shelling by artillery Living in trenches Lice, frogs, rats Trench foot Trench cycle 70 days on, 120 days in reserve Air war Observation Find trenches to set up artillery German use of Zeppelins French and British used planes Fighters Biplanes and tri-planes armed with machine guns Germany’s Red Barron most famous German pilot Eddie Rickenbacker was America’s top ace Bombers German Zeppelins dropped bombs on London All countries used planes to drop bombs on the trenches Poison Gas Used to clear trenches before an offensive Gas mask technology by 1918 made gas attacks ineffective Tank Successfully broke the stalemate of trench warfare for the allies Submarine German U-boat Germany’s attempt to take Great Britain out of the war through stopping all aid from reaching the British Isle At first successful, but by 1917 convoy tactics made U-boats ineffective 5 2/11/2011 Trade with Great Britain ultimately puts the U.S. on the side of the allies Sinking of the Lusitania U-boat activity y against g the U.S. made the U.S. g get involved militarily Germany knew it could not fight France, Britain, and the U.S. combined Reduction in unemployment worldwide during the war America gets rich selling to both sides, but mainly y to allies Total War The economies of European countries stop manufacturing everything but war materials Civilians become targets during war Most European economies ruined by end of war Wilson’s 14-point plan His plan was used except Wilson did not want Germany to pay reparations The Big Four David Lloyd George Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando Georges Clemenceau 6 2/11/2011 Germany pays war damages Causes economic collapse of Germany German people want revenge for unfair peace treaty Leads to Nazism Creation of buffer states satisfy the demands for self-determination by ethnic nationalities Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Poland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Austria-Hungary looses more territory than any other central power League of Nations Ap political body y created after the war to help p keep p peace America refused to join Leads to its failure 7
