Download Ch 16-18 Test - Review

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Date ________________________
Period ______
Chapters 16-18 Test Review
Ch 16 - Economic & Social Welfare Policymaking
1.
_________________ is best understood as the rate at which prices for goods and services increase.
2.
______________________________________ is best understood as the percentage of Americans seeking
work who are unable to find it
3.
What federal program is designed to provide medical insurance for the very poor in the US?
4.
__________________ economics states that the government should not intervene in the economy.
5.
__________________ economic policy states that the government should only stimulate the economy when
it is lagging.
6.
What is the source of money in the Social Security Trust Fund?
7a.
Describe Social Security.
7b. How does it makes payments?
8.
A(n) ______________________ program is a government program that provides benefits only to
individuals who qualify based on specific needs.
9.
A(n) _____________________ program is a government program that provides benefits to qualified citizens
regardless of need.
10.
______________________ is an economic theory holding that the supply of money is the key to a nation’s
economic health and that too much cash and credit in circulation produces inflation.
11.
What is one of the biggest concerns surrounding the Social Security Trust Fund?
12. In inflationary periods, monetary policy dictates that the Federal Reserve should _________ interest rates.
(raise or lower?)
13.
The consumer price index measures __________________.
14.
What type of federal program is Medicaid?
15.
Which type of program is Medicare?
16.
Define unemployment rate.
17.
Which entities is responsible for influencing interest rates in the US?
18.
Which entities is primarily responsible for making monetary policy in the US?
19.
The main purpose of monetary policy is to control the supply of ___________ and ____________.
20.
A main goal of fiscal policy is to use __________ and ______________ spending to help stimulate or slow
down the economy.
21.
What distinguishes a means-tested program from a social insurance program?
22.
What did the Social Security Act of 1935 create?
23.
What did the welfare reform law of 1996 implement?
24.
Which demographic group has the highest poverty rate?
25.
Which demographic group has the lowest poverty rate?
26.
A ___________________ tax is one by which the government takes a greater share of the income of the rich
than of the poor.
27.
If the Federal Reserve Board wanted to slow the rate of economic growth, it would most likely
____________________ interest rates.
(increase or decrease?)
28.
A __________________ tax is one in which the burden falls relatively more heavily on low-income groups
than on wealthy taxpayers.
29.
_________________________________ are cash or in-kind benefits such as food stamps and low-interest
college loans that are given by the government directly to individuals.
30.
Increasing inequality in the distribution of income can contribute to a situation known as
____________________ __________________, which is becoming more common in America.
31.
U.S. monetary policy involves ___________ ____________ and the ___________ ____________.
32.
True or False - Presidential election outcomes are heavily influenced by the health of the economy.
33.
Describe paid parental leave for a two-parent family in the United States compared to other countries.
Why is this a problem?
34.
If the Federal Reserve Board wanted to curb inflation, it would most likely _________ interest rates
(raise or lower?)
35.
According to laissez-faire economic theory, what should the government do during an economic downturn?
36.
In an economic slowdown, Keynesian economic policy would advocate ________________ government
spending.
(increasing or decreasing?)
37.
Upon taking office in 2009, President Obama advocated _________________________________
_____________________________________________ in order to deal with the economic crisis?
38.
When it comes to strengthening the economy, Republicans are more likely than Democrats to prioritize
________________ inflation.
39.
The cost of groceries is increasing would indicate that the economy is experiencing ____________?
40.
Increased spending by Congress for roads, bridges, and other infrastructure is most consistent with the
economic philosophy of __________________________?
41.
Soaring prices for ____________ has been the biggest contributor to recent bouts of inflation?
42.
_____________________________________ is the term that most accurately describes the recent
(beginning in 2008) financial crisis in the US?
43.
If you support _____________________ economic policies, you would generally favor a reduction in the
amount of economic regulation by the federal government.
44.
If the Fed were to have raised interest rates in the months leading up to the 2012 presidential election, what
might have been the expected outcome?
45.
The Federal Reserve Board buying government bonds is an example of ________________ policy.
46.
What is one of the problems with using official poverty counts?
47.
____________________ tend to support supply-side economics.
(Republicans or Democrats?)
48.
True or False? To lower interest rates, the Federal Reserve Board can spur economic growth by increasing the
available money supply.
49.
How accurate were President Obama’s predictions of the impact of the 2009 stimulus plan?
EXPLAIN! ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
50.
Soon there will be too few ______________ contributing to the Social Security Trust Fund to support the
increasing number of _________________.
51.
How does American social welfare policy compare to those of European democracies?
(compare taxes and benefits)
52.
True or False? The growth in social welfare spending for programs like Social Security and healthcare is causing
the scope of government to increase.
53.
Increase the minimum retirement age is a possible solution to the long-term problem of ________________
in the Social Security program.
54.
If you subscribe to Keynesian economic policies, you are most concerned with ________________.
55.
To what does the textbook attribute the declining poverty rate among the elderly?
56.
The unpopularity of welfare programs in the United States is due to the fact that many Americans believe that
access to welfare benefits contributes to the flood of ___________________________.
Ch 17 - Understanding Health Care,
Environmental, and Energy Policy
1.
One provision of the Affordable Care Act is that children must be allowed to remain on their parents’
insurance until the age of ______.
2.
Americans spend ______________________ on health care each year.
3.
Medicare is a program that provides health care for _____________.
4.
What proportion of Americans have private health insurance (either through an employer or purchased individually)?
5.
Who was the first president to propose a national health insurance program to be run by the government?
6.
Those _____ or older typically qualifies for Medicare.
7.
Medicaid is aimed at what group of people?
8.
In what year did Congress pass Medicare?
9.
Describe the Republican reaction to the passage of the Affordable Care Act?
10.
The Affordable Care Act requires ____________________________ to have health insurance.
11.
Total health care spending in the United States is about ________% of GDP.
12.
One of the primary obstacles to balancing the federal budget is _______________________ costs.
13.
How does life expectancy in the United States compare to other developed nations?
14.
What is the largest federal independent regulatory agency?
15.
Which piece of legislation first required agencies to file environmental impact statements?
16.
Why were Americans skeptical of Barack Obama’s proposals to reform health care?
17.
True or False? The United States has the highest life expectancy and one of the lowest infant mortality rates of
all the countries in the world.
18.
A fee-for-service health insurance policy is most likely to create an incentive for doctors to provide
______________________ procedures?
19.
The Children’s Health Insurance Program targets children whose families cannot afford ______________
insurance but cannot qualify for ______________.
20.
Which piece of legislation is credited with dramatically increasing the water quality in U.S. lakes and rivers?
21.
Medicare provides health care to the ___________ while Medicaid provides health care to the ___________.
22.
How does the health care system in the United States compare to other democracies in The West?
23.
In recent years, the government has limited Medicare costs by reducing the fees it pays to ______________
and ______________.
24.
What is the Superfund?
25.
What is America’s most abundant fuel?
26.
What is the most rapidly increasing component of the federal budget?
27.
What is the name for networks of health care providers that directly provide all or most of a person’s health
care for a yearly fee?
28.
In which war did health insurance become linked to employment?
29.
What is the most expensive single component of the health care system?
30.
What is NIMBY?
31.
To which policy area does NIMBY usually apply?
32.
How can U.S. dependence on foreign oil negatively impact us in terms of foreign policy?
33.
Health care policy in the United States tends to favor the elderly because ________ is a very powerful lobby.
34.
What is an argument for why regulations designed to protect manatees should be relaxed?
35.
Which complaint is most directly addressed by the Affordable Care Act?
36.
Which age group in the U.S. is least likely to have health insurance?
37.
Why might this be true? (give at least two possible reasons)
38.
Hydraulic fracturing is used to release and capture petroleum and natural gas from the underground rock
layer. What is the controversy over it???
39.
Why does the US rely more heavily on expensive, high-tech medical treatments as compared to the UK?
40.
What argument is most often given by opponents of strong air and water pollution controls?
41.
An environmental impact statement is a statement prepared by federal agencies detailing ________________
_____________________________________________________ of a policy proposed by the government.
42.
True or False? A provision of the Affordable Care Act states that health insurance companies are prohibited
from discriminating against people with preexisting conditions.
43.
What is an argument in favor of having national health insurance in the United States?
44.
What are the reasons universal health care was not adopted in the United States when it was first proposed
more than 60 years ago?
45.
Describes how cap-and-trade is a market-based solution for dealing with carbon dioxide emissions.
Ch 18 - National Security Policymaking
1.
The war in Iraq began under President __________ and ended under President __________.
2.
One of the primary purposes of the war in Afghanistan was to remove the _____________ regime.
3.
During which war did U.S. military spending comprise the highest percentage of total spending?
4.
What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense?
5.
Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
6.
Who is the president’s chief adviser on intelligence matters?
7.
Which international organization is composed of nearly 200 member nations and was created after
WWII for peacekeeping and other functions?
8.
True or False? Americans greatly overestimate the amount that is spent on foreign aid.
9.
What constrained Pakistan’s efforts to fight terrorists who have emerged in some areas of Pakistan?
10.
Which countries are the five permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?
11.
Which countries are members of NATO?
12.
Who won the Vietnam War?
13.
Who instituted the Marshall Plan?
(…but didn’t exactly end and instead morphed into the current issue with ISIS...)
Why?
Who, specifically, benefited from it directly?
14.
What event marked the end of the Cold War?
15.
Which tactic has Al Qaeda used effectively?
16.
What was Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative envisioned to accomplish?
17.
What was the foreign policy of containment designed to prevent?
18.
What is NATO?
Why was NATO formed?
19.
Who is the main force behind U.S. foreign policy?
20.
The United States engaged in which wars in order to fight against communist forces?
21.
Describes the arms race of the Cold War.
22.
Describes the United Nations?
In what year was it created?
For what was it created?
In your opinion, has it been successful???
WHY???
23.
Diplomacy is a responsibility of the which department?
24.
What is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?
25.
Which of the following best describes the world’s hegemonies since the end of World War II?
1945-1991 –
1991-present –
26.
Which of the following was a fundamental part of the justification for the 2003 war in Iraq?
27.
Which country was most opposed to the policy of containment?
28.
Define soft power.
What is an advantage of using soft power to achieve foreign policy objectives?
29.
Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to ____________________.
30.
The National Security Council is composed of a broad array of the president’s foreign policy
advisers including:
the secretary of ________________
the secretary of ___________
the chair of the Joint Chiefs of ____________
the director of national _____________________
31.
The National ________________ ________________ engages in global surveillance operations
that were unmasked by Edward Snowden in 2013.
32.
How are tourists most likely to benefit international relations by building ________________
between countries.
33.
_________________________ helps to explain why a country’s economy may be negatively
affected by an economic crisis in another country.
34.
Define isolationism.
35.
Describe the conflict that has sometimes existed between the National Security Council (NSC) and
others within the national security establishment?
36.
What can Congress do to influence foreign policy if it is not satisfied with the way the president has
handled foreign policy?
37.
Negotiation is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy because _______________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
38.
What is an example of a situation in which economic sanctions accomplished the intended goal?
39.
What could result from a balance-of-trade deficit?
40.
What is a reason why the US is considered to be predominant in terms of military capabilities?
41.
The Secretary of State is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S. _____________ policy.
(foreign or domestic?)
42.
The president most likely to consult with the _____________________________ for advice about
how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a
military operation?
43.
During the height of the Cold War, what would the US likely have done if it had discovered that the
Soviet Union had previously unknown stockpiles of nuclear weapons?
44.
True or False - The CIA has sometimes become involved in other nations’ internal affairs.
45.
U.S. foreign policy in Iran and North Korea been similar for much of the past decade because it has
been largely driven by concerns over _______________ _______________
46.
Terrorism is often designed to ______________________ and frighten the general public.
47.
How did the Cold War begin?
48.
Why did the United States join the North American Free Trade Agreement?
49.
Why have multinational corporations become forces to be reckoned with in nearly all nations?
50.
Why has the US tried to deal with the threat from Iran with diplomacy, rather than military options?
51.
In 2004, Congress created a director of national intelligence. Why did Congress do this?