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WELSH JOINT EDUCATION COMMITTEE
CYD-BWYLLGOR ADDYSG CYMRU
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced
Tystysgrif Addysg Gyffredinol
Uwch Gyfrannol/Uwch
314/01
BIOLOGY (MODULAR)
MODULE BI4
A.M. TUESDAY, 29 January 2002
(1 hour 40 minutes)
For Examiner’s Use Only
Total
Marks
Centre Number
Candidate’s Name (in full)
Candidate’s Examination Number
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your centre number, name and candidate number in the spaces provided above.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers.
The quality of written communication will affect the awarding of marks.
No certificate will be awarded to a candidate detected in any unfair practice during the
examination.
CJ*(0006/7)
2
1.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Answer the following questions (a) to (c) in the space provided.
(a)
Give the definition of a parasite.
[1]
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(b)
Name the biochemical process by which ethanol is produced.
[1]
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(c)
How is Salmonella transmitted from host to host?
[1]
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(Total 3 marks)
3
2.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
The apparatus below can be used to study mineral nutrition in flowering plants.
experimental plant
stream of air
cork and cotton
wool support
nutrient solution
containing mineral ions
black paper cover
(a)
Suggest and explain the function of each of the following:
(i)
the stream of air;
[2]
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(ii)
the exclusion of light with the black paper cover.
[2]
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(b)
The solution contains inorganic nutrients including nitrogen and magnesium. Complete the
table to describe why each of these nutrients is essential to the plant.
[4]
Inorganic nutrient
Metabolic function
Symptom of deficiency
Nitrogen
Magnesium
(Total 8 marks)
Turn over.
4
3.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Study the diagram of an influenza virus and read the passage.
Haemagglutinin
protein which helps virus
to bind to cell surfaces
Neuraminidase
protein which helps virus
to cross the cell membrane
lipid envelope
RNA
genetic material of virus
Polymerase
protein which helps to synthesise RNA
Nucleoprotein
protein important for reproduction
The influenza virus is an RNA virus of the myxovirus group. It is a parasitic microorganism that
causes an infectious disease with a combination of symptoms commonly referred to as ‘flu’. Its
mode of transmission is by droplet infection.
The virus occurs in three immunologically distinct varieties, influenza types A, B and C, each of
which is subdivided into numerous distinct strains.
Influenza is endemic in most communities and is characterised by regular large-scale epidemics.
Only influenza type A causes serious epidemics, resulting from mutations brought about by
changes in its surface antigens.
The major surface antigens are a haemagglutinin protein, important in binding the virions to the
cells they infect, and an enzyme called neuraminidase which helps the virus to penetrate cell
membranes.
Use the information in the passage and the diagram, together with your own knowledge to answer
the questions below.
(a)
Give definitions for the terms used in the passage:
(i)
endemic;
[1]
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(ii)
epidemic;
[1]
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(iii)
infectious.
[1]
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5
(b)
How is the influenza virus spread?
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
[1]
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(c)
Influenza vaccines may be made from parts of viruses. Give one part of the virus that would
be suitable for making a vaccine. Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
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(d)
Using the information provided state how an influenza virus may attack and enter a host
cell.
[2]
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(e)
In order to provide protection against influenza, it is necessary to vaccinate people with a
different vaccine each year. Suggest an explanation for this.
[2]
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(Total 10 marks)
Turn over.
6
4.
The diagram shows a villus from the small intestine.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
7
(a)
(i)
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Give the names of structures A, B and C and complete the table.
Structure
Name
A
[4]
Secretion
mucus
B
C
(ii)
alkaline mucus
Give two functions of the mucus secretions.
[2]
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(b)
Apart from its length, state two other ways in which the surface area of the small intestine is
increased.
[2]
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(c)
Identify structures X and Y and state what is absorbed in each case.
X
[4]
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Y
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
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(Total 12 marks)
Turn over.
8
(a)
The statements in the table refer to the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis.
If the statement is correct for the process, place a tick (✓) in the appropriate box.
[5]
Light-dependent
reaction
Statement
Light-independent
reaction
oxygen produced
carbon dioxide fixed
produces ATP
uses reduced NADP
occurs in stroma
(b)
The individual steps in the path of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis were investigated by
Calvin using the unicellular green alga, Chlorella.
He illuminated a suspension of the algal cells and allowed them to photosynthesise for a
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certain period of time in the presence of radioactive carbon dioxide, CO2.
At various intervals, shown in the diagram below, a sample of the suspension of algae was
run into hot ethanol and the radioactive compounds that had formed were extracted and
separated by paper chromatography.
The diagram shows where the radioactive molecules had accumulated on the
chromatograms.
High concentrations of radioactive molecules show darker areas than low concentrations.
Name of radioactive
compound.
Distance travelled
5.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate (C3)
glycerate - 3 - phosphate (C )
3
ribulose bisphosphate (C5)
and hexose diphosphate (C6)
1 – 5 seconds
5 – 30 seconds
Time
1 – 5 minutes
9
(i)
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Suggest why the suspension was run into hot ethanol.
[1]
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(ii)
14
12
Suggest one biologically important similarity between CO2 and CO2.
[1]
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(iii)
With reference to the diagram state three conclusions that can be drawn from the
appearance of the sequence of the compounds.
[3]
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(Total 10 marks)
Turn over.
10
6.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Graph A shows the growth of the yeast, Saccharomyces, and the yield of its product, ethanol.
Graph A
Mass of yeast/g dm–3 of medium
–3
Yield of ethanol/g 100 cm of medium
7
Yeast
6
5
4
Ethanol
3
2
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Time/hours
(a)
(i)
Calculate the mean production of yeast cells between 2 and 10 hours.
–3
Show your working and give your answer in g/dm produced per hour.
Answer
(ii)
....................................................
[2]
g/dm–3
Give two possible reasons for the change in the multiplication of cells between 12-14
hours.
[2]
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(iii)
Describe fully the relationship between the growth of the yeast and the yield of
ethanol.
[3]
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(iv)
What could be done at 10 hours to increase the growth rate?
[1]
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11
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Graph B shows the growth of the fungus, Penicillium, and the yield of its product, the
antibiotic penicillin.
10
Graph B
Penicillin
Mass of fungus/g kg–1 of medium
–3
Yield of penicillin/unit cm of medium
9
8
7
6
5
Fungus
4
3
2
1
0
(b)
20
40
60
80 100
Time/hours
120
140
160
State three ways in which the pattern of accumulation of the fungus and penicillin in
Graph B differs from the pattern of accumulation of yeast and ethanol in Graph A.
[3]
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Turn over.
12
(c)
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Suggest how the differences in the pattern of accumulation of the two products may be
related to their differing roles in the producer organism.
[3]
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(Total 14 marks)
7.
The simplified diagram shows the relationship between the main stages of respiration (X, Y
and Z) and the regions within the cell where they take place.
B
Stage
Y
NADH H
NAD
+
+
+
H
Stage
Z
H++
H
ADP
H+
A
ATP
Cell cytoplasm
Mitochondrial
membranes
Stage
X
ATP
13
(a)
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Name the:
(i)
region of the organelle labelled A in the diagram;
[1]
........................................................................................
(ii)
folded inner membrane labelled B;
[1]
........................................................................................
(iii)
stage of respiration labelled Y;
[1]
........................................................................................
(iv)
chemical compound which passes from stage X for use in stage Y.
[1]
........................................................................................
(b)
Hydrogen atoms picked up by the carrier NAD provide a source of protons and electrons.
Describe fully how these are involved in the generation of ATP.
[4]
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(Total 8 marks)
Turn over.
14
8.
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
Either,
Describe how the process of respiration releases chemical energy from a molecule of
glucose.
(Details of the electron transport chain and the proton pump mechanism are not
required.)
[10]
Or,
Define ‘immunity’ and distinguish between passive and active immunity.
[3]
Distinguish between humoral and cell mediated immunity.
[7]
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15
Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
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(Total 10 marks)