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Transcript
Pre-Visit Activities (1) The Location Of The Westmann Islands:Iceland lies on either side of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is one of the many major plate boundaries that divide the crust of the Earth into many crustal plates. . Plate boundaries are where deep faults run down through the rocks of the crust towards the Earth’s mantle. The molten magma rock that is present in the mantle is under great pressure and can sometimes make its way to the surface of the crust by rising up through these faults. When this happens, volcanic eruptions occur. Figure 2 Arctic Circle Figure 2 shows the Mid Atlantic Ridge passing down through the centre of Iceland. Notice how the Mid Atlantic Ridge splits into the Eastern Volcanic Zone and Western Volcanic Zone in the southern part of Iceland. Krafla Akureyri e rn ste Ea Westmann Islands e ic an lc Vo rn Hekla ste e W Reykjavík Zo n Zo Askja Vo lc ic an n Zo ne Grímsvötn Mid Atlantic Ridge Katla Atlantic Ocean The Westmann Islands are located on an extension of the _ _ _ T E R N Volcanic Zone that runs into and under the Atlantic Ocean. There is a magma chamber at between 10 – 30kms below the island group. It is from this magma chamber that the magma erupts. The Eastern Volcanic Zone is presently much more active than the Western Volcanic Zone. On average, a significant volcanic event can be expected every 5 years (will you be lucky?!). Notice the other famous Icelandic Volcanoes that lie within the Eastern Volcanic Zone. They are:K____ H____ G________ Figure 3 shows the Westmann Island archipelago. Notice the north east to south west trend of the islands. This corresponds to the route of the East Volcanic Zone. A____ K_____ Figure 3 Atlantic Ocean Heimaey Only the island of Heimaey is permanently inhabited. Its only settlement is called Vestmannaeyjar. Eldfell Helgafell In 1963 a new volcanic island joined the archipelago from beneath the Atlantic Ocean. This latest island is called Surtsey. Scale Surtsey 4 Rayburn Tours - Iceland Geography 0 5kms