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Transcript
Astronomy Learning Objectives and Study Questions for Chapter 13 1. Contrast where and how fusion is occurring inside a 1 solar mass star as it traverses the major "legs" of its evolutionary path on an H-R diagram (see Figures 12-1 and 123). 2. Predict what type of objects each of three isolated stars will become if, at the ends of their lives, their cores have masses of: 2.0, 1.2 and 5.5 solar masses, respectively. 3. Explain why the Sun will or will not ever become a nova. 4. Describe what spectral observation distinguishes a Type Ia from a Type II supernova, and briefly explain why the spectra of these objects are different. 5. Draw a neat, well labeled sketch of a rotating neutron star and explain how this object might be seen as a "pulsar". 6. Briefly describe the conditions that must be met if a neutron star is to behave as an X-ray burster. 1. As He and H-shell fusion cause a low-mass star like Sol to expand a second time, its outer atmosphere will waft off into space to create a/an _____. A. planetary nebula B. supernova C. nova D. neutron star E. black hole 2. Sol will never become a nova because it is _____. A. a population I star B. too cool C. too old D. not part of a binary system E. not sufficiently massive 3. Type Ia supernovae occur when white dwarfs in close binary systems accrete enough gas that their masses exceed _____ M. A. 0.08 B. 0.4 C. 1.4 D. 3 E. 25 4. Nuclear fusion fails to yield the energy needed to sustain a star once the core consists of _____. A. sulfur B. phosphorus C. oxygen D. silicon E. iron 5. As a massive star’s degenerate iron core collapses to nuclear density, core bounce creates a shock wave that blows the outer layers of the star apart as a _____. A. magnetar B. nova C. planetary nebula D. Type Ia supernova E. Type II supernova 6. When stars with initial masses between 8 and 25 M explode as supernovas, they leave behind stellar remnants with masses between 1.4 and 3 M called _____. A. white dwarves B. novas C. neutron stars D. black holes E. quarks 7. Pulsars are neutron stars that rotate rapidly and “flash” Earth with radio radiation when they _____. A. accrete gas from their companions B. point their magnetic axes towards us C. explode D. suffer “earthquakes” E. stop rotating 8. Above about 3 M not even neutron degeneracy can halt the collapse of a stellar core and it forms a _____. A. Type Ia supernova B. magnetar C. nova D. pulsar E. black hole 9. As a white dwarf, Sol will be a degenerate mass of carbon and oxygen about _____. A. the size of Jupiter B. the size of Earth C. 100 km across D. 10 km across E. 1 km across 10. Both pulsating X-ray sources and X-ray bursters are thought to be caused by neutron stars that _____. A. collide B. accrete mass from companions C. stop rotating D. cool completely E. suffer further core collapse