Download 8.9 Road to Civil War

8.9 Road to Civil War
Abolition
Early State Constitutions
Manumission
Northwest Ordinance
American Colonization Society
William Lloyd Garrison
John Quincy Adams
Frederick Douglas
Fugitive Slave Act
Underground Railroad
Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise
Wilmot Proviso
Free-Soil Party
Compromise of 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Brooks-Sumner Incident
New Republicans
Dred Scott Decision
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Harpers Ferry
Election of 1860
The Confederacy
States’ Rights Doctrine
Fort Sumter
Across
10. This novel, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, used extensive research of facts and documents to portray the horrific daily life of slavery, greatly
educating people in free parts of the nation about the reality of slavery.
17. In spite of the penalties dictated by the Fugitive Slave Act, many northern whites and free African Americans helped runaways from the South
escape by a system of safe houses and designated routes called this.
20. This first white Virginian large-scale antislavery effort tried to resettle African Americans in Africa and the Caribbean by purchasing them from
slaveholders and shipping them out of the states. After collecting funds from private donors, Congress and a few state legislatures, they purchased
land in West Africa and settled free African Americans there to form the nation of Liberia (“Place of Freedom”) in 1847.
25. Soon after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, proslavery groups rushed into Kansas to vote for a proslavery government, including armed
proslavery groups from Missouri, called border ruffians, who crossed the border and illegally voted in the Kansas polls just to tilt the vote towards
slavery. John Brown (self-appointed by God to end slavery) and his four sons led raids on slavery supporters, killing five; this and the ensuing
violence became known as this!
27. The antislavery members of the Whigs and the Democrats joined forces with the Free-Soilers and formed this new party, who quickly won
control of the House of Representatives and several state governments. The Democrats now became the party of the South and the slave states. The
political split on slavery was now almost completely North vs. South.
Down
1. Southerners justified their secession from the Union with this theory, arguing that states voluntarily chose to enter the Union with the
understanding that the federal government would protect the rights afforded to citizens by individual states or territories, specifically centering on
their right to own slaves.
2. Just months after the war with Mexico, Representative David Wilmot proposed a law that would prohibit slavery in any lands acquired from
Mexico. Senator John C. Calhoun countered with a proposal that no government had authority to ban or regulate slavery from a territory in any way.
Neither proposal passed into law, but they caused bitter debate.
3. With the goal of opening the West with a transcontinental railroad, Stephen A. Douglas proposed this act to create the territories of Kansas and
Nebraska. The new territories were above 36’60” and would have been free, according to the Missouri Compromise; so the plan repealed the old
compromise to get southern support, giving those who settled in Kansas and Nebraska the right to choose free or slave.
4. This reform movement called for the immediate and complete end to slavery in the United States. It started in the colonies before the Revolution,
was addressed at the Constitutional Convention allowing each state to decide, and continued with the education, temperance, and religious reform
movements of the 1800’s.
5. This Supreme Court decision by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney stated that property, such as the slave Dred Scott, could not sue for freedom because
he was not a citizen and had no rights. Furthermore, Taney wrote that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in any territory on the basis of the
Fifth Amendment that protects a person’s right to property. Taney’s decision meant that the Constitution protected slavery anywhere in the U.S.
6. The Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, won the presidency against Stephen A. Douglas in this election on the platform that slavery should
be left undisturbed where it existed, but excluded from new territories. The moderate stance on slavery was smart for attracting both anti and pro
slavery voters in the border states (Upper South) who just wanted to avoid the secession of the Southern states. Lincoln’s name did not even appear
on the ballots of most Southern states, and ironically they began to secede before Lincoln he was sworn-in as president.
7. As the Bleeding Kansas incident spilled over to the halls of the U.S. Congress, Charles Sumner lashed out against proslavery senators, especially
Andrew Butler of South Carolina, in a criticizing speech called, “The Crime Against Kansas.” Butler’s distant cousin, Representative Preston
Brooks, walked into the Senate chamber and beat Sumner unconscious with a cane.
8. All new states created these, basing their ideals on the Declaration of Independence and the main idea that all men are naturally entitled to liberty.
In 1774 Quakers in Pennsylvania organized the first American anti-slavery society and passed a law six years later to end slavery. The 1783 court
ruling on the Quock Walker case ended slavery in Massachusetts. Between 1783 and 1804, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New Jersey
outlawed slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination in the North.
9. Another of Clay’s proposals that had to be divided into individual proposals by Stephen A Douglas in order to pass Congress, called for five
solutions dealing with new states, slavery, and borders: 1) California would be admitted as a free state, 2) New Mexico would have no slavery
restrictions, 3) the New Mexico-Texas border dispute would favor New Mexico, 4) the slave trade would be abolished in D.C., and 5) there would be
a stronger fugitive slave law. Northern citizens were angry about advancing slavery and Southerners said it was the only way to preserve the Union.
11. Little known lawyer from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, challenged the long seated Illinois Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, for his seat and to a series
of debates, known as this, over the issue of slavery and the continued existence of the Union. Even though Lincoln lost the race for the Senate seat,
he gained political notoriety promoting the belief that slavery was wrong.
12. Also called Clay’s Proposal, this agreement allowed Missouri to become a slave state in 1819, only if Maine was admitted as a free state and
slavery was prohibited in the territory of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36’30”N Latitude.
13. Following the lead of South Carolina, the other states of the Deep South seceded and sent representatives to Montgomery, Alabama to form this,
or formally called the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis, Senator from Mississippi, as their president.
14. Financed by a group of abolitionists, John Brown led 18 whites and African Americans on a raid of the arsenal at this location in Virginia, with
the hopes of starting a nation-wide revolt against slavery. The raid ended in failure as then Colonel Robert E. Lee captured Brown, who was later
executed, leading to anger in the North and fear of more revolts in the South.
15. This escaped slave later returned and paid his prior master for his freedom (more as an insult), after teaching himself how to read and write, as
well as becoming one of the most notable African American abolitionists with his newspaper, the North Star.
16. This abolitionist was the first white to publicly call for the “immediate and complete emancipation of all enslaved people.” He founded his own
abolitionist newspaper in Boston in 1831, called the Liberator.
18. Due to neither the Whig candidate nor the Democratic candidate taking a stand for or against slavery in the 1848 election, anti-slavery Whigs and
Democrats formed this political party, calling for “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.”
19. This law marked the United States’ first attempt to stop the spread of slavery in newly acquired territories, stating, “There shall be neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude in the territory.” This ordinance created a single Northwest Territory, allowing settlers to petition for statehood once the
population reached 60,000.
21. This law was a Federal law written to enforce Article 4, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which required the return of runaway slaves.
It angered citizens of free states when updated in 1850, fining marshals $1,000 for not enforcing it and allowing the deputation of citizens in
capturing escapees.
22. This term is the freeing of individual enslaved persons, used in a Virginia state law as an increasing number of slaveholders began freeing slaves
they held after the Revolutionary War.
23. Most U.S. military forts in the southern states were immediately taken over by the CSA, except for this fort that was attacked by order of
Confederate President Jefferson Davis as Lincoln tried to send in an unarmed expedition with supplies. Lincoln never considered Southern secession
to be legitimate and stated that he would not start a war; Southern hostilities against this fort started the Civil War.
24. After serving as president, this man served in the House of Representatives battling slavery with his proposed constitutional amendments: 1st –
All children born on or after July 4, 1842 shall be free; 2nd – No new slave states shall be admitted to the union; 3rd – No slavery nor slave trade
shall be conducted in Washington D.C. They did not pass.
26. This term describes an exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of a country, highlighting the social and economic differences between the North
and the South, industry vs. agriculture, and freedom vs. slavery.