Download SN1 Question Paper Sum 2006

Centre
No.
Surname
Paper Reference
6 1 3 1
Candidate
No.
0 1
Initial(s)
Signature
Paper Reference(s)
6131/01
Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE
Team Leader’s use only
Biology (Salters-Nuffield)
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit Test 1
Monday 5 June 2006 – Morning
Time: 1 hour 15 minutes
Question Leave
Number Blank
1
2
3
4
5
Materials required for examination
Ruler
Items included with question papers
Nil
6
7
Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL SEVEN questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.
Information for Candidates
The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 60.
Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking into account your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
©2006 Edexcel Limited.
Printer’s Log. No.
N22419A
W850/R6131/57570 7/7/7/4/1800
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
1.
The diagram below shows part of a starch molecule.
(a) (i) Name the type of chemical reaction that joins monosaccharides together to form
a starch molecule.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name the type of chemical bond formed during this reaction.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) State what other molecule is produced in this reaction.
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(1)
(b) Starch and glycogen are both storage molecules in cells.
(i) Explain two ways in which the structure of these molecules makes them suitable
for their role as storage molecules.
1. ............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
2. ............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Describe one structural difference between starch and glycogen.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
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2.
The diagram below shows the fluid mosaic model of the cell surface membrane.
C
B
A
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C.
A ....................................................................................................................................
B ....................................................................................................................................
C ....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Suggest two properties that drugs should possess if they are to enter a cell rapidly.
1. ...................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Facilitated diffusion and active transport are two ways in which molecules are
transported across cell membranes. Describe one similarity and one difference
between facilitated diffusion and active transport.
(i) Similarity
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Difference
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
Q2
(Total 7 marks)
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3
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3.
Blood clots can form if the lining of an artery becomes damaged. One cause of a stroke
is a blood clot in an artery that supplies the brain with blood.
(a) (i) Describe the changes within the artery wall that can lead to a person suffering a
stroke.
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................................................................................................................................
(4)
(ii) Suggest two precautions a person could take to reduce their risk of suffering a
stroke.
1. ............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
2. ............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Complete the paragraph below which summarises the blood clotting process.
............................................. are cell fragments that stick to a site of damaged tissue.
............................................. is released from this area, which results in a plasma
protein called ............................................. being converted to thrombin. Thrombin
acts as an enzyme and catalyses the conversion of the soluble plasma
protein ............................................. into long, insoluble strands of the
protein .............................................. These strands form a mesh that
traps ............................................. to form a blood clot.
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
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Q3
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4.
The diagram below shows the pairing between two bases in a DNA molecule.
Thymine
CH3
H
H
N
C
N
C
C
N
C
N
H
N
C
O
H
C
N
C
C
C
N
H
Deoxyribose
O
H
Deoxyribose
(a) (i) Name the base which pairs with thymine.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name the base which replaces thymine in RNA.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Apart from other bases, name one chemical group present in DNA not shown on
the diagram.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Describe two structural features of DNA which give it the ability to replicate.
1. ...................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Give two differences between the processes of DNA replication and transcription.
1. ...................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
Q4
(Total 7 marks)
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5
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5.
Gel electrophoresis was used to analyse the DNA of a family with a child suffering from
cystic fibrosis. The diagram below shows the pedigree of the family and the results of the
electrophoresis.
Phenotype
unaffected male
1
2
unaffected female
female with
cystic fibrosis
3
4
Results of
DNA
analysis
3
1
2
4
(a) Using the symbols N and n, complete the diagram below to illustrate the inheritance
of cystic fibrosis in this family.
Parents’ genotype
____________
____________
____________
____________
son
daughter
Parents’ gametes
Childrens’ genotypes
(3)
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(b) Describe the procedures which could have been used to analyse the DNA of this
family.
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(4)
(c) The parents are expecting a third child. They are offered the choice of testing their
unborn child for cystic fibrosis.
(i) Name one method that could be used to obtain cells from the unborn child for
DNA analysis.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest one advantage to the parents of knowing whether the unborn child will
or will not suffer from cystic fibrosis.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
Q5
(Total 9 marks)
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7
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6.
Proteins are chains of amino acids and have a wide range of functions in living organisms.
(a) (i) The diagram below shows part of the general structure of two different amino
acids.
Complete the diagram to show how these two amino acids can be joined together.
H
R
N—C—
H
H
R
O
—C—C
H
OH
(1)
(ii) Name the bond that is formed between the two amino acids.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Explain how the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its
three-dimensional structure.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
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(2)
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(c) Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions within living organisms. The
graph below shows the effect of changing enzyme concentration on the rate of
reaction.
Rate of
reaction
X
Enzyme concentration
(i) Explain why increasing the enzyme concentration above point X on the graph
does not increase the rate of the reaction further.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Outline the practical procedures that could have been used to obtain the results
shown on the graph.
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(4)
Q6
(Total 10 marks)
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9
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7.
The diagrams below show the left side of the heart at two stages of the cardiac cycle.
X
Diagram A
Diagram B
(a) (i) Name structure X shown on the diagram.
X ............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name the part of the cardiac cycle illustrated by diagram B.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) With reference to structures shown on diagram B, describe and explain what
happens during this phase of the cardiac cycle.
................................................................................................................................
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(3)
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(b) Balloon angioplasty is regularly used to unblock coronary arteries that have been
affected by atherosclerosis. The procedure is shown in the diagram below.
Guiding catheter
Narrowed coronary artery
Balloon catheter with
uninflated balloon
Balloon catheter with
partially inflated balloon
Balloon catheter with
inflated balloon
Unblocked coronary artery
(i) Suggest why the patient may experience chest pain as a result of this partial
blocking of one of the coronary arteries.
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(3)
QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON PAGE 12
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(ii) Suggest why the walls of the artery return to their original position once the
balloon is removed.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Explain why doctors may advise a patient to try a balloon angioplasty in preference
to an operation such as a coronary bypass.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d) Suggest why atherosclerosis usually affects coronary arteries but not coronary veins.
.......................................................................................................................................
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(1)
(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS
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Q7