Download European Explorers

European Explorers
USI. 4a- The student will demonstrate knowledge of European exploration in North
America and West Africa by describing the motivations, obstacles, and accomplishments
of the Spanish, French, Portuguese, and English explorations.
USI 4b-The student will demonstrate knowledge of European exploration in North
America and West Africa by describing cultural interactions between Europeans and
American Indians that led to cooperation and conflict.
Materials
TeacherCards with Explorers Name
Student Research Sheet
Large Map of the Americas
Timeline in the Room
Background information on Explorers
StudentSomething to write with
Colored Pencils
Textbook
Procedures
Day 1
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Day 2
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Research
Have students draw an explorer from a container (some students may need
to double up-there are only 17 explorers)
Using the textbook, information from the library (in the classroom), and
teacher research (if needed) have the students fill in their Eur.opean
Explorer sheet.
After the sheet is completed (or for homework) have each student write a
verse about their explorer to the tune of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”
Put Explorer Research sheet on the right side of history notebook and
write song verse on the left side.
Share Information
Pass out the Timeline Information Slip and have the students illustrate the
top and put the information on the bottom
Have the students take turns sharing information on their explorer
Share the information including the Interesting Story
Show the area explored on a large Map (actually writing the name
one the map)
Put the information on the timeline.
•
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Day 3
•
•
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•
Share song verse.
If there is time, have all the students sing their verses in chronological
order.
Who Am I? (Closing Activity)
Pass out background information on all explorers
Ask the students to choose a partner or put them in partners using the
cards.
Have each student draw an explorer card and tape it on his/her partner’s
back.
Using the information sheet, each partner can ask yes and no questions to
try to determine which Explorer is on his/her back.
Assessment
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Check information on the research sheet.
Listen to verse of the song.
Make sure the placement of information on the map and timeline is correct.
Observe the “Who Am I?” activity.
Explorer
What
year did
he sail?
What
country
did he Sail
under?
Why did he sail?
Where did
(God, Gold, Glory) he land?
What were the results
of his trip?
European Explorers
Explorer /
Year They
Sailed /
Country
Sailed For
Where They
Where Headed
/ Where They
Landed
Why They
Went (God,
Gold, Glory)
Columbus /
1492 / Spain
China and India
/ San Salvador
(Caribbean)
Gold (spices)
and Glory (new
way to Asia)
Vespucci
(Amerigo) /
1503 / Spain
A “New World”
/ South America
and the
Caribbean
Glory (to find
“new land”)
Balboa /
1513 / Spain
The Pacific
Ocean / Panama
Glory (to find
the “vast ocean”
they heard
about)
Cortes / 1519
/ Spain
Mexico / Mexico Gold and Glory
What was important about
their trip?
He was the first European to
document the Americas. He
started the movement for
westward exploration.
The “new” land was named
after him.
First European to see the
Pacific Ocean and claimed
all the land the Pacific
Ocean touched for Spain.
He used Natives as slaves to
build ships in the Pacific
Ocean.
Destroyed Aztecs
Interesting / fun story about the explorer
On Columbus’s second voyage to Haiti in 1493 he demanded food,
gold, and spun cotton from the Haitians. When they did not comply he
would cut off their noses and ears.
While most explorers wanted to find wealth and a westward route to
Asia, Vespucci wanted to find new land. He sailed west in search for
“new land” four different times and wrote letters about his trips each
time. His letters about finding “new land” were read by Martin
Waldseemuller, a mapmaker, created a map for explorers to use and
named the “new land” the explorers were finding America after
Amerigo.
Balboa was the first European to set foot in the Pacific Ocean. He had
made King Ferdinand of Spain mad at him by kicking out the governor
of the colony Darién and taking it over himself. In 1513 to avoid
being arrested and tried for treason, Balboa sailed to Panama and
walked across to the Pacific Ocean where he claimed that all the land
that touched the ocean was property of Spain. The king forgave
Balboa, but years later in 1519 he was again accused of treason and
was beheaded for his crimes.
Aztecs believed he was the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy that said
the god Quetzalcoatl would return. The prophecy said Quetzalcoatl
would come from the east on the wings of giant white bird. The
prophecy also predicted a day that Quetzalcoatl would return. Since
Cortes came from the east on a ship with giant white sails on the exact
day the prophecy predicted the Aztecs thought he was the god
Quetzalcoatl.
De Narvaez /
1528 / Spain
Florida / Florida
Gold and Glory
First European to document
Florida. He was cruel
because he killed Natives
and stole their food.
De Vaca /
Florida and
1528 – 1536 / Texas / Florida
Spain
and Texas
Gold and God
He lived eight years with
Natives and would be the
first to protest the Spanish
treatment of Natives.
Pizarro /
1532 / Spain
South America /
Peru
Gold and Glory
Conquered Inca
De Soto /
1539 / Spain
Florida / Florida
Gold
First European to cross the
Mississippi River. He
attacked Native tribes and
was eventually killed by
them.
He was the captain of the expedition that Cabeza De Vaca was on.
When De Narvaez sailed to Florida he was meet with hostile Indians
and hurricanes that killed most of his crew. The pilot of his ship
became scared and sailed to the Spanish settlement in Mexico by
himself, leaving De Narvaez and his crew stranded. De Narvaez had
his men build five rafts to attempt to sail to Mexico, but a hurricane
shipwrecked three of them killing De Narvaez and blowing the other
two rafts, with De Vaca, to Texas.
He was a member of the Panfilo De Narvaez expedition to Florida.
After the Spanish expedition he was a part of was shipwrecked in
Texas De Vaca and the surviving members of the crew lived with the
local American Indians for eight years. They were accepted and feed
by the Indians, helping them survive. De Vaca became a trader and
medicine man. When De Vaca returned to Spain in 1537 he was the
first to speak out against the cruel treatment of the American Indians.
When Pizarro landed in Peru Atahualpa, the Chief of the Inca invited
him to a feast to make friends with him. Pizarro ambushed the feast,
captured Atahualpa, and held him for ransom. Atahualpa told Pizarro
he would fill the room he was being held captive in four times with
gold and twice with silver if Pizarro would let him go. Pizarro agreed
and Atahualpa and the Inca gave him the amount of gold and silver
promised. However, Pizarro strangled Atahualpa anyway and attacked
the Inca, causing the fall of their empire.
When De Soto “discovered” the Mississippi River he sailed down it
wearing nothing but clothes made from grass and mud, because of a
fire set by Indians that burned his camp days before.
Gold
Seven Cities of
Coronado /
1540 – 1542 / Gold / Rode on
horseback
Spain
through Arizona,
New Mexico,
Texas, and
Oklahoma
Da Gama /
1497 /
Portugal
India / India
Gold (spices)
Magellan /
Moluccas (The
God and Gold
1519 – 1522 / Spice Islands in
Portugal
the Philippines) /
Reached the
Philippines, and
sailed around the
world.
Cabot / 1497- Asia /
Newfoundland
1498 /
England
Gold (spices)
and Glory
(quicker
northern route)
Brought horses to the plains’
tribes, documented the
Grand Canyon, but killed
and conquered many Native
tribes while looking for gold.
He led an army across Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma in
search for gold and riches. He meets a Native he called “the Turk”
who told him of a wealthy city named Quivira. Quivira was actually a
very poor Native village with little wealth. The Turk led Coronado
into the desert hoping he and his army would die of starvation so the
Turk could escape from them. Coronado executed the Turk for lying,
and later found Quivira but was disappointed that there were no jewels
in the village.
Found an all water route to
Asia around the tip of
Africa, and started trade with
India. He made enemies in
Middle East by forcing India
to trade with him
First to sail around the world
When Da Gama reached India on his second voyage in 1502 he
attacked the city, killed innocent Muslims and Indians, and forced his
way into the local trading economy. This helped Portugal take control
of the East Indies later.
Gave England a claim to
land in the “New World”,
but failed to find a
Northwest Passage to Asia
Sailed to the Island of Cabo in the Philippines, where it is said he
converted 800 local people to Christianity in one day. After such
success Magellan demanded that the neighboring islands let Cabo
become their ruler, and some refused. He then attacked 10 to 12
islands, burning some of the villages. During his attack on the island
of Matam Magellan had only 50 to 60 men against three to four
thousand natives. Magellan and six of his men were killed here in
1521. The rest of his crew continued on their trip and became the first
people to ever circumnavigate the globe (sail around the world).
In May 1498 Cabot set sail with a fleet of five vessels - a significant
advance over the previous year. This voyage is one of history's
puzzles. We know the fleet sailed, that one ship returned damaged
after a storm, and that John Cabot disappears from the historical
record. Everything else is speculation. This voyage demonstrated that
Cabot had not found an easy and profitable route to Asia. He had
found codfish and trees, but not the great cities that could provide
wealth and power. What he and Columbus had found, it was
becoming clear, was a new continent that stood between Europe and
Asia. This was a considerable disappointment to those who had
backed Cabot's voyages.
He would rob Spanish ships and towns in the Caribbean and make the
Spaniards mad. On one of Drake’s trips he sailed around South
America to the Pacific Ocean, and robed Spanish ships on his way.
The Spanish ships threatened to attack him if he returned home the
same way, so they forced Drake to sail across the Pacific Ocean to
return home. He became the second person to circumnavigate the
globe (sail around the world).
In 1611 Henry Hudson and his crew were trapped in the Hudson bay
after the water froze around their ship. When the ice melted and the
men could travel home they learned that Hudson planed on going
further west to find a passage to Asia. When they heard of this they
put Hudson, his son, and seven other crewmen in a tiny boat and left
them in the Bay that would be named for him later (the Hudson Bay).
Henry Hudson was never heard from again.
Drake /
1577-1580 /
England
Peru and the
Pacific Ocean /
Circumnavigated
the globe
Gold and Glory
(to attack
Spanish ships
and towns)
Second person to sail around
the world and stole from
Spanish ships and towns in
the Caribbean
Hudson /
1610 /
England
China and India
/ The Hudson
Bay (Northern
Canada)
Gold and Glory
(to find a
northwest
passage)
Documented Canada, parts
of New York, and the
Hudson Bay.
Cartier /
China / North
1524 / France America (New
Brunswick and
Newfoundland)
Champlain /
Canada / Canada
1608 / France
Gold
Claimed Canada for France
and started the French trade
with the Natives
In Cartier’s search for a Northwest passage to Asia he discovered what
he thought was gold and diamonds. Instead he had only found fool’s
gold and quartz, an element that looks like diamonds.
Gold and God
Established Quebec as a
trading center, and
documented Lake
Champlain
LaSalle
(Rene Robert
Cavelier) /
1679 – 1684 /
France
To discover if
the Mississippi
led to Pacific
Ocean and
Asia.
He claimed the Mississippi
River and everything it
touched for France. This
became known as the
Louisiana Territory
While sailing for France, Champlain was looking for the Northwest
passage to Asia, but landed in Canada. He formed friendly
relationships with the Montagnais Indians and fought against the
Iroquois, in an attempt to get the Montagnais to trade with the French.
Champlain would join in battles with the Montagnais, and during one
fight he was shot with an arrow and injured so bad that he was forced
to return to France to heal.
He originally came to Canada to become a farmer. After two years of
farming LaSalle got tired of it and asked the French king for money to
explore the Mississippi River. He was the first person to sail the entire
Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He finally proved that there
was no passage through the Americas to Asia.
Mississippi
River / Canada
and the
Mississippi
River