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TAN_05_RVSG_C27 2/2/2004 3:28 PM Page 278 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date________________ CHAPTER 27 Section 2 Guide to the Essentials World War II Begins VOCABULARY appeasement policy of giving in to aggression to avoid war SUMMARY During the late 1930s, Italy, Japan, and Germany continued their aggression. The United States and the European democracies did little in response. In 1938, Hitler annexed Austria. Then he claimed part of Czechoslovakia. Britain and France were eager to avoid war. They made a deal that Germany could keep this land if no additional attempts to expand were made. However, this policy of appeasement failed. Germany seized the rest of Czechoslovakia. When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Great Britain and France declared war. World War II had begun. By the summer of 1940, German forces had conquered France and were threatening Britain. When war broke out in Europe, the United States declared that it would remain neutral. President Roosevelt, like most Americans, sympathized with Britain and France. He created programs by which the United States supplied planes, guns, and other supplies to Britain. He quietly began preparing the nation for war. Tensions between the United States and Japan grew. The United States refused to sell oil and metal to Japan unless it stopped its attacks on other countries. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes made a surprise raid on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack destroyed many ships and planes. More than 2,400 people died. An outraged Congress declared war on Japan. The United States entered the war on the side of the Allies. Germany, Italy, and Japan were the Axis powers. (See chart.) MAJOR POWERS OF WORLD WAR II THE ALLIES THE AXIS POWERS France Germany Soviet Union Italy United States 23908-TAN9E-GTE8-C27-S02A Japan China REVIEW Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How did the United States respond when war broke out in Europe in 1939? 2. Chart Skills On which side did China fight in World War II? 278 Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Great Britain