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TMA Biology Notes Biochemistry Question 1. How is matter different from energy? Matter – has mass and volume. The simplest form of matter is element. There are identified 118 elements on earth. Energy – has no mass and volume. It is a property of matter that allows the matter to influence other matter. Kinetic Energy Forms of Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Sound Energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Radiant Energy Elastic Potential Energy TMA Biology Notes Question 2. How is understanding matter and energy involved in Biology? All biological concepts are interactions between matter and energy. If you understand the properties of matter and the elements as well as energy forms and transformation, it will be easier to understand biological processes and concepts. Question 3. What is the level of organization in Biology? Level of organization is an approach of categorizing the structural make up of living things from the simplest structure to the most complex. Atoms Cells Molecules TMA Biology Notes Tissues Organs Organism Organ systems Question 4. What are biomolecules? Biomolecules – organic molecules produced by living organisms. They consist predominantly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Organic means carbon based molecule from living things There are 4 types of biomolecules – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid TMA Biology Notes Credit: By OpenStax College CC BY-SA 3.0 TMA Biology Notes Credit: By OpenStax College CC BY-SA 3.0 TMA Biology Notes Credit: By OpenStax College CC BY-SA 3.0 TMA Biology Notes Credit: By OpenStax College CC BY-SA 3.0 TMA Biology Notes Question 5. What are enzymes? Enzymes – are protein molecules that serve as catalyst for chemical reactions in living organisms without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change Catalyst – a substance that speeds up chemical reactions Enzyme activity is greatly affected by temperature, salinity, pH or acidity, and concentration Question 6. How do enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms? Enzymes lower the activation energy for the reaction Activation energy is the energy required to start a reaction. Usually, it is higher than the energy needed to sustain the reaction