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Postwar politics and the beginnings
of the Cold War
By: Julio Avila!
Ending WWII
World War II
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The Allied powers consisted of : the United Kingdom,
the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and France.!
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The Axis powers consisted of : Germany, Japan, and
Italy.!
V-E and V-J Day.
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V-E Day marked the Allied victory in Europe on May
8th, 1945 as Adolf Hitler's successor, Karl Dönitz
signed Germany's surrender.!
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V-J Day marked when Japan announced their
surrender on August 15, 1945 soon after the Enola Gay
had dropped Fat man and Little boy.!
International politics
The Yalta Conference
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Codenamed the "Argonaut Conference" and was held in
Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea.!
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Seven day conference beginning on February 4th 1945.!
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Meeting between the "Big Three" (Great Britain, the United
States, and the Soviet Union).!
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The Big Three were represented by the British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin
and United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt.!
Results of the Yalta Conference
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All Agreed to demand the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and Japan.!
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Germany was to be divided into four zones run by, Great Britain, the United States, the
Soviet Union, and France in order to conclude war time trials, and reparations to their
own governments. !
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Stalin promised free-elections in Eastern Europe, to reorganize the Polish Lublin
government, and to enter war against Japan, to regain lands lost to them in the RussoJapanese war of 1904 and 1905.!
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Stalin later broke this promise and denied free-elections in Europe and even sought
spheres of influence dominated by the USSR (The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). !
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Another meeting was planned in Los Angeles, United States which created the United
Nations.!
The Potsdam Conference
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Held near Berlin, Germany on July 17th through
August 2nd 1945. !
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Meeting between Great Britain's Winston Churchill
whom was replaced by Clement Attlee on July
28th, the U.S.S.R.'s Joseph Stalin, and the United
State's Harry S. Truman. !
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Was seen as a continuation of the Yalta Conference.!
Results of the Potsdam Conference
!
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Redrew Germany's borders in favor of Poland by request of Stalin.!
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Nazi institutions which controlled the German economy were to be
decentralized. !
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Predominantly dealt with assisting post-war Europe with other
small decisions. !
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Truman had kept the success of the Nuclear bombs in Japan a
secret to Stalin. !
Views of De Gaulle, Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle
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Leader of Free France, which were
troops who had survived when
Germany overtook France in 1940.!
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Believed strongly in the liberation
of France, and eventually did so
when liberating Paris on August
25th of 1944.!
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Founded the Fifth Republic of
France, as he was elected their 18th
president. The fifth republic still
stands today. !
Views of Charles de Gaulle
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Huge advocator of French independence.!
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Believed in his "Politics of Grandeur" which was the
belief that since France was a major power, it should
not have to rely on other countries, especially the
United States for stability and prosperity. !
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This belief led him to resign from NATO (The North
Atlantic Treaty Organization) and allowed France to
be the fourth nuclear power. !
Winston Churchill
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Conservative!
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from
1940 to 1945.!
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Pushed for British independence from the
European Coal and Steel Community. !
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Ultimately wanted the United Kingdom to
survive at all costs as they viewed themselves
as extremely vulnerable during WWII.!
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Believed it was necessary to establish
agreements with the United States in order to
limit Joseph Stalin's power after WWII.!
Views of Joseph Stalin
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Communist!
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Dictator of the Soviet Union from 1929
until his death in 1953.!
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Stalin's main goal after WWII was to
preserve his rule and ensure that nothing
would ever come close to ending his
reign which WWII almost accomplished.!
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Believed in massive wartime
expenditures no matter the cost in order
to gain back the land he lost to Germany. !
Views of Joseph Stalin continued ✤ 
Believed another global recession would occur after WWII and
expected the United States to pay the USSR large amounts of money
since this theoretical depression would leave the United States in
search of markets for their products to only then be found in the USSR.!
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Believed this recession would also break the United Kingdom's ties
with the United States, allowing him to have closer relations with the
United Kingdom.!
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Ultimately believed with the fall of Germany, and having the United
States and the United Kingdom on his side he could dominate Europe
with Communism as Hitler had attempted to do. !
Views of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Wanted the United States to have a more active role in global politics.!
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Was in accordance with Woodrow Wilson, that the United State's security
could be affected by something happening halfway across the world.!
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Had four main WWII priorities: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
1) The only
way to achieve victory in WWII was to keep the Allies united.
2) Allied settlement after war was a necessity to keep a lasting peace.
3)
A powerful enough collective organization settlement to deter war and
economic recession.
4) The settlement would have to be light and subtle not to push the
American people beyond their limitations.!
The transition from Franklin
Delano Roosevelt to Harry S.
Truman:
Harry S.
Truman
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Elected in November of 1944, as
Roosevelt's Vice President.!
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Only served 82 days as vice
president until Roosevelt
suffered from a massive stroke
in 1945.!
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Was sworn into office on April
12, 1945.!
Harry S. Truman continued
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Due to Roosevelt's sickness Truman never saw the president and was uniformed
of atomic development and the developing difficulties with Soviet Russia.!
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Presidential term: April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953.!
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After V-E day, Japan pleaded to surrender, and Truman rejected their plead
dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.!
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In June of 1945 he signed the charter of the United Nations, to fulfill Roosevelt's
four priorities, to maintain peace after war.!
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Expanded Social Security. !
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Created the Fair Deal.!
OPVL: "The Fair Deal"
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Origin: Was a set of domestic policies Harry S. Truman proposed January 5th of 1949 during his State
of the Union Address.!
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Purpose: Was named after Franklin Roosevelt's "New Deal" to keep his legacy alive. The purpose of
the Fair Deal was to grant all Americans health insurance, an increased minimum wage, equal
working rights, and aid to education. The Fair Deal proposed to also repeal the Taft-Hartley act. !
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Value: The name in itself displays how Franklin Delano Roosevelt was one of the most influential
presidents at that time since presidents were no longer afraid to impose a mass amount of legislations.
Secondly, the deal displays how World War II had taken the American economy out of it's depression
and into economic stability, as the proposals would need a fairly stable economy to be successful. !
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Limitations: Harry S. Truman being a Democrat, knew he had a Republican run Congress and
therefore, most likely repressed some of the legislative ideas given in his Fair Deal. Truman did this
because he needed Congress to approve of his legislative proposals. Once again, since Truman was a
Democrat the document is biased towards them only showing Democratic opinions and no
Republican opinion. !
Bibliography
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"Charles De Gaulle | Biography - President of France." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/
EBchecked/topic/227099/Charles-de-Gaulle>.!
Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. New York: Penguin, 2005. Print.!
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"Harry S. Truman." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.
<https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/harrystruman>.!
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The Potsdam Conference, 1945 - 1937–1945 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The
Potsdam Conference, 1945 - 1937–1945 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 Apr. 2015. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/potsdam-conf>.!
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"Yalta Conference." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/yalta-conference>.!