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E-Commerce
E-Commerce
E-commerce (electronic
commerce or EC) is the
buying and selling of
goods and services on
the Internet.
E-Commerce
 E-commerce at the consumer level
 Online shopping (B2C transactions)
 Online banking
 Online Finance
 E-commerce at the business level
 Business-to-Business (B2B) transactions
 Security
 Paying on web
 Bidding / Auction
 Buying and selling
E-Commerce
 Retail goods can be classified into two
categories:
1. Hard goods are those that can be viewed
and priced online, such as computers,
clothes, groceries, and furniture, but are
then sent to buyers by mail or truck.
2. Soft goods are those that can be
downloaded directly from the retailers site,
such as music, software, travel tickets and
greeting cards.
E-Commerce
E-Commerce is:
1. E-commerce at the consumer level
2. E-commerce at the business level.
E-commerce at the Consumer Level
Thousands of online businesses provide services to
meet the needs of consumers. These companies web
sites provide information about products and
services, take orders, receive payments, and provide
on-the-spot customer service.
 Consumer oriented e-commerce web sites take many
forms and cover the range of products and services,
but can be divided into two general categories:
1. Shopping sites
2. Personal finance sites.

Online shopping
 Online shopping means buying a product or
service through a website.
 Another
term
for
online
shopping
is
B2C(business-to-consumer) transaction.
 Amazon and Buy.com are just two of the many
popular web sites where consumers can buy
any sorts of things.
 What can you buy online? The list is almost
limitless-including everything from car to
appliances, electronics to jewelry, clothes to
books, drinks to candies.
Online shopping
 There are thousands of consumer web sites
and each has its own look, feel, and approach
to customer satisfaction. But effective online
shopping sites share a few essential features:
 A catalog where you can search for
information about products and services.
 A “checkout” section where you can securely
pay for the items you want to purchase.
 A customer service page, where you can
contact the merchant of assistance.
Online Banking and Finance
 Retailers are not the only businesses reaching out to
consumers over the web. No matter where you live in,
there’s good chance that your local bank has a web site
where you can manage your accounts.
 If you are interested in investing, borrowing money,
buying insurance, applying for a credit card, or doing
some other task involving personal finance, you can do
that online, too.
Online Banking
 The term online banking refers to using a
bank’s web site to handle banking-related
tasks. Individuals and businesses alike can
visit any bank’s web site and do the
following:
 Create an account
 Transfer funds
 Record or view transactions
 Pay bills.
Online Finance
 The term online finance refers to any kind of personal
financial transaction you can conduct online, other than
managing your bank accounts.
 These activities include:
 Investing
 Applying for loans
 Applying for credit cards
 Buying insurance
 Paying taxes
 Seeking financial advice.
E-Commerce at the Business Level
 Beyond individual consumer transactions, e-commerce has given
companies an entirely different way to conduct business.
 Using powerful web sites and online databases, companies not
only sell goods to individual customers, but also track inventory,
order products, send invoices, and receive payments.
 Using e-commerce technologies, companies are rapidly forming
online partnerships to collaborate on product designs, sales and
marketing campaigns, and more.
 By giving one another access to their private networks, corporate
partners access vital information and work together more
efficiently.
Business-to-Business (B2B)
transactions
 Although millions of consumer transactions take place
each day on the web, business-to-business transaction
actually accounts for most of the money that is spent
online.
 As it name implies, a business-to-business transaction
is one that takes place between companies; consumers
are not involved.
 In fact, companies were doing business electronically
long before the rise of the web, by using private
networks and computer systems to handle transactions.
 But internet technologies have made the process easier,
more efficient, and available to virtually all businesses.
Business-to-Business (B2B)
transactions
 Any financial transaction between two companies can
be considered a B2B transaction, and probably can be
handled over the internet.
Consider some examples:
 A store orders an out-of-stock product from a
distributor.
 A car manufacturer orders parts from a wide range of
suppliers.
 A stock broker buys shares for a client by using an
electronic exchange.
Security
 Until 1998, e-commerce was slow to gain acceptance among
consumers who were concerned about security.
 Many people feared that it was not safe to provide personal or credit
card information over the internet because it was possible for
criminals to intercept data and use it, or to steal it from unprotected
web servers.
 Those fears have largely been eliminated, however, with improved
security measures and public perception of the internet’s safety.
 It is actually very easy to make sure that you are surfing safely and
keeping your personal information secure while online, even when
you are giving credit card numbers to web merchant.
Security
 Reputable e-commerce web sites (especially those run
by well-known companies) use sophisticated measures to
ensure that customer information cannot fall into the
hands of criminals.
 Online merchants typically protect customers by
providing secure web pages where customers can enter
credit card and account numbers, passwords, and other
personal information.
 To secure the data transmit to a web site, online
merchants can encode pages using secure sockets layer
(SSL) technology, which encrypts data.
Security


1.
2.
Encryption technology secures data by converting it
into a code that is unusable by anyone who does not
possess a key to the code.
When using e-commerce site, you can determine if
the current page is secure in two ways.
Check the URL. If the page’s URL begins with
https://, the page is secure. The letters indicates
security measures.
Check your browser’s status bar. If you use
Microsoft IE or Netscape navigator, a closed padlock
symbol will appear in the browsers status bar when a
secure web page is open.
Bidding (Auctions): Linking
Individual Buyers & Seller

1.
2.
Today millions of buyers and sellers are linking up at
online auctions, where everything is available. There
are generally two types of auction sites:
Person to person Auction: person-to-person auctions,
such as eBay, connect buyers and sellers for a listing
fee and a commission on sold items.
Vendor-based auctions: vendor based auctions, such
as onsale, buy goods and sell it at discount. Some
auctions are specialized, such as price line, an
auction site for airline tickets and other items.
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