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Medical Terminology A Living Language SIXTH EDITION CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System at a Glance • Functions of Cardiovascular (CV) System Distribute blood to all areas of body Delivery of needed substances to cells Removal of wastes continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System at a Glance • Organs of Cardiovascular System Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Systems Illustrated Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms • • • • • • • • angi/o – vessel aort/o – aorta arteri/o – artery ather/o – fatty substance atri/o – atrium cardi/o – heart coron/o – heart corpor/o – body continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms • • • • • • • • embol/o – plug isch/o – to hold back myocardi/o – heart muscle phleb/o – vein sept/o – wall son/o – sound sphygm/o – pulse steth/o – chest continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms • • • • • • • • thromb/o – clot valv/o – valve valvul/o – valve varic/o – dilated vein vascul/o – blood vessel vas/o – vessel, duct ven/o – vein ventricul/o – ventricle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System Suffixes • –cardia • –manometer • –ole • –spasm • –tension • –tonic • –ule heart condition instrument to measure pressure small involuntary muscle contraction pressure pertaining to tone small Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System Prefixes • di- two Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System • Also called circulatory system • Maintains distribution of blood throughout body • Delivers oxygen and nutrients like glucose and amino acids to cells • Picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products from cells and delivers to lungs, liver, and kidneys for elimination continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System • Is composed of: Heart Blood vessels • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins • Divided into pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Systemic Circulation • Between heart and cells of body • Carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body • Carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulmonary Circulation • Between heart and lungs • Carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs • Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.1 A schematic of the circulatory system illustrating the pulmonary circulation picking up oxygen from the lungs and the systemic circulation delivering oxygen to the body. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart • Muscular pump • Made up of cardiac muscle fibers • Could be called a muscle instead of an organ • Beats an average of 60–100 beats per minute (bpm), or about 100,000 times a day continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart • Each time the muscle contracts: Blood is ejected from heart Pushed throughout body within blood vessels continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart • Located in the mediastinum More to left side of chest Directly behind sternum • About size of a fist • Shaped like upside-down pear • Tip of heart at lower edge called the apex Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.2 Location of the heart within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Layers Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium • Inner layer • Lines heart chambers • Smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers • Middle layer • Thick muscle • Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels • Outer layer • Forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac • Fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.3 Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Chambers • Divided into four chambers Two atria Two ventricles • Heart is divided into right and left sides by walls called the interatrial septum and interventricular septum. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Atria • Left and right upper chambers • Receiving chambers • Blood returns to atria in veins Superior and inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ventricles • Left and right lower chambers • Pumping chambers Thick myocardium • Blood exits ventricles into arteries Aorta Pulmonary artery Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Valves • Four valves in heart Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral Aortic continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Valves • Act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow • Found at entrance and exit to ventricles • Allow blood to flow only in forward direction by blocking it from returning to previous chamber Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tricuspid Valve • An atrioventricular valve • Between right atrium and ventricle Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tricuspid Valve • Has 3 leaflets or cusps Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulmonary Valve • A semilunar valve Valve looks like half moon • Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery • Prevents blood in artery from flowing back into ventricle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mitral Valve • An atrioventricular valve • Between left atrium and ventricle • Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mitral Valve • Also called bicuspid valve • Has two cusps Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Aortic Valve • A semilunar valve • Between left ventricle and aorta • Prevents blood in aorta from flowing back into ventricle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.4 Superior view of heart valves illustrating position, size, and shape of each valve. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 1. Deoxygenated blood from body enters relaxed right atrium via two large veins called: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 2. Right atrium contracts Blood flows through tricuspid valve into relaxed right ventricle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 3. Right ventricle contracts Blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery Carries blood to lungs Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 4. Relaxed left atrium receives blood that has been oxygenated by lungs Blood enters left atrium from the four pulmonary veins continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 5. Left atrium contracts Blood flows through mitral valve into relaxed left ventricle continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 6. Left ventricle contracts Blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into aorta Largest artery in the body Carries blood to all parts of body Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Systole and Diastole • Heart chambers alternate between: Relaxing to fill Contracting to push blood forward • Relaxation phase is diastole • Contraction phase is systole Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.5 The path of blood flow through the chambers of the left and right side of the heart, including the veins delivering blood to the heart and arteries receiving blood ejected from the heart. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart • Autonomic nervous system controls heart rate Therefore, no voluntary control over heart • Special heart tissue conducts electrical impulses Stimulate different chambers to contract in correct order Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 1. Sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker, is where electrical impulse begins From SA node a wave of electricity travels through atria Causing them to contract, or go into systole continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 2. Next, atrioventricular node (AV) is stimulated 3. This node transfers stimulation wave to atrioventricular bundle (formerly bundle of His) continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 4. Electrical wave travels down bundle branches within interventricular septum continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 5. Finally, Purkinje fibers in ventricular myocardium are stimulated 1. Results in ventricular systole Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.6 The conduction system of the heart; traces the path of the electrical impulse that stimulates the heart chambers to contract in the correct sequence. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.7 An electrocardiogram (EKG) wave record of the electrical signal as it moves through the conduction system of the heart. This signal stimulates the chambers of the heart to contract and relax in the proper sequence. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels • Pipes that circulate blood through body • Three types: Arteries Capillaries Veins • Lumen is the channel within blood vessels Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.8 Comparative structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Arteries • Large thick-walled vessels • Wall contains smooth muscle and can dilate or constrict • As coronary arteries arteries travel through body they branch into progressively smaller vessels called arterioles. continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Arteries • Carry blood away from heart Towards either lungs or cells and tissues of body Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs Aorta carries oxygenated blood to body • Coronary arteries supply myocardium Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.9 The coronary arteries. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.10 The major arteries of the body. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Capillaries • Network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called a capillary bed • Connecting unit between arteries and veins Arterial blood flows into capillary bed Venous blood flows out of capillary bed • Location for: Oxygen and nutrients to diffuse out Carbon dioxide and wastes to diffuse in Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Veins • Much thinner walls than arteries • Much lower pressure system than in arteries Have valves to insure blood flows only towards heart Squeezing by skeletal muscles also assists blood return to heart • Smallest veins are called venules continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Veins • Carry blood towards the heart From either the lungs or the cells and tissues of body Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs Superior and inferior vena cava carry deoxygenated blood from body Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure • Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel • May be affected by several characteristics of blood and blood vessels Elasticity of arteries Diameter of blood vessels Viscosity of blood continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure • May be affected by several characteristics of blood and blood vessels Volume of blood Amount of resistance to blood flow Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure • During ventricular systole Blood is under great pressure Gives highest pressure, systolic Top number of blood pressure reading • Pulse felt at wrist or throat is the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction. continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure • During ventricular diastole Blood isn't being pushed from heart at all Blood pressure drops to lowest point, diastolic Bottom number of blood pressure reading Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.11 The major veins of the body. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms • • • • • • • • angi/o – vessel aort/o – aorta arteri/o – artery ather/o – fatty substance atri/o – atrium cardi/o – heart coron/o – heart copor/o – body continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms • • • • • • • • cutane/o – skin cyan/o – blue duct/o – to bring electr/o – electricity embol/o – plug hem/o – blood isch/o – to hold back lip/o – fat continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms • • • • • • • • my/o – muscle myocardi/o – heart muscle orth/o – straight pector/o – chest peripher/o – away from center phleb/o – vein pulmon/o – lung sept/o – wall continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms • • • • • • • • son/o – sound sphygm/o – pulse steth/o – chest thromb/o – clot valv/o – valve valvul/o – valve varic/o – dilated vein vas/o – vessel continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms • vascul/o – blood vessel • ven/o – vein • ventricul/o – ventricle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes • • • • • -ac -al -ar -ary -eal pertaining pertaining pertaining pertaining pertaining to to to to to continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes • • • • • -ectomy -gram -graphy -ia -ic surgical removal record process of recording condition pertaining to continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes • • • • -itis -logy -lytic -manometer • -megaly • -ole • -oma inflammation study of destruction instrument to measure pressure enlarged small mass continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes • • • • • • • • -ose -osis -ous -pathy -plasty -rrhexis -sclerosis -scope pertaining to abnormal condition pertaining to disease surgical repair rupture hardening instrument for viewing continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes • -spasm • • • • • -stenosis -tension -tic -tonic -ule involuntary muscle contraction narrowing pressure pertaining to pertaining to tone small Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes • • • • • • • • aantibradydeendoextrahyperhypo- without against slow without inner outside of excessive insufficient continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes • • • • • interintraperperipoly- between within through around many continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes • • • • • retachytetratransultra- again fast four across beyond Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms aortic pertaining to the aorta arterial pertaining to an artery arteriole a small artery atrial pertaining to an atrium atrioventricular (AV, A-V) pertaining to the atrium and ventricle cardiac pertaining to the heart coronary pertaining to the heart interatrial pertaining to between the atria continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms interventricular pertaining to between the ventricles myocardial pertaining to the heart muscle valvular pertaining to a valve vascular pertaining to a blood vessel venous pertaining to a vein ventricular pertaining to a ventricle venule a small vein Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Anatomical Terms • Interventricular inter- + ventricul/o + -ar Pertaining to between the ventricles • Arterial arteri/o + -al Pertaining to a vein continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Anatomical Terms • Arteriole arteri/o + -ole A small artery • Venule ven/o + -ule A small vein Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Specialties cardiology The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Physician is a cardiologist. Healthcare professional trained to cardiovascular perform a variety of diagnostic and technologist/te therapeutic procedures including chnician electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms angiitis inflammation of a vessel angiospasm involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessels; narrows the vessel angiostenosis narrowing of a vessel bradycardia a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute embolus obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.12 Illustration of an embolus floating in an artery. The embolus will become lodged in a blood vessel that is smaller than it is, resulting in occlusion of that artery. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms infarct area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply ischemia local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction murmur Sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality orthostatic hypotension sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly palpitations pounding, racing heartbeats continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms plaque yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis regurgitation to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve tachycardia having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute thrombus blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.13 Development of an atherosclerotic plaque that progressively narrows the lumen of an artery to the point that a thrombus fully occludes the lumen. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Signs and Symptoms Terms • Angiospasm angi/o + -spasm Involuntary muscle spasm in a vessel • Bradycardia brady- + cardi/o + -ia Condition of slow heart continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Signs and Symptoms Terms • Hypotension hypo- + -tension Insufficient (blood) pressure • Tachycardia tachy- + cardi/o + -ia Condition of fast heart Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart angina pectoris severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia arrhythmia irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening bundle branch block (BBB) electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; also called heart block cardiac arrest complete stopping of heart activity Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart cardiomegaly an abnormally enlarged heart cardiomyopathy myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant hole, present at birth, in heart congenital septal septum; allows mixing of oxygenated defect (CSD) and deoxygenated blood continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart congestive heart failure (CHF) left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema coronary artery disease (CAD) poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack endocarditis inflammation of lining membranes of heart; if cause is bacterial may have a bacterial colony form, called vegetation Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.14 Formation of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery; may lead to coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart fibrillation extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur flutter arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern heart valve prolapse cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation heart valve stenosis cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart myocardial occlusion of coronary artery; results in a infarction (MI) myocardial infarct; a heart attack myocarditis inflammation of heart muscle layer pericarditis inflammation of pericardial sac tetralogy of Fallot combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery valvulitis inflammation of a heart valve Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.15 External and cross-sectional view of an infarct caused by a myocardial infarction. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels aneurysm weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries arteriorrhexis a ruptured artery hardening and loss of elasticity of arteriosclerosis arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis atheroma deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.16 Illustration of a large aneurysm in the abdominal aorta that has ruptured. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels atherosclerosis most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall coarctation of the aorta (CoA) severe congenital narrowing of aorta hemorrhoid varicose veins in anal region hypertension (HTN) high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.13 Development of an atherosclerotic plaque that progressively narrows the lumen of an artery to the point that a thrombus fully occludes the lumen. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels hypotension decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth peripheral vascular disease (PVD) abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation phlebitis inflammation of a vein continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels polyarteritis inflammation of several arteries Raynaud's phenomenon periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure thrombophlebitis inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein varicose veins swollen and distended veins; often in the legs Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Pathology Terms • Cardiomegaly cardi/o + -megaly An enlarged heart • Endocarditis endo- + cardi/o + -itis Inflammation of inner heart continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Pathology Terms • Polyarteritis poly- + arteri/o + -itis Inflammation of many arteries • Arteriosclerosis arteri/o + -sclerosis Hardening of an artery Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures auscultation listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope sphygmomanometer blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure stethoscope instrument for listening to body sounds Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.17 Using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure. (Michal Heron, Pearson Education) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Clinical Laboratory Tests cardiac enzymes blood test determines level of enzymes specific to heart muscle in blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction serum lipoprotein level blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Diagnostic Imaging angiogram X-ray record of a vessel angiography X-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel cardiac scan nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; especially useful in determining myocardial damage continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Diagnostic Imaging Doppler ultrasonography using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses echocardiography use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests catheter flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels cardiac catheterization catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests electrocardiogram hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography process of recording electrical electrocardiography activity of heart; able to diagnose (ECG, EKG) arrhythmias and myocardial damage Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests Holter monitor portable ECG monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities stress testing evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load; EKC and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.18 Man undergoing a stress test on a treadmill while physician monitors his condition. (Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit Inc.) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Diagnostic Terms • Sphygmomanometer sphygm/o + -manometer Instrument to measure pulse pressure • Angiography angi/o + -graphy Process of recording a vessel continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Diagnostic Terms • Ultrasonography ultra- + son/o + -graphy Process of recording with high frequency sound • Electrocardiogram electr/o + cardi/o + -gram Record of heart's electricity Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures procedure to restore cardiac output cardiopulmonary and oxygenate air for person in resuscitation cardiac arrest; uses chest (CPR) compressions and artificial respiration defibrillation procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock extracorporeal routing blood to a heart-lung machine circulation (ECC) during a surgical procedure Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.19 An emergency medical technician positions defibrillator paddles on the chest of a supine male patient. (Floyd Jackson, Pearson Education) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD) device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation pacemaker implantation device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker; especially helpful for bradycardia thrombolytic therapy use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.20 Color enhanced X-ray showing pacemaker implanted in the left side of the chest and the electrode wires running to the heart muscle. (UHB Trust/Getty Images Inc.) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures aneurysmectomy surgical removal of an aneurysm arterial anastomosis surgical joining of two arteries when an artery is severed or a damaged section is removed atherectomy surgical removal of an atheroma coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) blood vessel from another location (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery embolectomy surgical removal of an embolus continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures endarterectomy removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques heart transplant replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart intracoronary artery stent placing a stent within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis ligation and stripping removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.21 A) A catheter is used to place a collapsed stent next to an atherosclerotic plaque; B) stent is expanded; C) catheter is removed, leaving the expanded stent behind. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel stent stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen valve replacement removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve valvoplasty surgical repair of a heart valve Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.22 Balloon angioplasty: A) deflated balloon catheter is approaching an atherosclerotic plaque; B) plaque is compressed by inflated balloon; C) plaque remains compressed after balloon catheter is removed. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Therapeutic Terms • Cardiopulmonary cardi/o + pulmon/o + -ary Pertaining to the heart and lungs • Thrombolytic thromb/o + -lytic Destruction of a clot continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Therapeutic Terms • Extracorporeal extra- + corpor/o + -eal Pertaining to outside the body • Intracoronary intra- + coron/o + -ary Pertaining to within the heart Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology ACE inhibitor drugs produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure Lotensin, Capoten antiarrhythmic reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias Tambocor, Corvert anticoagulant prevents blood clot formation Warfarin, Coumadin antilipidemic reduces blood cholesterol level Lipitor, Zocor antiplatelet agents inhibit ability of platelets to clump together in a blood clot Plavix, Ticlid continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology betablocker drugs lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris Lopressor, Inderal calcium channel blocker drugs decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure Cardizem, Procardia cardiotonic increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure Lanoxin continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology diuretic increases urine production to reduce plasma volume to lower blood pressure Lasix thrombolytic dissolves existing blood clot Plavix, Activase continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology contracts smooth muscle in vasoconstrictor wall of blood vessel to raise blood pressure vasodilator relaxes smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to ischemic area Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Aramine Nitro-Dur, Vasodilan Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations AED automated external defibrillator AF atrial fibrillation AMI acute myocardial infarction AS arteriosclerosis ASD atrial septal defect ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease AV, A-V atrioventricular BBB bundle branch block continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations BP blood pressure bpm beats per minute CABG coronary artery bypass graft CAD coronary artery disease cath catheterization CC cardiac catheterization, chief complaint CCU coronary care unit CHF congestive heart failure continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations CoA coarctation of the aorta CP chest pain CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CSD congenital septal defect CV cardiovascular DVT deep vein thrombosis ECC extracorporeal circulation continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations ECG, EKG electrocardiogram ECHO echocardiogram GOT glutamic- oxaloacetic transaminase HTN hypertension ICD Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICU intensive care unit IV intravenous continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations LVH left ventricular hypertrophy MI myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency mm Hg millimeters of mercury MR mitral regurgitation MS mitral stenosis MVP mitral valve prolapse continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations P pulse PAC premature atrial contraction PDA patent ductus arteriosus PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PVC premature ventricular contraction S1 first heart sound S2 second heart sound continued on next slide Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations SA, S-A sinoatrial SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase SK streptokinase tPA tissue-type plasminogen activator V fib ventricular fibrillation VSD ventricular septal defect VT ventricular tachycardia Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Combining Forms Match Up • • • • • angi/o cardi/o corpor/o embol/o pect/o a. b. c. d. e. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht plug heart body chest vessel Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved