Download WORLD RELIGIONS

WORLD RELIGIONS
A Look at the Way
the World Prays
What is religion and why
study it?
 Purpose of Religion?
◦ To explain
◦ To get to heaven
◦ To do good
◦ To give life meaning
◦ Law and order
◦ Why is it important?
◦ Religion has shaped history for thousands of years.
◦ It is okay to learn about religions not your own.
◦ You do not, and should not, agree with all beliefs, but you should
be respectful of them.
World Religions
PRIMARY WORLD RELIGIONS
z ISLAM
z JUDAISM
z HINDUISM
z BUDDHISM
z CHRISTIANITY
Activity: (3 minutes)
Order by “popularity” (size of membership)
z
z
z
z
z
Hinduism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Judaism
World Religion Membership
Religion
Member World Population
Christianity
2 Billion +
Islam
1.2 Billion +
Hinduism
900 Million
Buddhism
400 Million
Judaism
14 Million
(WHY?)
Beliefs
z Monotheistic-believe in one god
z Polytheistic-believe in more than one god
The Two Types of Religions
Abrahamic Religions
Ex: Islam, Christianity, & Judaism
Dharmic Religions
Ex: Hinduism & Buddhism
Abrahamic & Dharmic
Religions
Christianity & Islam
Lets look at the Abrahamic
Religions first.
Christianity
z
z
z
z
Supreme Being?
God/ Yaweh/Jesus
Where did it begin?
Bethlehem-Palestine, modern day Middle East
(Israel)
z Raised Jewish
y R.C. Pope- hierarchy
y O. –reject doctrine added since 8th century
y P. individuals primary responsibility for achieving
personal salvation; direct communication w/God
z Symbols?
Major Beliefs
Based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
z Believe that Jesus was the son of God who
came and died for people’s sins and then rose
so that all people could be saved
z Believe in one God(monotheistic) who created
the universe and all things in it
Christian Way of Life
z
z
z
z
z
Fellowship with God
relationships with others
Obedience to God's commands
prayer
Attending church
CHRISTIANITY
z The three main segments
of Christianity are
Catholics, Orthodox, and
Protestants.
Exit Slip
z Use your reading from today to answer on
a sheet of paper and turn in at the end of
class:
z 1. Why is Judaism and Christianity considered
Abrahamic religions?
z 2. What is the Christian concept of the Trinity?
z 4. How do Christians achieve salvation?
z 3. Why do you think Christianity is the largest
religion in the world?
Target: I can describe
Judaism
Learning Target: I can
describe Judaism
z Journal: The Eastern religions of Hinduism
and Buddhism are polytheistic. Judaism
was the first monotheistic religion in the
world, what does this mean? Why is this
significant?
Founder/Supreme Being
z the God of the ancient Israelites or
Yahweh established a divine covenant
with Abraham, making him the patriarch
of many nations.
z The term Abrahamic Religions is derived
from his name. These are the three or
four major religions which trace their
roots back to Abraham: Judaism,
Christianity, Islam
JUDAISM
z The oldest faith among the major
religions of the world is Judaism, or
Jewish. The Hebrews have been
around for thousands of years.
z Judaism began in what is today
Israel in the Middle East
JUDAISM Beliefs
z The main difference between
Christians and Jews is their
belief regarding Jesus. Jews do
not believe him to be the son of
God.
z Jews believe in one God, and are
waiting for the Messiah or
chosen one
z Jews’ sacred literature is the
Torah, comprised mainly of the
Old Testament. They do not use
the New Testament.
z Jews practice many traditions
including prayer and fasting.
JUDAISM: Practices
z A Jewish place of
z A Jewish church leader
worship is called a
is called a rabbi.
synagogue.
z Jews have many laws
z Jewish ceremonies
and traditions, including
are often performed eating Kosher food.
in Yiddish, or
Hebrew.
Customs and Traditions
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Observation of the weekly Sabbath
as a day of rest, starting at
sundown on Friday evening.
following the laws in all areas of
life
Passing down Jewish traditions
celebrating the annual festivals
including:
Passover, or Pesach is held each
Spring to recall the Jews'
deliverance out of slavery in Egypt
Hanukkah or the Feast of Lights
is an 8 day feast of dedication.
Barmitzvah-coming of age
rituals
JUDAISM
z The menorah is a
symbol of the
Jewish religion. So
is the star of David.
Holy Text
z Jews’ sacred
literature is the
Torah, comprised
mainly of the Old
Testament. They do
not use the New
Testament.
Jerusalem:
The Holy City
z 1) Who was the patriarch (father) of the 3
religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
z
z 3) What is the term for the weekly day of
worship?
z
z 5) Christians call him God.
z
z 6) Name and draw the Jewish symbol.
z
EXIT
z In your Demonstrator answer the
following about Judaism in Israel:
z 1. Who founded Judaism?
z 2.What were two beliefs or traditions
discussed in this video? Explain each
z 3. Why do you think Jerusalem is
considered such a holy place for Jews?
ISLAM
z The Muslim
symbol is the
crescent moon
with a star.
ISLAM
z Muslims worship the same God as
Christians and Jews. They call him
Allah, which is Arabic for “God”.
z Muslims are located mostly in the
Middle East in countries such as Egypt,
Iraq, and Saudi Arabia.
z Islam was founded by the prophet
Muhammad
ISLAM
z A Muslim temple is
called a mosque. A
Muslim priest is
called an imam.
ISLAM: Beliefs
z Monotheistic- “Allah”
z Islam is based on the life and teachings of
Muhammad
z Muslims follow the teachings of the Quran
z Muslim’s are expected to follow the 5 Pillars
of Faith
5 Pillars of Faith
z 1. Shahada-declaring your faithMuhammad messenger of God
z 2. salat-prayer 5 times a day [face
Mekkah]
z 3. zakat-giving to the poor
(purification/growth)
z 4. Siyam-fasting during Ramadan (selfpurification
z 5. hajj-making a pilgrimage to
ISLAM
z Like Christians, Muslims are divided. The
two main groups are Shi’a, (or Shi’ites)
[Iraq, Iran, Pakistan], The other sect is
Sunni [SW Asia, N Africa + Indonesia]
83% Muslims.
z France 4 million Muslims- magazine
incident
z Detroit- 1930s
What is a Muslim
extremist?
HINDUISM
z Hindus, on the other
hand, have no problem
with Jesus being the son
of God. They believe in
one God, but that he
takes many forms.
z 900 million 3rd largest!
z Holy places
concentrated for deitieswhat kind of religion?
HINDUISM
z Note the circle around
this Hindu god. Hindus
believe in reincarnation.
Life, to them, is circular.
HINDUISM
z This is symbol for
Hinduism. Most Hindus
live in India. The Hindu
scripture is primarily the
Upanishads and Vedas.
HINDUISM
z Brahma is the
senior God,
and creator of
the universe.
HINDUISM
z Another main
form of God for
Hindus is Shiva.
HINDUISM
z Vishnu is
another form
of God in the
Hindu religion.
HINDUISM
The temple shown is
representative of Hindu
temples worldwide.
Built for gods rather
than worship-symbolic
artifact/image of god
Cremation-purification; soul
departs for the afterworld.
Holiest shrines
riverbanks and
coastlines
Hinduism
z Unknown origins –
before recorded
history
z Our book classifies as
polytheistic, but only
1 god
z Aryan tribes Central
Asia invaded India +
intermingling with
Dravidians modified
to Hinduism
Pongal
z http://www.timeandd
ate.com/holidays/indi
a/pongal
BUDDHISM
The most different of the five major
religions is Buddhism. It is more a
lifestyle that focuses on ending
desire, thus ending suffering.
Buddhism 4 noble truths
z All living beings must endure suffering
z Suffering, caused by desire to live, leads to
reincarnation
z Goal of all existence is to escape suffering and
endless cycle of reincarnation into NIRVANAachieved-mental/moral self-purification
z Nirvavna attained through “eightfold path”
y Belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort,
thought, meditation
BUDDHISM
z Buddhists don’t really
worship a god - they
believe god is
everywhere, and that
when we end desire we
are at peace with
ourselves and nature.
z + ethnic religion
BUDDHISM
z Many people believe
that Buddhists
worship statues of
Buddha, like the one
at right. Not so.
BUDDHISM
z Buddhist priests are
called lamas or monks.
The Buddhist scriptures
are called the
Tripatakas, or three
baskets.
BUDDHISM
z One thing Buddhists and Hindus have in
common is the belief in reincarnation.
They believe you come back in a
different form based on your actions in
this life.
BUDDHISM
z Most Buddhists
live in Asian
countries such
as China + NE
India (hearth).
z Missionaries +
merchants diffused
Buddhism- less
practiced in India today
Three branches of
Buddhism- TMT
z Theravada
y Way of elders- full
time-Monk renounce
world goods, Buddha’s
wisdom
z Mahayana
y Help/teach others,
Buddha’s compassion
z Tantrayana
y Practice rituals
“tantras”
z Siddhartha Gautama
becomes Buddha
“enlightened one”
Quick Thought
z Hindu dominated
India
z Muslim dominated
Pakistan
LETS REVIEW THE WORLD
RELIGIONS
What god does each
religion believe in?
What is the scripture
for each religion?
Match the religion with its
place of worship
z
z
z
z
z
Synagogue
Church
Cathedral
Mosque
Temple
z Muslim
z Protestant
z Jewish
z Catholic
z Buddhist &
Hindu
Match the term to the religion
z
z
z
z
z
z
Priest, Bishop
Monk, lama
Imam
Rabbi
Minister, Reverend
Guru
z
z
z
z
z
z
Judaism
Buddhism
Protestant
Hindu
Catholic
Muslim
Match the geographic
location to the religion
z
z
z
z
z
z
Middle East
Israel, Europe, U.S.
N. & S. America, Europe
Asia
India
U.S., Australia
z
z
z
z
z
z
Protestant
Muslim
Jewish
Hindu
Catholic
Buddhist
What is the BIG difference
between Christians and
Jews and Muslims?
HINT: J.C.
How was each religion created?
z
z
z
z
z
z
Judaism
Catholicism
Hinduism
Protestant
Buddhist
Islam
Abraham
Jesus’ teachings
unsure
Protesting Catholicism
Buddha
Mohammed
How does each religion
view the afterlife?
Which religions believe
in reincarnation?
Territorial Conflicts
z Ex) Afghanistan-Taliban-strict Islamic valuesfundamentalism
z Called by Allah purge Afghanistan of sin + pure
Islamic state. No “Western” influence or
Buddhist statues
z Caste System- hereditary order (Brahman,
Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Shudras, untouchables)
y Relaxed; untouchables go to university; marriage
adds still include caste
Middle East
z Jews vs. Christians vs. Muslims
z Crusades- against Muslims by Christians
to reclaim Jerusalem
z UK takes control with the defeat of the
Ottoman Empire WWI
z UN creates Israel in 1947
z Watch this
Middle East
z Israel, Palestine, Gaza Strip
z Israeli control but Palestinians (Muslims
lived or living in Israel) CLAIM IT
z Do not recognize right of Israel to exist
(sovereign) due to 1967 six day war when
Israel claimed territory
Jurusalem
z Holy site to Islam, Judaism, Christianity
z Muslims sacred space build ON TOP of
sacred space of Jews
z Israel allows unlimited access to Muslim
holy structures
z No dividing possible-ON TOP OF
Ireland vs. N Ireland
z N. Protestant 46%
y 40% Catholic
y Irish Republican Army (IRA) fundamentalists
who want to unite Ireland by any means
z Ireland Catholic
Communism vs. Religion
z Soviet Union-Today-Russia nationalized
church buildings and property- use with
permission
z SE Asia- vandalized Buddhist monuments