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Yourwebbrowser(Safari7)isoutofdate.Formoresecurity,comfortand thebestexperienceonthissite: Updateyourbrowser Ignore Activitydevelop D RA I N AG E B A S I N S I N EUROPE Howarecountrieswithinadrainagebasinconnectedbytrade, transportation,andwateruse? OVERVIEW StudentsreadaboutandtracedrainagebasinsinEurope.Theydiscussissues aroundphysicalfeatures,borders,andconflicts. Forthecompleteactivitywithmediaresources,visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/drainage-basins-in-europe/ DIRECTIO NS 1.Activatestudents'priorknowledgeandintroducetheactivity. Ask:Whatisawatershed?Explaintostudentsthatanothernamefora watershedisdrainagebasin—anentireriversystemoranareadrainedbya riveranditstributaries.Drainagebasinscanserveasatypeofregional boundaryorborder.Tellstudentsthattheywillexploreconnectionsamong countrieswithinadrainagebasintoextendanddeveloptheconceptofregion byestablishingthesharedcharacteristicsthatmakethisaregion. 2.Havestudentsreadanddiscussapassageaboutdrainagebasins. DistributetheworksheetDrainageBasinsandHowRiversFlow.Havestudents readthepassageindependentlyanduseittosketchadrainagebasininthe 1of11 spaceatthebottomoftheworksheet.Theninvitevolunteerstorestatewhata drainagebasinisintheirownwords,whilesharingthesketch.Elicitstudent ideasaboutwhyriversareimportant,andhowcountriesthatshareadrainage basinmightneedtocooperate.Discussanyquestionstheymayhave.If possible,havestudentsmakeconnectionstodrainagesystemsinyourlocal area. 3.Havesmallgroupsidentifyanddiscussdrainagebasins. Dividestudentsintosmallgroupsanddistributeacopyoftheworksheet MappingDrainageBasinsandRiversandthemapsPhysicalMapofEuropeand CountryBordersinEuropetoeachgroup.Assigneachgrouparivertoexplore: Rhine,Oder,Dnieper,Danube,Volga,orPechora.Thenhavestudentscomplete theworksheetfortheirassignedriver.Encouragestudentstoincludeintheir descriptionstheshapeoftheriveronthemap,whatthesceneryislikelytobe onitsbanks,andwhattypesofhumanactivitymaybefoundthere.Provide support,asneeded.Ifstudentshavedifficulty,youmaychoosetodemonstrate theprocessofdelineatingadrainagebasinononeriverandthenaskgroupsto completetheirown.StudentsmayhavedifficultywithriversinnorthernEurope thatflow“up”themap,ormaymistakenlybelievethatsouthisdownhill. 4.Havestudentspresenttheirworktotheclass. Haveeachgrouppresenttheirworkbyshowinganddescribingtheirbasinon theirmapandansweringquestionsfromclassmates. 5.Haveawhole-classdiscussionaboutphysicalfeatures,borders,and conflicts. 2of11 Conductawhole-classdiscussion.Remindstudentsthattheyexploredfour differentphysicalfeaturesinLesson3ofthisunit:rivers,mountains,vegetation, anddrainagebasins.Allofthesefeaturescrosscountrybordersindifferent waysacrossEurope.Ask:Whichborders,ifany,wouldmakesensetouseasa borderbetweencountries?Why?Encouragestudentstoconsiderthefollowing: Mountainsandsomeriversusedtoformnaturalbarriersbetweenpeople becausetheyweredifficulttocross.Ask:Isthatthecaseanymore?Whyor whynot? Becauseofhowwatermovesthroughdrainagebasins,countrieswithinthat basinwillbeaffectedbyeachother’swateruse,pollution,anduseofthe river.Ask:Howcancountriesbestcooperatetouseriversanddrainagebasins inawaythatbenefitseveryone?Whymightthisbedifficult? Differenttypesofnaturalvegetationofferdifferentresourcestothepeople wholivethere.Ask:Whatbenefitsmighttherebetohavingavarietyof differentvegetationtypesinthesamecountry?Whatproblemsmightthis cause? 6.Havestudentscompleteawritingassignment. DistributecopiesoftheworksheetARiver’sRoleintheHistoryofEuropeand themapNaturalVegetationofEuropetoeachstudent.Havestudentscomplete theworksheetbywritingabriefessay,eitherinclassorasahomework assignment. Modification HavetheclassworktogethertocompletetheworksheetMappingDrainage BasinsandRiversforeachriver:Rhine,Oder,Dnieper,Danube,Volga,and Pechora.Ifstudentshavedifficultydelineatingthebasins,usetheprovidedmap MajorDrainageBasinsinEuropeandonlyrequirestudentstoanswerthe questions. 3of11 InformalAssessment Havestudentstransferandapplytheirknowledgetoanothercontinent,suchas NorthAmerica,byfollowingthesamestepsonamap: tracingthelengthofariverfrombeginningtoend tracingtheareadefinedbysurroundingmountains shadingthedrainagebasin listingthecountries,states,territories,and/orprovinceswithinthebasin identifyingcountries,states,territories,and/orprovincesoutsidethebasin thatmaybelinkedtoitthroughtradeataport Ask:Howmightacitynearthemouthofariverandacity200milesinlandbe connectedbyariver? ExtendingtheLearning Studentscanusethemapsthattheydrewofdrainagebasinsasabasisto researchhowpeoplehavehandledsharingthewaterresourcesinaparticular area.Havestudentsconductresearchthatanswersthefollowingquestions: Whichcountrieshavebeenabletoworktogethertosharenaturalresources? Whichcountrieshaveencounteredconflictbecauseoftheintersection betweentheirbordersandphysicalfeatures? Whydoyouthinksomegroupscancooperatewhileotherscannot? O BJECTIVES Subjects&Disciplines Geography PhysicalGeography LanguageArts 4of11 Reading Writing(composition) Science Environmental LearningObjectives Studentswill: delineatemajordrainagebasinsinEurope explorehowcountrieswithinadrainagebasinareconnectedbytrade, transportation,andwateruse considerhowcountryborderscanintersectphysicalfeaturesindifferent waysanddiscusshowthisintersectioncanleadtocooperationorconflict TeachingApproach Learning-for-use TeachingMethods Cooperativelearning Discussions Hands-onlearning Reading Writing SkillsSummary Thisactivitytargetsthefollowingskills: 5of11 21stCenturyStudentOutcomes LearningandInnovationSkills CommunicationandCollaboration CriticalThinkingSkills Analyzing Understanding GeographicSkills AcquiringGeographicInformation AnalyzingGeographicInformation AnsweringGeographicQuestions OrganizingGeographicInformation NationalStandards,Principles,and Practices I RA / N C T E S TA N DA RDS F O R T H E E N G LI S H LA N G UA G E A RT S •Standard1: Studentsreadawiderangeofprintandnonprinttextstobuildanunderstanding oftexts,ofthemselves,andoftheculturesoftheUnitedStatesandtheworld; toacquirenewinformation;torespondtotheneedsanddemandsofsociety andtheworkplace;andforpersonalfulfillment.Amongthesetextsarefiction andnonfiction,classicandcontemporaryworks. •Standard5: Studentsemployawiderangeofstrategiesastheywriteandusedifferent writingprocesselementsappropriatelytocommunicatewithdifferent audiencesforavarietyofpurposes. N AT I O N A L G E O G RA P H Y S TA N DA RDS •Standard1: 6of11 Howtousemapsandothergeographicrepresentations,geospatial technologies,andspatialthinkingtounderstandandcommunicateinformation •Standard3: Howtoanalyzethespatialorganizationofpeople,places,andenvironmentson Earth'ssurface •Standard4: Thephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplaces •Standard7: ThephysicalprocessesthatshapethepatternsofEarth'ssurface I S T E S TA N DA RDS F O R S T U DE N T S (I S T E S TA N DA RDS *S ) •Standard2: CommunicationandCollaboration PREPARATIO N WhatYou’llNeed M AT E RI A LS YO U P RO V I DE Lesson3,Activity1readingpassage Pencils Pens RE Q U I RE D T E C H N O LO G Y InternetAccess:Optional TechSetup:1computerperclassroom,Projector P H Y S I C A L S PA C E Classroom 7of11 G RO U P I N G Large-groupinstruction Small-groupinstruction RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: H A N DO U T S & W O RK S H E E T S DrainageBasinsandHowRiversFlow MappingDrainageBasinsandRivers PhysicalMapofEurope CountryBordersinEurope MajorDrainageBasinsinEurope ARiver'sRoleintheHistoryofEurope NaturalVegetationofEurope BACKGRO U ND & VO CABU L ARY BackgroundInformation Adrainagebasin,orwatershed,isalandareafromwhichallprecipitationis drainedbyastreamsystemconsistingofasingle,ormain,streamandallits tributaries.Drainagebasinsserveasfunctionalregions.Individualdrainage basinsareseparatedbyhigherterrainordivides.Rivershaveanorganized channelflowfromsourcetomouth.Waterflowsdownasurfacegradientfrom highelevationstolowerelevations,independentlyofcardinaldirection.For example,theRhineRiverflowsfromitssourceintheAlpsdownstreamina generallynortherlydirectiontoitsmouthintheNorthSea.Thedrainagebasins ofmostEuropeanriverslieinmountainousareasthatreceiveheavy precipitation,includingsnow.Drainageisdirectly,orviatheBalticandthe Mediterraneanseas,totheAtlanticandArcticoceansandtotheenclosed CaspianSea. 8of11 Agentsoferosion,transportation,anddepositioncreatelandformswithina drainagebasin.Theyerodevalleys,createwaterfalls,meanderscars,oxbow lakes,naturallevees,floodplains,anddeltas.Theriverswithinawatershedmay havedifferentdegreesofflow,dependingprimarilyonthesourceandseasonal availabilityofwater.ThemajorriversofEurope—Rhine,Danube,Thames,and Seine—arepermanentorperennialrivers,existinginwell-wateredareasand flowingthroughouttheyear.Smallerriversmaybeseasonal,dependingon rainfall.Somesmallerriverbasinsmaybelocatedentirelywithinonecountry. MostofthemajorriverbasinsofEuropeexistwithinmorethanonecountry. TheDanubeRiveristhesecondlongestriverinEuropeaftertheVolgaRiverin Russia.ItssourceliesintheBlackForestmountainsofwesternGermany;it flowsforapproximately2,850kilometers(1,770miles)toitsmouthattheBlack Sea.Alongitscourse,theDanubepassesthroughninecountries:Germany, Austria,Slovakia,Hungary,Croatia,Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania,andUkraine. PriorKnowledge [] RecommendedPriorActivities None Vocabulary Term Partof Definition Speech border noun naturalorartificiallineseparatingtwopiecesofland. continent noun oneofthesevenmainlandmassesonEarth. country noun drainage basin noun geographicterritorywithadistinctname,flag,population, boundaries,andgovernment. anentireriversystemoranareadrainedbyariverand itstributaries.Alsocalledawatershed. 9of11 Term highlands Partof plural noun lowland noun mountain noun natural resource physical Definition Speech plateauorelevatedregionofland. slow-flowingriverecosystemusuallyfoundinlower altitudes. landmassthatformsastectonicplatesinteractwitheach other. amaterialthathumanstakefromthenatural noun environmenttosurvive,tosatisfytheirneeds,ortotrade withothers. noun naturallyoccurringgeographiccharacteristics. pollution noun introductionofharmfulmaterialsintotheenvironment. region noun river noun largestreamofflowingfreshwater. trade noun buying,selling,orexchangingofgoodsandservices. features anyareaonEarthwithoneormorecommon characteristics.Regionsarethebasicunitsofgeography. transportationnoun movementofpeopleorgoodsfromoneplacetoanother. tributary noun streamthatfeeds,orflows,intoalargerstream. watershed noun entireriversystemoranareadrainedbyariverandits tributaries. ForFurtherExploration Articles&Profiles NationalGeographicEducation:Europe—PhysicalGeography NationalGeographicEducation:Europe—Resources Maps NGMapMaker1-PageMap:Europe NationalGeographicEducation:EuropeMapMakerKit NGMapMakerInteractive:Europe 10of11 Websites NationalGeographicEducation:NationalTeacherLeadershipAcademy (NTLA) ©1996–2017NationalGeographicSociety.Allrightsreserved. 11of11