Download Respiratory System

Learning Module 4 – Respiratory System
Learning Component 2 ‐ Trachea
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Normal trachea (A‐C)
Lymphocytic tracheitis (D) is not etiology or disease specific, but is typical of a chronic tracheitis. Note mucus containing heterophils on surface and absence of cilia. Mucosa is expanded by diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes.
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Responses to injury include loss of cilia and epithelial hyperplasia (A‐B).
Atrophy of mucous glands and epithelial hyperplasia are shown in C and D. These changes are associated with chronic tracheitis.
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Epithelial Hyperplasia – Newcastle Disease
Lesions are not disease specific but are typical of those caused by viral infections, including Newcastle. Loss of cilia is patchy (multifocal.
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Increased thickness (expansion) of mucosa – Lymphocytic Infiltration – Infectious Bronchitis
Mycoplasma is a differential as this lesion is not disease specific.
Also have some epithelial hyperplasia and diffuse loss of cilia
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Lymphocytic Tracheitis – Infectious Bronchitis
Illustrated are both nodular and diffuse collections of lymphocytes that are expanding the mucosa.
Loss of cilia is generalized (diffuse).
Mycoplasma is a differential.
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Epithelial hyperplasia and expansion of lamina propria by lymphocytes are features suggestive of viral infection, but are not disease specific.
This is an example of chronic tracheitis.
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Epithelial hyperplasia and necrosis of epithelial cells are features of chronic tracheitis.
There is some loss of cilia, but patches still remain.
These lesions suggest a viral infection, but are not disease specific.
Lymphocytic infiltration is expanding the lamina propria.
Lesions suggest viral infection
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Epithelial necrosis with intralesional synctial cells and I/N inclusions are diagnostic for laryngotracheitis (LT).
Note fibrinoheterophilic exudate with excess mucus in tracheal lumen (A)
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Adenovirus with I/N inclusions in epithelial cells and loss of cilia.
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Pox lesions with hyperplasia, ballooning degeneration and I/C inclusions (C and D).
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Bordetella – Loss of cilia and bacteria associated with (intralesional) cilia (A ‐ C) are characteristic features.
Epithelial hyperplasia (D).
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Chronic Bordetella. Lesions include accumulation of caseous necrotic material in the tracheal lumen and necrosis of cartilage. The shape of the trachea is distorted. Intralesional bacteria are shown in C and D.
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Lymphocytic Tracheitis – Mycoplasmosis (MG in this case).
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Mycotic tracheitis with squamous metaplasia of the tracheal epithelium.
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Epithelial Hyperplasia – Cryptosporidiosis
Protozoal parasites are shown on the hyperplastic epithelium.
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Parasitic Tracheitis – Mites
This is Sternostoma tracheacolum.
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