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Koly speaks Hindi, which is one of many languages spoken in India. Here are definitions of some of the words you will find in Homeless Bird. Rabindranath Tagore (1861- 1941) was one of India's greatest poets. Tagore also wrote plays and stories, composed music, and worked for India's independence from Great Britain. In 1913 he received the Nobel Prize for literature. baap: father. bahus: daughter-in-law. bhagat: a practitioner of folk medicine. bhang: leaves and flowers of the hemp plant. Brahman: the highest Hindu caste. caste: a social rank or division into which Hindu society is divided. chapati: unleavened bread baked on a griddle. charpoy: a wooden bed frame laced with rope. choli: a short-sleeved blouse worn under a sari. chula: a stove of baked clay sometimes with a tin oven. dal (or dhal): a spiced sauce of pureed lentils. darshan: experiencing a religious feeling by being exposed to a sacred object or place such as the Ganges River. gataka: a person who arranges marriages. ghat: wide steps usually leading down to a river. ghee: butter that has been heated and had the milky substance poured off. 1 kameez: a long, loose shirt. kautuka: a yellow woolen thread worn by a bride around her wrist. kohl: -a powder used as an eyeliner and to darken the eyebrows. Krishna: a Hindu god. kurta pajama: a long shirt and loose pants. lassi: a drink made with yogurt and fruits and spices. Ice is often added. maa: mother. mantra: a word or phrase repeated or sung over and over, often as a religious devotion masala: a blend of spices such as cinnamon, saffron, cloves, peppercorns, and cumin ground together to flavor food. namaskar: a greeting accompanied by holding the palms together at chest level to greet equals and at the forehead for someone who is greatly honored. phul-khana: a traditional wedding veil. poori: bread that has been fried in hot oil until it puffs. It's often stuffed with vegetables and spices. puja: a Hindu ceremony of religious worship. Rama: a Hindu god. rupee: a unit of money; about 43 rupees are equal to today's American dollar. sadhu: a holy man. 2 salwar: loose slacks. samosa: a little turnover; samosas are made with a variety of fillings. sari: a length of cloth, traditionally 6 meters, wrapped to make a skirt and then draped over the shoulder and the head. sass: mother-in-law. sassur: father-in-law. shikanji: a drink of lime and ginger juice. sitar: a stringed instrument. tabla: a set of two drums. tali: a tray. tikka mark: a round vermilion mark painted on the forehead, symbol of the third eye of wisdom; also a kind of beauty mark. The Vedas: the Hindu sacred writings. wallah: a person who is in charge; often someone who has something for sale. 3 Other words to know by chapter: Chapter 1 Tremble- verb to shake Dowry- noun- an amount of money or property given in some societies by a bride's family to her bridegroom or his family when she marries Muslin- noun- a thin plain-weave cotton cloth Lotus- noun - a water lily with large leaves, regarded as sacred Tamarind- noun- a tropical ever green with hard wood Auspicious- adjective- marked by lucky signs or good omens, with a promise of success or happiness Bullocks- noun- a young bull Unruly- adjective- difficult to control Turmeric- noun- a bright yellow spice Vermillion- noun- a red pigment Rouge- noun- a red power used on cheeks to create a healthy glow Sitar- noun- a South Asian stringed instrument Garland- noun- flower wreath Tassels- and Tinsel- nouns- bunches of loose parallel threads that are tied together at one end and used as a decoration, for example on curtains, cushions, or clothes Cumin- noun- the aromatic seeds of a plant of the carrot family, used whole or ground as a spice. Curries- noun- a dish containing meat, fish, or vegetables in a highly spiced sauce (curry) 4 Chapter 2 Neem- noun- a tall evergreen tree grown for its bark, resin, and seed oil, which have medicinal and insecticidal properties Sullen- adjective- sad and serious, possibly pouting Lentils- noun- bean like seeds that are high in protein Pyres- noun - a pile of burning material, especially a pile of wood on which a dead body is ceremonially cremated Solemn- adjective- serious Tuberculosis- noun - an infectious (bacterial) disease that causes small rounded swellings tubercles to form on mucous membranes, especially affecting the lungs Chapter 3 Inauspicious- adjective- promising failure or bad luck Alms- noun- charitable donations Rickshaw- noun- a small three-wheeled vehicle, like a tricycle with a seat at the back for passengers, that is driven by somebody sitting at the front and pedaling Tongas- noun- a light horse-drawn carriage available for hire Shrine- noun- a holy place of worship Camphor- noun- a strong smelling chemical compound that has antiseptic qualities Pilgrimage- noun- a religious journey Saffron- noun- the deep orange-colored stigmas of a type of crocus, sometimes ground to a powder Pilgrims- noun - somebody who goes on a journey to a holy place for religious reasons Widow- noun- a women whose husband has died 5 Chapter 4 Bandicoot- noun- a marsupial that has a long nose, strong hind legs, and a long tail and eats mainly insects and plant Winnowing- verb- to remove chaff from grain Chaff- noun- seed coverings Monsoon- noun- rainy season with heavy rain and strong winds Impudent- adjective- rude Pension- noun- a sum of money provided by the government to citizens Chapter 5 Astrologer- noun- someone who studies of the positions of the Moon, Sun, and other planets in the belief that their motions affect human beings; they often make predictions about peoples’ lives through horoscopes Bazaar- noun- street market Chapter 6 Veranda- noun- a porch, usually with a roof, that is attached to the outside wall of a building Shrouded- adjective- covered Mynah bird- noun - a bird of the starling family, some species of which are known for their ability to mimic human speech 6 Chapter 7 Insolent – adjective- disrespectful Chapter 8 Piety- noun- religious devotion Quizzical- adjective- questioning or puzzling Inconspicuous- adjective- not obvious Chapter 9 Glowered- verb- to glare or to look at somebody or something with sullen anger or strong resentment Peepul- noun- tree Unadorned- adjective- decorated Gaudy- adjective- brightly colored or showily decorated to an unpleasant or vulgar degree Pious- adjective- deeply religious Chapter 10 Shrew- noun- an offensive term for a woman who is regarded as quarrelsome, nagging, or illtempered ( real definition- a small nocturnal animal that resembles a mouse with velvety fur, a long pointed snout, and small eyes and ears) Intricate- adjective- detailed; containing small parts that are combined in a particularly complex or skillful way Indignant- adjective- angry Chapter 11 Fertile- adjective- richness of nutrients from growing crops 7