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BIOLOGY 11 FINAL EXAM REVIEW UNIT I: SCIENTIFIC SKILLS UNIT III: MICROBIOLOGY 1. Scientific Method Know the 6 steps of Scientific Method Terms: control group, experimental group, hypothesis 2. Taxonomy (Ch. 18) How are organisms classified? Define taxonomy List the 7 taxa in order Define Species Use binomial nomenclature to describe organisms What are the three domains and what makes them different? What are the six kingdoms of living things? What are the basic characteristics of each kingdom? See Figure 18-12 on P. 459 1. General Cell structures & functions Know microscope formulae: actual size and drawing magnification. Do NOT need to memorize field diameters. Differentiate between eukaryote & prokaryote Differentiate between plant & animal cells 2. Viruses (Chapter 19) Describe the basic structure of a virus (bacteriophage diagram, p. 479) Define bacteriophage How do viruses reproduce? Compare & contrast lytic and lysogenic cycles (diagrams p. 481) Define retrovirus Why are viruses sometimes considered living? Nonliving? 3. Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria) (Chapter 19) Describe the characteristics of these two Kingdoms and similarities/differences What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? How do bacteria reproduce? Define & understand the following terms: Phototroph Heterotroph Obligate aerobe Fermentation Binary fission Autotroph Chemotroph Objligate anaerobe Facultative anaerobe Conjugation Pathogen Antibiotic Vacine UNIT II: EVOLUTION 1. DNA (Chapter 12) Describe the structure of DNA – complementary base pairing, nucleotide, be able to label diagram Identify roles of DNA in evolution DNA replication, transcription & translation Understand the role of mutation and sexual reproduction in evolution 2. Evolution (Ch. 15) Fossils Comparative embryology Vestigial Structures Homologous Structures Biochemical Similarities Lamarck – 3 incorrect assumptions (“Laws”) Darwin: Theory of Natural Selection Define & understand the following terms: Survival of the fittest Speciation Divergent and Convergent Evolution Fitness Genetic Drift Adaptation Mass extinction Analogous & Homologous Structures Niche Reproductive Isolation Artificial selection Punctuated Equilibrium versus Gradualism UNIT IV: PROTISTS, FUNGI & PLANTS 4. Protists (Kingdom Protista) Chapter 20 Describe the general characteristics of protists Describe the parasitic protists such as plasmodium & trypanosoma How are protists classified? Know the basic structures and functions of: Ameba, Euglena, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, and Paramecium BIOLOGY 11 FINAL EXAM REVIEW Compare and contrast zooplankton and phytoplankton What is red tide? 5. Fungi (Kingdom Fungi) (Chapter 21) Describe the general characteristics of fungi Describe the basic structure of fungi What are lichens? Define and understand the following terms: Hyphae Mycelium Fruiting Body Rhizoids Mycorrhizae 5. Plants (Kingdom Plantae) Chapter 22 Describe the general characteristics of plants What are the four major groups in the plant kingdom and what are their characteristics How do the different groups reproduce? Define and understand the following terms: Sporophyte Gametophyte Xylem Phloem Monocots Dicots Pollination Seed Fruit Germination What are the adaptations made by gymnosperms and angiosperms that make them successful? Be able to identify the structure of a typical flower (P. 612) UNIT V: ANIMALS 1. Identify characteristics that unify all animals: 2. Define and understand the following: Anterior Ventral Cephalization Bilateral & Radial symmetry Ganglia Posterior Dorsal Hermaphrodite 3. Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates 4. See Figure 29-5 on P. 748 5. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) (Chapter 26-2) Explain the process of filter feeding in sponges Define: spicules, collar cells, amebocytes, central cavity, osculum 6. Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, etc) (Chapter 26-3) Define & understand the following terms: Polyp Medusa Nematocysts Gemmules Budding How do Cnidarians reproduce? 7. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) (Chapter 27-1) Describe the characteristics that unify this phylum Know the life cycle of a tapeworm Describe the characteristics and representatives of the three classes of flatworms What is a parasite? How are some flatworms adapted to a parasitic lifestyle? 8. Phylum Nematoda (Unsegmented Roundworms) (Chapter 27-2) Describe the characteristics that unify this phylum 9. Phylum Annelida (Chapter 27-3) What are the characteristics that unify this phylum? Know the structures and functions of the earthworm (P. 697, lab) 10. Phylum Mollusca (Chapter 27-4) What are the characteristics that unify this phylum? Describe the three classes of mollusks discussed in class and name representatives of each 11. Phylum Arthropoda (Chapter 28) Describe the characteristics that unify this phylum? What is molting? Why does it occur? What are the four subphyla of arthropods? What are the characteristics of each? What Class is in each Subphylum? Define and understand: exoskeleton, chitin, tracheal tubes, spiricles, Book lungs and gills, Malpighian tubules, cephalothorax, abdomen, mandible, chelierae, pedipalps. Differentiate between complete & incomplete metamorphosis. How do social and non-social insects communicate? 12. Phylum Echinodermata (Chapter 28) What characteristics unify this phylum? Define: water vascular system, tube feet, madreporite, ring canal UNIT VI: VERTEBRATES The Rat – know the organs and their function. Be able to answer any of the questions from the lab.