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Name: ______________________________ Session Name & Dates: _______________ “Rocks” Trip Survey Put the letter of the best answer on the line next to the question. ___ 1. The three general categories of rock are: A. igneous, sedimentary, organic C. igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic B. sedimentary, clastic, volcanic D. metamorphic, clastic, volcanic ___ 2. The majority of the rock that makes up the southern Appalachians is _______________. A. sedimentary and clastic B. metamorphic and igneous C. igneous and sedimentary D. metamorphic and sedimentary ___ 3. A relatively “young” valley will have a “v-shaped” cross section. A. true B. false ___ 4. The two types of mountain-forming processes are __________________. A. diastrophism and volcanism B. diastrophism and folding C. folding and fautling D. folding and warping ___ 5. Regions of the earth’s crust that exhibit “up-folded strata” are called _________________. A. synclines B. reclines C. anticlines D. recumbent folds ___ 6. Lichens are a symbiotic association between _______________________________. A. a fungus and a bacteria B. a fungus and a plant C. a plant and an algae D. a fungus and an algae ___ 7. Lichens are used as a bioindicator of ________________________. A. air quality B. water quality C. soil chemistry D. forest health ___ 8. Which of the following is not a category of lichen? A. crustose B. foliose C. verticose D. fruticose ___ 9. Plants growing more horizontal than vertical in response to harsh environments is known as the_____________. A. Waldsterbun Effect B. Krum Holtz Effect C. Verstagen Effect D. Walst Vergan Effect ___ 10. The primary pollutants that cause acid deposition are ____________. A. SOx and O3 B. HCl and SO2 C. SO2 and FeO2 D. SO2 and NOx ___ 11. In ecological sampling, replication is necessary to: A. determine bias B. determine sampling error C. determine the maximum value D. determine accuracy ___ 12. Which of the following statement is true of the pH scale? A. a pH of 6 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 4 C. a pH of 6 is 10 times less acidic than a pH of 4 Pre-Trip Post-Trip B. a pH of 6 is 100 times more acidic than a pH of 4 D. a pH of 6 is 100 times less acidic than a pH of 4 “Rocks” Trip Survey Page | 1 ___ 13. Lichens play a key role in primary succession by ________________________. A. establishing soil B. Securing nutrients from the air C. releasing minerals from rocks D. all of the above ___ 14. Lichens are typically named after _________________________. A. the fungal component B. the algal component C. both the fungus and the algae D. neither the fungus nor the algae ___ 15. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock? A. sandstone B. graphite C. gneiss D. granite ___ 16. Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock? A. sandstone B. graphite C. gneiss D. granite ___ 17. Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock? A. sandstone B. graphite C. gneiss D. granite ___ 18. The metamorphic form of granite is: A. sandstone C. gneiss B. graphite D. quartz ___ 19. The chemical formula for quartz is: A. SiO2 C. FeO2 B. ALO3 D. MgO3 ___ 20. Which of the following is a federally endangered species of lichen? A. rock leaf lichen B. rock gnome lichen C. dwarf rock lichen D. dwarf gnome lichen ___ 21. Using tree growth rings to study past climate is called ___________________________. A. dendro-ecology B. paleo-climatology C. dendro-climatology D. paleo-ecology ___ 22. Coniferous cones that require heat to open are called ______________________. A. serotinous B. meromictic C. denticulate D. plagiolithic ___ 23. Which of the following rock types is most likely to undergo chemical erosion? A. granite B. gneiss C. pegmatite D. limestone ___ 24. A large body of intrusive igneous rock is called a _____________________. A. pegmatite B. pluton C. shelf D. escarpment ___ 25. The process of rock sediments being compacted and “glued” together is called ____________________. A. compaction B. stratification C. siltation D. lithification Pre-Trip Post-Trip “Rocks” Trip Survey Page | 2