Download B.4B Cellular Processes

B.4B Cellular Processes
Picture Vocabulary
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
homeostasis
The process of maintaining a
constant state of balance
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
cell membrane
Cell part surrounding the cytoplasm and is
also a barrier between the inside and the
outside; regulates what enters and leaves the
cell in order to maintain homeostasis
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration;
does not require energy. The particles will
continue to move until they are evenly dispersed.
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
osmosis
The diffusion of water across a
membrane
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
hypotonic solution
A solution in which the solute outside the
cell is lower than the solute inside the cell
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
hypertonic solution
A solution in which the solute is higher
than the solute inside of the cell
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
isotonic solution
A solution in which the solute is
equal to the solute inside of the cell
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
facilitative diffusion
Process of transporting substances across the cell
membrane with the help of a carrier protein and a
concentration gradient; does not require the use of
energy
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
active transport
The movement of substances across the
membrane that requires the use of energy;
moves against the concentration gradient
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
photosynthesis
The process in which autotrophic cells
convert light energy into chemical
energy in the form of glucose
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
cellular respiration (cell respiration)
The process in which cells convert the
chemical energy from glucose into the
energy storage molecule of ATP
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A molecule that stores the energy
that powers the cells
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
nucleotide
The monomer of nucleic acids;
composed of phosphate, sugar, and
nitrogenous bases
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
codon
Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mRNA that
code for an amino acid
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
nucleic acid
A biomolecule composed of nucleotides
and carries the genetic information of an
organism
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
hydrolysis
The chemical process in which
water molecules are added to break
the bonds of a polymer
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
ribosome
Responsible for protein synthesis; part of
cell that contains RNA; consists of proteins
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
amino acid
Molecule that contains an amine group, a carboxylic
acid group, and a side chain specific to each amino acid
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
protein
A biomolecule composed of amino
acids connected by peptide bonds
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle where synthesis of new lipid or
protein molecules occurs; may be rough or
smooth
© 2011
Rice University – All Rights Reserved
metabolism
All of the physical and chemical
processes that occur within an
organism
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
concentration gradient
A difference in the amount of substance on
two sides of a barrier
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
osmotic pressure
The pressure produced as water flows
through a semi-permeable membrane
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
passive transport
Movement across a cell membrane without
using energy
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
semi-permeable (selectively
permeable)
Allowing only some materials to pass
through a membrane
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
turgor pressure
The pressure inside a cell that is exerted
against the cell wall by water
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
exocytosis
Cellular excretion
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved
mitochondrion (mitochondria)
Organelle where energy is produced during
cellular respiration; the power house of the
cell
© 2011
Rice University – All Rights Reserved
organelle
A structure within a cell
© 2012
Rice University - All Rights Reserved