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Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Life Cycle of Stars THE BEGINNING AND END OF STARS _____ 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about stars? a. A star begins its life as a ball of gas and dust. b. As stars get older, they lose some of their material. c. Stars last forever. d. New stars form from the material of old stars. 2. During a star’s life cycle, hydrogen changes to helium in a process called ______________________. 3. When a star dies, either gradually or in a big explosion, much of its material returns to ______________________. DIFFERENT TYPES OF STARS _____ 4. All of the following characteristics are used to classify stars EXCEPT a. age. c. brightness. b. name. d. temperature. _____ 5. Which one of the following is NOT true about stars? a. A star goes through many changes during its life cycle. b. A star can become a different type of star as it gets older. c. A star can be classified as more than one type of star during its life cycle. d. A star does not change during its life cycle. Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 6. small, hot star in final stage of its life cycle _____ 7. star in second and longest stage of its life cycle a. red giant star b. white dwarf star c. main-sequence star _____ 8. large, cool star in third stage of its life cycle Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 5 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading A continued 9. Explain how energy is generated in the core of a star during the second stage of its life cycle. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10. Explain what happens during the third stage of a star’s life cycle as the star uses up all of its hydrogen. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 11. Explain the final stage of a star’s life cycle by describing what happens once a star has lost all of its hydrogen. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ A TOOL FOR STUDYING STARS _____ 12. The H-R diagram shows the relationship of a star’s temperature to its a. brightness. c. size. b. color. d. age. _____ 13. On what part of the H-R diagram would you find the majority of the main-sequence stars? a. top half c. middle b. bottom half d. far corners 14. According to the H-R diagram, the star Canopus has a temperature of about ______________________ and an absolute magnitude of ______________________. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 6 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading A continued Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 15. top of modern H-R diagram _____ 16. bottom of modern H-R diagram _____ 17. right side of modern H-R diagram a. b. c. d. hot (blue) stars bright stars cool (red) stars dim stars _____ 18. left side of modern H-R diagram 19. Place these stars in order from earliest in life cycle to oldest in life cycle: red giant, white dwarf, main-sequence star. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 20. As they age, ______________________ stars move up and to the right on an H-R diagram. Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 21. stars with low mass, low temperature, and low absolute magnitude _____ 22. small hot stars that are dimmer than the sun _____ 23. high-temperature stars that quickly use up their hydrogen a. b. c. d. e. massive blue stars white dwarf stars main-sequence stars red dwarf stars red giant stars _____ 24. cool stars with absolute magnitude _____ 25. stars in the band that runs along the middle of the H-R diagram Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 7 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading A continued WHEN STARS GET OLD _____ 26. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of supernovas? a. They are explosions in which a massive star collapses. b. They are explosions that occur at the beginning of a star’s life. c. They can be brighter than an entire galaxy for several days. d. They are explosions in which a star throws its outer layers into space. 27. A star that has collapsed under gravity is called a(n) ______________________. 28. A rapidly spinning neutron star is called a(n) ______________________. 29. An object so massive that light cannot escape its gravity is a ______________________. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 8 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe