Download 1 GS104 Lab Quiz 2 Study Guide - Taylor Sections Use your lecture

GS104 Lab Quiz 2 Study Guide - Taylor Sections
Use your lecture notes, labs, and lab answer keys to study for Lab Quiz 2. Also use other notes on this web site
as needed.
PART 1 - PLATE TECTONICS
Key Words to Know
lithosphere
asthenosphere
plate boundary types
convergent
divergent
transform
volcano
earthquake
fault
seamount
subduction zone
Cascadia subduction zone
Cascade volcanic arc
San Andreas Fault
Hot spot
Hawaiian Hot Spot
Key Skills to Know
- Determine the amount of rock offset along a fault, given a geologic map
- Determine the rate of fault motion (in cm/yr, in/yr)
- Determine the directions of plate motion from tectonic maps and cross-sections
- Determine the rate of plate motion from tectonic maps / hot spot tracks (cm/yr, in/yr).
- Be able to associate volcanoes, earthquakes, hot spots with specific types of plate boundaries
PART 2 - MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
Key Words to Know
color
streak
luster
density
hardness
crystal form
cleavage
fracture
salty taste
HCl/ fizz test
magnetism
hardness test
finger nail - 2.2
nail - 6.0
penny - 3.5
glass - 5.5.
cleavage types
1 direction (sheets)
3 directions (cubes, 90)
3 directions (rhomb)
fracture
conchoidal / glassy
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Luster
metallic
non-metallic
streak vs. color
Key Skills to Know
- determine the density of a mineral given mass and volume
- identify the number of cleavage directions in a mineral
- identify the composition of a mineral if it fizzes with HCl
-identify the mineral name if it is magnetic
- be able to use your mineral i.d. charts to come up with a mineral name
PART 3 - ROCK IDENTIFICATION
Key Terms to Know
Igneous Rock - formed from the cooling of magma (intrusive) or lava (extrusive)
Extrusive igneous rock = lava cools to form rock, via volcanic eruption
fast cooling, small / microscopic crystals
Intrusive igneous rock = magma cools to form rock, beneath Earth's surface
slow cooling, large mineral crystals
Porphyritic igneous rock = large mineral crystals floating in micro-crystalline matrix
implies 2-phase cooling history, first slow (intrusive), then fast (extrusive)
Vesicular Volcanic rock = volcanic rock with numerous vesicles (holes) in it
texture results from rapid gas escape from lava as it cools
Volcanic Glass (obsidian) = implies very rapid cooling of lava, for example quenching in water (in a lake or on
seafloor)
Sedimentary Rock - formed from the lithification (cementation, compaction) of sediment
Clastic (Fragmental) Sedimentary Rock - rock made up of sediment fragments (e.g. cemented sand,
gravel or mud)
Chemical Sedimentary Rock - rock formed by chemical precipitation from water (e.g. salt deposits /
evaporated lake water)
Limestone - rock made up of calcite (calcium carbonate)... it fizzes with a drop of HCl. Marine shells are also
commonly made up of calcium carbonate (they also fizz).
Metamorphic Rock- formed from the physical (heating and pressure) and chemical (chemically active fluids)
alteration of pre-existing rock
Foliated Metamorphic rock = color banded (mineral bands) or wavy layers
Non-Foliated Metamorphic rock = no color banding or wavy layers, commonly looks like recrystallized sugar
Key Skills to Know
- can you describe and write the above definitions when seeing them associated with an actual rock sample?
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