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N ATIONAL 5
E LECTRICITY AND E NERGY
You need to know:
✓?✘
That there are two types of charge; positive and negative
That like charges repel each other
That unlike charges attract one another
The simple model of an atom
That in an electric field a charged object will experience a
force
How to use the Q = It formula
That electrons are free to move in a conductor
The difference between conductors and insulators
Example conductors and insulators
How to explain current in terms of moving charges
That voltage is the energy per unit of charge
What the circuit symbols, functions and applications of the
following are: Cell, battery, resistor, variable resistor, fuse,
switch, lamp, ammeter, voltmeter, LED, LDR, thermistor,
transistor.
Weather ammeters and voltmeters are connected in series
or parallel and how to add them into a circuit diagram
How to use Ohm’s Law (the V = IR formula)
That the resistance of a resistor can change if its
temperature changes
That in a series circuit the current is the same at all points
in the circuit
✓?✘
That all the voltages in a series circuit add up to the supply
voltage
That the currents in a parallel circuit add up to the supply
current
That the voltage across each ‘branch’ of a parallel circuit is
the same as the supply voltage
How to calculate the total resistance of series and parallel
crcuits (the RT = R1 +R2 and 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2
formulae)
The energy transformations in common electrical
components
That the resistance of a thermistor decreases as
temperature increases
That the resistance of an LDR decreases as the intensity of
light increases
That an LED will only light if connected a certain way
round in a circuit
That transistor can be used as a switch
How to use the P = E/t formula
How to use the P = IV formula
How to use the P = IR2 formula
How to use the P = V2/R formula
That energy is conserved
How to use the Ek = 1/2 mv2 formula
How to use the Ep = mgh formula
That temperature is a measure of the mean kinetic energy
of the particles in a substance
The difference between temperature and heat
✓?✘
That different materials require different amounts of heat
energy to raise the temperature of the same amount of
mass
How to use the Eh = cmΔT formula
That pressure is the force per unit area
How the kinetic model of a gas explains the pressure of a
gas
How the kinetic model of a gas explains the relationship
between pressure, temperature and volume
How to convert temperatures between celsius and kelvin
How to use the PV/T = constant formula
W AVES AND R ADIATION
You need to know:
✓?✘
Waves transfer energy
How to calculate frequency, period, wavelength or amplitude
of a wave from a trace of the wave
How to use the d=vt formula for waves
How to use the v=fλ formula
How to use the T=1/f formula
What diffraction is
The parts of the EM spectrum (in order) and a source,
detector and application of each
The energy of EM radiation increases as frequency increases
All types of EM radiation travel at the speed of light
The speed of light in air/vacuum = 3×108ms–1
What the law of reflection is
What the law of refraction is
Explain refraction in terms of wave speed
What alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are
That radiation can be absorbed by the material it is travelling
through
How easily absorbed each type of radiation is and what
materials will absorb most/all of each type of radiation
What ionisation is
Which types of radiation are the most and least ionising
A way to detect radiation
That radiation can kill living cells or change their nature
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What absorbed dose is and what it is measured in
How to use the D = E/m formula
What the radiation weighting factor is
What equivalent dose is and what it is measured in
How to use the H = Dwr formula
That is risk of biological harm depends on absorbed dose,
type of radiation and the part of the body exposed
What causes background radiation
What safety precautions should be taken when handling
radioactive sources
What the radioactive hazard sign looks like
How to reduce the exposure to radiation (by using shielding,
limiting time exposed and increasing the distance from the
source)
That radiation can be used to sterilise medical equipment
A use of radiation (other than sterilisation)
What is meant by the activity of a source
What half life is
How to do half life calculations
What nuclear fission and fusion are and how they can be used
D YNAMICS AND S PACE
You need to know:
✓?✘
The difference between a scalar and a vector
Whether a quantity is a vector or a scalar
How to work out a resultant vector
The difference between distance and displacement
How to calculate displacement
How to calculate velocity
How to draw a velocity time graph
How to describe the motion of an object from its speed time
graph
How to calculate displacement from a velocity time graph
How to use the a=(v–u)/t formula
How to calculate acceleration from a velocity time graph
Newton’s First Law and its implications
Newton’s Second Law and how to use the F=ma formula
What Work Done is and how to use the Ew=Fd formula
The difference between mass and weight
How to use the W=mg formula and how it relates to F=ma
Newton’s Third Law and its implications
What free fall and terminal velocity are
How to explain projectile motion
How to do calculations involving horizontally launched
projectiles
How to explain orbital motion (in terms of projectiles)
What evidence there is for the Big Bang
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The impact of space exploration
The benefits of space exploration
What Latent Heat is
How to use the Eh=ml formula
How to use the various energy formulae and the conservation of
energy to do calculations regarding re–entry
What a light year is
How to calculate the number of meters in a light year
The age of the Universe
How the Universe formed (The Big Bang)
How different parts of the EM spectrum can be used to give
information on astronomical objects and phenomena
How to identify continuous and line spectra
How to identify individual elements in the spectra of a star