Download Chapter 1 combined

Chapter 1 combined
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. What do scientists do to determine if their results support their hypothesis?
a. measure their evidence
c. ask new questions
b. change investigations
d. draw conclusions
2. What model is used to show objects that are too small or too large to see completely?
a. a physical model
c. a conceptual model
b. a mathematical model
d. a climate model
3. The basic unit for mass is the
a. kilogram.
c. cubic meter.
b. metric ton.
d. meter.
4. What should you do during any science investigation?
a. Make predictions.
c. Follow safety rules.
b. Change your questions.
d. Memorize the lab procedures.
5. After the results of an investigation are shared, scientists
a. review how the scientific methods were used.
b. evaluate the evidence used.
c. question the reasoning behind the explanations.
d. All of the above
6. What do astronomers study?
a. bodies in space
c. bacteria in water
b. elements in fossils
d. weather on Earth
7. How do scientists begin to learn about the natural world?
a. They make scientific laws.
c. They decide facts.
b. They draw conclusions.
d. They ask questions.
8. Why do some investigations continue after the results of the investigation are accepted?
a. There results are facts.
c. There is no new evidence.
b. There are no new questions.
d. There is new evidence.
9. What model can be used for objects that are hard to see completely?
a. a physical model
c. a telescopic model
b. a mathematical model
d. a conceptual model
10. What is the measure of how much surface an object has?
a. mass
c. region
b. volume
d. area
11. A controlled experiment
a. tests several different factors at one time.
b. has several control groups.
c. has more control groups than experimental groups.
d. has only one variable.
12. Which tool would a life scientist use to obtain a detailed image of the blood vessels in a person’s leg?
a. a scanning electron microscope
c. a transmission electron microscope
b. a compound light microscope
d. an MRI
13. Which tool has a tube with lenses, a stage, and a light?
a. a scanning electron microscope
c. a transmission electron microscope
b. a compound light microscope
d. an MRI
____ 14. Which of these is NOT a type of scientific model?
a. mathematical model
c. fashion model
b. physical model
d. conceptual model
____ 15. What does all matter have, whether it is moving or still?
a. energy
c. life
b. motion
d. parts
____ 16. Early scientists thought the shapes of birds’ wings helped birds fly. In their first experiments, they made
wings the same thickness and shape from front to back. This didn’t work. What might these scientists have
done after they analyzed their results?
a. given up on the hypothesis
c. taken a vacation
b. stopped conducting tests
d. designed new wing shapes
____ 17. What is physical science mainly about?
a. the relationship between matter and energy
b. the relationship between matter and light
c. the relationship between molecules and matter
d. the relationship between light and energy
____ 18. What are the two main branches of physical science?
a. chemistry and biology
c. geology and chemistry
b. biology and physics
d. chemistry and physics
____ 19. In science, what is a scientific theory?
a. the first idea to explain an observation
b. the best idea to explain a hypothesis
c. an explanation for many hypotheses and observations
d. an explanation for many questions and answers
____ 20. What is a scientific law?
a. the final answer to a scientific question
b. a scientific statement of how something works, not why
c. an explanation of many experimental results and observations
d. an explanation of hypotheses, results, and observations
____ 21. What is the basic unit of length that a scientist is likely to use?
a. foot
c. meter
b. micrometer
d. inch
____ 22. What kinds of scientists use their knowledge of heat, force, and chemistry to understand how rocks and soil
have changed over millions of years?
a. meteorologists
c. biologists
b. geochemists
d. chemists
____ 23. Why is the International System of Units important?
a. oldest system, used by most scientists
b. oldest system, confidential
c. easy to use, confidential
d. easy to use, used by most scientists
____ 24. How can organizing data into tables and graphs help scientists analyze their data?
a. by speeding up the collection of data
b. by making relationships easier to see
c. by adding color to their Web site
d. by increasing efficiency
____ 25. What is physics?
a. the study of energy and how it affects matter
b. the study of how matter behaves and changes
c. the study of how it affects energy
d. the study of matter and how energy has no effect
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement with the words from the word bank above them.
astronomer
model
conceptual model
density
mathematical model
oceanographer
physical model
26. A person who is concerned about conservation and protecting the natural resources in the oceans might
consider a career as a(n) ______________________________.
27. A radio telescope can be used by a(n) ____________________ to study objects that are far away.
28. Architects often construct a(n) _________________________ that shows what a building will look like once
it is constructed.
29. When scientists learned that the Earth was actually shaped like a sphere, the ____________________ of the
Earth changed.
30. If you divide the mass of a substance by its volume, you can find its ____________________.
31. Word Bank
area
Celcius
Fahrenheit
geology
volume
31. The study of fossils, the study of earthquakes, and the study of volcanoes all fall under the branch of
Earth science called ____________________.
32. To determine how many rocks can fit into a large box, the ____________________ of both the rocks and the
box must be calculated.
33. A person has a fever if his or her body temperature rises above 98.6 ____________________.
34. A room that is 170 square feet has a larger ____________________ than a room that is 150 square feet.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
meters
mathematical model
physical geographer
hypothesis
mass
liters
area
conceptual model
geologist
35. You can use kilograms to measure the ____________________ of a boulder.
36. Computers must be used to process large amounts of data in a type of __________________________ called
a climate model.
37. A scientist tests a ____________________ by gathering data.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
computer
ecologist
geochemistry
seismologist
geology
38. The study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth is ____________________.
39. A person who studies earthquakes is a(n) ____________________.
40. An Earth science that mixes geology and chemistry is ____________________.
41. If a life scientist collects 572 measurements of plants from an experiment, the best tool for analyzing this data
would be ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
conceptual model
physical model
mathematical model
hypothesis
law
theory
chemistry
temperature
42. The “big bang” theory is a type of ____________________.
43. The statement, “gravity is the attractive force between objects,” is a scientific ____________________.
44. In science, ____________________ is an explanation for a phenomenon based on observation and
experimental results.
45. The measure of how hot or cold an object is the ____________________.
Problem
Use the table below to answer the following question.
46. A scientist collected the following data from an experiment on flowering plants. Analyze the scientist’s
results and determine what conclusions could be drawn. Write what you think the chart is telling you.
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Use the graph below to answer the following questions.
47. What question did the scientists who collected this data want to answer?
a. Are there more earthworms in the soil in the spring or in the fall?
b. What is the effect of plowing soil on the number of earthworms?
c. How is the size of earthworms affected by the seasons?
d. Does plowing soil affect how fast earthworms grow?
48. Where and when were the most earthworms found?
a. unplowed soil, spring 1995
c. unplowed soil, fall 1995
b. unplowed soil, fall 1994
d. plowed soil, spring 1994
49. What do the data in this graph show?
a. Unplowed soil has more earthworms than plowed soil.
b. Plowed soil has more earthworms than unplowed soil.
c. Plowing of soil has no effect on the number of earthworms.
d. The number of earthworms cannot be predicted.
Use the graph below to answer the following question.
50. The most likely conclusion to be drawn from the experimental results shown in the graph is that
a. the heart rate is never stable.
b. only emotions affect the heart rate.
c. the heart rate changes only when emotions change.
d. the heart rate increases with rising anxiety.
Chapter 1 combined
Answer Section
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COMPLETION
26. ANS: chemical oceanographer
DIF: 3
27. ANS: astronomer
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
28. ANS: physical model
OBJ: 1
DIF: 2
29. ANS: model
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
DIF: 2
30. ANS: density
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
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DIF: 1
31. ANS: geology
REF: 4
OBJ: 2
DIF: 1
32. ANS: volume
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
DIF: 1
33. ANS: Fahrenheit
REF: 4
OBJ: 2
DIF: 1
34. ANS: area
REF: 4
OBJ: 3
DIF: 2
35. ANS: mass
REF: 4
OBJ: 2
DIF: 2
REF: 4
36. ANS: mathematical model
OBJ: 2
DIF: 2
37. ANS: hypothesis
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
DIF: 2
38. ANS: geology
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
DIF: 1
39. ANS: seismologist
REF: 1
OBJ: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
40. ANS: geochemistry
OBJ: 1
DIF: 1
41. ANS: a computer
REF: 1
OBJ: 2
DIF: 1
REF: 4
42. ANS: conceptual model
OBJ: 1
DIF: 1
43. ANS: law
REF: 3
OBJ: 2
DIF: 1
44. ANS: theory
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
DIF: 1
45. ANS: temperature
REF: 3
OBJ: 3
REF: 4
OBJ: 3
DIF: 1
PROBLEM
46. ANS:
Answers will vary. Sample answer: Plant A produces the most flowers with 16 hours of light and Plant B
produces the most flowers with 10 hours of light. Different kinds of plants need different day lengths in order
to produce flowers.
DIF: 3
47. ANS:
B
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
DIF: 3
48. ANS:
A
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
DIF: 3
49. ANS:
A
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
DIF: 3
50. ANS:
D
REF: 2
OBJ: 3
DIF: 1
REF: 2
OBJ: 3