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World War II Causes of WWII 1. Problems from the Treaty of Versailles Germany’s resentment from the Treaty o High reparations $33 billion ($402 billion today) o Forbidden to have a military o Lost territories Japan felt excluded from the treaty negotiations and wanted to prove their power. 2. World Wide Depression Germany’s economy never recovered after WWI US Depression had global impacts o High tariffs limited trade Massive unemployment Germany began printing more money, so the value of money went down (this is called inflation) 3. Rise of Fascism a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator Germany Italy Japan Dictators of these countries became known as the Axis Powers FASCISM 4. Appeasement = giving in to Hitler’s actions to avoid war The United States and other European countries did not want to get involved in other government’s disputes because of the Great Depression and the legacy of WWI Major Leaders of World War II – Allied Powers Franklin D. Roosevelt (Allied Power) U.S. President Elected in 1933 during the Great Depression and leads until his death in 1945 Enters war after attack on Pearl Harbor Dies three weeks before the end of the war Harry Truman (Allied Power) U.S. President after the death of President Roosevelt Important at the end of the war by dropping atomic bomb and giving aid to worn-torn countries Winston Churchill (Allied Power) Prime Minister of Great Britain Strong stand against Hitler His speeches kept British morale high Joseph Stalin (Allied Power) Starts as an Axis Power, then switches sides Soviet Union (USSR) Dictator Led communist party Ruled for 30 years by fear and terror Helped defeat Nazi Germany “The Big Three”: Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill Major Leaders of World War II – Axis Powers Benito Mussolini (Axis Power) Fascist dictator of Italy Started as a journalist and used the media to gain control Wanted to establish an Italian empire Adolf Hitler (Axis Power) Inspired by Mussolini Fascist dictator of Germany Leader of the Nazi Party Rose to power through propaganda Started the “Third Reich” (Reich = empire in German) Preached hatred of Jews Hideki Tojo (Axis Power) Japanese General- leader of the military Ordered attack on Pearl Harbor Executed at the end of the war Hirohito (Axis Power) Emperor of Japan Viewed as a divine figure (God gave him the power to rule) Japan’s military gained political influence during his rule