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Chapter 9
Classification
Table of Contents
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Objectives
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
• Explain why and how organisms are classified.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
• List the eight levels of classification.
• Explain scientific names.
• Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying
organisms.
What is classification?
Classification of Organisms
 Grouping things based on similarities
 Why do scientists classify organisms?
 Taxonomy is the study of how organisms are
classified
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
The beginning of classification
Why Classify?
1. How many known species are there?
2. What are the characteristics of each species?
3. What are the relationships between these species?
• Taxonomy is the study of how organisms are classified
FY
I
• makes it easier to answer many questions such as:
Aristotle’s Classification System
Animal Kingdom
1. Land Animals
2. Air Animals
3. Water Animals
Plant Kingdom
1. Trees / Large-sized Plants
2. Shrubs / Medium-sized Plants
3. Herbs / Small-sized Plants
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Branching Diagram
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
• Classification Today Taxonomists use the eightlevel system to classify living things based on shared
characteristics.
• Branching Diagrams a diagram that shows how
organisms share characteristics
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Levels of Classification
• Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels
of classification are:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Flat
Green
Surfaces
Species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce
fertile offspring
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
CLASSIFICATION of YOURSELF
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Subphylum
Vertebrata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primate
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
Felis concolar
Canis lupis
Aleces alces
Canis latrans
Scientific Names
• One Species, One Name A scientific name is
always the same for a specific kind of organism
no matter how many common names there might
be.
• Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s
name is the genus name. It is always capitalized.
The second part of the name is the species name.
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Dichotomous Keys
• What Is a Dichotomous Key? a tool for
identifying organisms that uses a series of 2
descriptive statements.
• Two-Part Names By working through the
statements in a dichotomous key in order, a
person can eventually identify an unknown
organism.

Species is a group of organisms that can mate
and produce fertile offspring
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
sapiens
Binomial nomenclature=
 Genus-Capitalized and italicized (Homo)
 Species- italicized (sapien)





Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
A Growing System
• Still Discoveries to Make People are still
discovering and classifying organisms.
• Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new
organisms are found that are so different from
other known organisms that new classes, phyla,
and so on must be formed.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
• Explain how classification developed as greater
numbers of organisms became known.
• Describe the three domains.
• Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the
names on your list by style of music. Describe in your
science journal the categories you chose and explain
which bands might fit into more than one category.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
What Is It?
• What Is Used to Classify Organisms?
Organisms are classified by their characteristics.
• Adding New Classification Categories As
scientists continue to learn about living things,
they add classification categories that account for
the characteristics of different organisms.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
The Domain Archaea
• unicellular
• prokaryotes,
• autotrophic and
heterotrophic,
• many live in harsh
environments—hot
springs, salty lakes
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
The Domain Bacteria
Bacteria are
• unicellular prokaryotes
• autotrophic and
heterotrophic
• found in soil, water, and
even on and inside the
human body.
• tooth decay, strep-throat
Chapter menu
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya
The Kingdom Protista.
• Mainly unicellular
• eukaryotic,
• animal-like and plantlike organisms
• Euglenas, Paramecium,
Golden algae
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae
Plants
• Eukaryotic
• multicellular
• photosynthetic
• autotrophic
• have cell walls
• Plants include: Green
algae, mosses, and all
Vascular plants like
Ferns, Gymnosperms,
and Angiosperms
• The Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
•absorb nutrients from
substances in their
surroundings.
• Includes: bread molds,
yeasts, mushrooms, athletes
foot
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom Animalia
• Eukaryotic organisms
• multicellular
• heterotrophic
• lack cell walls
• specialized sense
organs
• Examples : Sponges,
Flatworms, Mollusks,
segmented worms,
Arthropods,
Echinoderms, and
Chordates
Chapter 9
Classification
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on
the next slide.
kingdom
species
class
classification
family
scientific name
order
taxonomy
phylum
Chapter 9
Classification