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TURKEY
Capital
Official Language
Currency
Time
Surface Area
Population
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Ankara
Turkish
TRY
GMT +2
814.578 km2
74.530.959 (2006-census)
A country of sun and history, Turkey is located where the three
continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to
each other and straddle the point where Europe and Asia meet.
Because of its geographical location, the mainland, Anatolia, has witnessed
the mass migration of diverse people shaping the course of history.
Geography
Turkey is 814.578 sq. km in area. The European and Asian regions are
separated by the İstanbul Boğazı (Bosphorus), the Sea of Marmara, and the
Çanakkale Boğazı (Dardanelles). Anatolia is a high plateau rising
progressively towards the east, broken up by the valleys of about 15 rivers.
Turkey enjoys a variety of ranging from the temperature climate of the Black
Sea region, to the continental climate of the interior, then, to the
Mediterranean climate of the Aegean and Mediterranean coastal regions.
History
Turkey has been called "the cradle of civilisation" and by travelling
through this historic land. The world's first known settlement, a Neolithic
city at Çatalhöyük, dates back to 6.500 BC. From the days of Çatalhöyük up
to the present, Turkey boasts a rich culture that through the centuries has
made a lasting impression on modern civilisation. Hattis, Hittites,
Phyrygains, Urartians, Lycians, Ionians, Lydians, Persians, Macedonians,
Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans have all made important
contributions to the history of the area.
Turkey also has a fascinating recent history. Upon the decline of the
Ottoman Empire, a young man named Mustafa Kemal, who was a soldier
and a great visionary, took the defeat of World War I and turned it into a
shining victory by liberating Turkey on October 29, 1923. Through decades
of change and growth, Turkey still boasts growing success, living by Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk''s motto of "Peace at home, Peace in the World".
Political Structure
The republic of Turkey is based on a secular, democratic, pluralistic and
parliamentary system.
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Population
On the general basis, the population in Turkey is characterised by youth
and dynamism. Turkey has about 74 million inhabitants. Although there has
been a marked migration into town, about 47 per cent of the population still
lives in the rural areas.
Turkey is a secular country. The most of the Turkish population is
Muslim. However, everyone in Turkey has freedom of religion and beliefs.
Language
The Turkish language belongs to the Ural - Altaic group. Turkish is
written in the Latin alphabet and is spoken by at least 150 million people
around the world. Although the official language is Turkish, there are many
high schools and universities where the curriculum is based on English,
German and French are other commonly spoken foreign languages.
Holidays in Turkey
Official/National Holidays
1 January New Year’s Day (Yılbaşı)
23 April National Sovereignty and Children’s Day (Ulusal Egemenlik ve
Çocuk Bayramı) -Anniversary of the establishment of the Turkish Parliament
19 May Commemoration of Atatürk and Youth & Sports Day (Atatürk’ü
Anma Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı) - The arrival of Atatürk in Samsun city, the
beginning of the War of Independence
30 August Victory Day (Zafer Bayramı) - Victory over the allied forces in
1922
29 October Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayramı) - Anniversary of the
declaration of the Turkish Republic
Religious Holidays
20-22 September Feast of the Ramadan (Şeker Bayramı)
27-30 November Feast of the Sacrifice (Kurban Bayramı)
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The dates of these religious festivals change according to the Muslim lunar calendar
an thus occur 10-11 days earlier each year. According to this; Seker Bayrami will be
celebrated between 20-22 September 2009, between 9-11 September 2010, and
between 30-31 August-1 September 2011. Kurban Bayrami will be celebrated on 2730 November 2009, on 16-19 November 2010, on 6-9 November 2011, and on 26-29
October 2012.
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AYDIN CITY
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Population
Surface Area
Climate
Altitude
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145 000 (city center),(950 000 total)
8 007 km2
Subtropical
65 m
Aydın has a good combination of historical and touristic aspects. It is
just in the middle of ancient heritage of previous civilizations. And it has well
known touristic summer resorts such as Kusadasi and Didim. It is also just
one hour drive away from the famous ancient city and the center of
Christianity, Ephesus and Virgin Mary House.
History
Aydın has been the center of various civilizations since the oldest ages
of the history ever known, on which such cities as Afrodisias, Milet, Alinda,
Didyma, Nisa, Prien, Magnesia, Ephesus of the ancient times were
established. Aydın of today traces back to Hittites as of BC 2500 with the
establishment of Tralles City built on the back of Top bed on the North. It
has lived its most brilliant age in Lydia realm in the AD VII. century. These
lands, where the thought has been active in shaping the human life as an
unbreakable tie between life and philosophy, hosted Phrygia, Lydia, Persian,
Roman and Byzantine ages in the same order, and Seljukians between 11711270, Menteseogullari between 1270-1307, Aydınogullari between 13071390, and the Ottomans between 1390-1922. In the time of Aydınogullari,
the name of the city was changed as Aydın Guzelhisari, and it was soon
named as Aydın.
Geography
Aydın is settled on an area of 8.007 sq km on Great Menderes Basin
surrounded with mountains on the north and south, and with plains on
middle and western regions. A large section of the lands of our province,
central altitude of which reaches to 65 meters, and a coastal band length
which reaches to 150 km., is composed of mountainous areas. Dilek
Peninsula and the Great Menderes Delta located on the south of the
peninsula are located within the borders of Kusadasi and Soke districts.
"Bafa Lake" is located on the south-east of Great Menderes Delta and is the
largest lake of the province.
Climate
Mediterranean climate prevails in Aydın. Summers are hot and dry,
and winters are warm and rainy. The average temperature is 17.6 °C,
average number of rainy days is 80.6, and the average amount of rain is
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677,5 mm/ year. Our province is between 37°-44' and 38°-08' northern
latitudes and 27°-23' and 28°-52' southern longitudes.
Population
The total population of our province is 946.971. With its geographical
characteristics, climate structure, ground and water resources and natural
beauties, Aydın is one of the most beautiful parts of our Country. The
economy of the province is generally based on agriculture. Sectors
processing agricultural products constitute the highest portion within the
industry branches of Aydın. The province has the highest potential in mining
sector, particularly for feldspar, quartz and geothermal resource, and has
the richest reserves in terms of spring waters. Having a high tourism
potential in terms of natural beauties and historical places, Aydın province is
open to further development in this sector.
Agriculture, Industry and Trade
Our Province, established on a total area of 8.007 sq km on the fertile
plains irrigated by Great Menderes River, has a significant agricultural
potential enabling the region available for cultivating all kinds of plants with
its rich soil and water resources thanks to the Mediterranean Climate.
Within the agriculture sector, vegetable production, stockbreeding, fishery
are the leading sub-sectors. The pioneering products in vegetable production
are cotton, fig, olive, chestnut and citrus fruits. Our province has engaged in
a great step forwards in stockbreeding sector. Buharkent has become an
important center for chicken farming, and the Cine district is a leading one
in breeding.
Aydın province hosts the richest geothermal field of Turkey discovered
till today. Among our crucial mine resources are feldspar, quartz, marble,
lignite, limestone and clay. 95 % of the feldspar mine produced in Turkey is
extracted from the mountainous region between Cine and Milas. Our
province is also rich in terms of quality spring waters.
Culture and Tourism
Aydın is among the leading provinces in tourism sector of our country
with its cultural, historical and natural texture. The west side of the
province, for it opens to Aegean Sea, is an important area for travel tourism,
the leading districts being Didim and Kusadasi. Other provinces are
appropriate for daily tourism with their archeological pieces and
geographical structure housing high plateaus. Dilek Peninsula, Great
Menderes Delta, National Park, Bafa Lake, Natural Park, Nature Protection
Fields, Tourism Centers, and the Archaic Cities in Special Environmental
Protection Regions are visited by thousands of tourists every year. Aydın
province, with its districts, is an ideal place for tourism, with its most
adequate climate, sunny days during the year reaching to 240, its small bays
following one after another along side the coastal band with a length of 150
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km, its beaches with Golden Sand, thermal resources, with its "Dilek
Peninsula National Park".
Transportation
Whilst is has the facilities for railway, maritime and airway
transportation thanks to its geographical location, the weight in Aydın's
commercial load and passenger transportation is borne by highways.
The nearest airport to Aydın is Izmir Adnan Menderes (ADB) Airport. It
is about 100 km to Aydın city center.
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