Download Keystone: Evolution Review Quiz 1. Tiny remnants of leg bones in

Keystone: Evolution Review Quiz
1. Tiny remnants of leg bones in modern whales are an example of a(n): (1 point)
analogous structure
homologous structure
beneficial adaptation
vesitigial structure
2. Darwin noticed that evolution could be seen in the process of ______________, which had
occurred over the course of centuries in dogs, pigeons, horses, and even plants: (1 point)
antibiotic resistance
selective breeding
natural selection
genetic heritability
3. Which statement best describes the process of natural selection? (1 point)
a completely random process
involves adaptive traits that occure only through genetic mutations
survival of the biggest, strongest individuals in a species
a cumulative process in which every tiny change must be beneficial in some way
4. Which of the following is the best example of natural selection in action? (1 point)
human resistance to malaria due to the sickle-cell allele
dog breeding
the divergence of apes into multiple groups including hominids
whales developing tiny leg bones that seem to serve no purpose
5. What does it mean for an individual to be "selected" by natural selection? (1 point)
A species goes extinct.
An individual has the longest lifespan among a population.
Environmental conditions allow the organism to survive and reproduce.
Humans choose which organisms will survive to breed.
6. Over 96% of the chimpanzee genome is identical to the DNA of humans. This suggests that:
(1 point)
chimps evolved from upright walking hominids, such as Neanderthals.
humans evolved directly from chimps.
both species have similar DNA due to random chance.
humans and chimps have a recent common ancestor compared to other mammals.
7. In the theory of evolution, what does variation refer to? (1 point)
An individual will adapt new and different traits.
The genetic code contains multiple nitrogen bases, which may mutate at any time.
An organism will encounter different environments throughout its lifetime.
Any population consists of individuals with a wide variety of traits.
8. A small, random mistake during the process of DNA replication is a(n): (1 point)
homologous structure
analogous structure
virus
mutation
9. A genetic mutation can result in: (1 point)
no change
a beneficial new trait
a harmful trait
all of the above
10. The fossil record provides evidence for evolution by showing: (1 point)
that organisms lived millions of years ago.
that dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago.
a gradual progression in traits between some extinct and living organisms.
a gradual progression in changes present in DNA.
11. If a species in one area were to be divided into two distinct groups when the continent split into
two separate landmasses, what would probably happen to that species? (1 point)
The two groups would become more and more different until they became separate
species after many, many generations.
The two groups would not change in any way and would therefore still be the same
species.
All the individual animals would adapt to the changing environment in just a few
generations.
They would undergo convergent evolution.
12. Genotype and allele frequencies in a population tend to remain pretty constant: (1 point)
at all times.
unless mutations or selection pressures cause them to change.
because they have no affect on an organism's traits.
until a population gets too large.
13. Insecticides are used to control insect populations so that they do not destroy crops. Over time,
some insecticides become less effective at killing insects, and new insecticides must be
developed. What is the most likely reason insecticides become less effective over time?
(1 point)
Surviving insects have learned to include insecticides as a food source.
Surviving insects pass their resistance to insecticides to their offspring.
Insecticides build up in the soil.
Insecticides are concentrated at the bottom of the food chain.
14. The frequency of an allele in a fly population changes from 89% to 20% after three generations.
Which other events most likely occurred during the same time period? (1 point)
an environmental change and a fly population increase
an environmental change and a fly population decrease
interbreeding of flies with an invasive species and fly population speciation
interbreeding of flies with an established local species and fly population speciation
15. Tail length in mice varies within a population. As seen in the graph, scientists observed change
in the distribution of tail lengths in a mouse population over time. At the genetic level, what has
most likely happened to the allele for the shortest tail lengths? (1 point)
The allele changed from being dominant to being recessive.
The allele changed from being autosomal to being sex-linked.
The allele became less frequent than the alleles for longer tail.
The allele began to code for long tail lengths instead of the shortest ones.
16. Which of the following is TRUE about the extinction of species? (1 point)
Very few species have ever become extinct. Most continue to exist.
There have been extinction events in which many species became extinct at about the
same time. Aside from these, extinction is very rare.
Up until recently, species rarely became extinct. Humans have caused the majority of
extinctions.
Many species have become extinct throughout the history of life on earth.
17. Which of the following is TRUE about the species that are living on earth today? (1 point)
All species living today have existed since the time life began.
Most species living today have existed since the time life began, but a few have appeared
more recently.
Most species living today did not exist at the time life began.
There is no way of finding out whether all, most, or only a few species living today existed
since the time life began.
18. Which of the following is REQUIRED for the process of natural selection to occur? (1 point)
Numerous species must have recently become extinct.
A food source must disappear.
There must be a sudden environmental change.
Traits must be inherited from one generation to the next.
19. Could individuals of a species look different today than individuals of the same species did many
generations ago? Why or why not? (1 point)
Yes, all individuals can change a little and pass those changes on to their offspring.
Yes, some individuals can change a little and pass those changes on to their offspring.
Yes, some individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits on
to their offspring.
No, species do not change even after many generations, so individuals of the same species
would not look different.
20. Some organisms, such as a chimpanzee and a human, have many similarities. Others, such as a
zebra and a worm, have fewer similarities. What is TRUE about the ancestors of these
organisms? (1 point)
Chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor with each other, but zebras and
worms do not share a common ancestor with each other.
Chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor with each other, and zebras and
worms share a common ancestor with each other, but chimpanzees and humans do not
share a common ancestor with zebras and worms.
Because chimpanzees, humans, zebras, and worms are separate species, none of them
shares a common ancestor with any other.
Chimpanzees, humans, zebras, and worms all share an ancient common ancestor.