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Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Active Reading Section: What Is Biodiversity? Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. Humans benefit from biodiversity every time they eat. Most of the crops produced around the world originated from a few areas of high biodiversity. Most new crop varieties are hybrids, crops developed by combining genetic material from other populations. History has shown that depending on too few plants for food is risky. For example, famines have resulted when an important crop was wiped out by disease. But some crops have been saved from diseases by being crossbred with wild plant relatives. In the future, new crop varieties may come from species not yet discovered. IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS One reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. The main idea is the main focus or key idea. Frequently, a main idea is accompanied by supporting information that offers detailed facts about main ideas. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement. _____ 1. Depending on a few plants for food is a. healthy for humans. b. risky for humans. c. good for crops. d. beneficial for some species. _____ 2. Relying on one important crop can cause a. famine if the crop is wiped out. b. hybrids if the crop mixes with another population. c. disease if the crop came from wild plants. d. a new crop variety if a new species is introduced. _____ 3. Some types of crops can be saved from disease if a. they can be genetically isolated. b. they are sprayed with enough pesticide. c. areas of high biodiversity are destroyed. d. they are crossbred with their wild plant relatives. Read the question and write the answer in the space provided. 4. What is the main idea of this passage? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 7 Biodiversity Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________ Active Reading continued VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Read each question and write the answer in the space provided. 5. What key term is in this passage? _______________________________________________________________ 6. What is a hybrid crop? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ RECOGNIZING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES One reading skill is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between two phrases, ideas, or things. This is sometimes known as comparing and contrasting. Read the question and write the answer in the space provided. 7. How is a hybrid different from its originating crops? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ RECOGNIZING CAUSE AND EFFECT One reading skill is the ability to recognize cause and effect. Read each question and write the answer in the space provided. 8. The crops we enjoy today originated from. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9. A hybrid crop is developed by. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10. Explain one reason why a famine might occur. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 11. How can crossbreeding help save a type of crop plant? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 8 Biodiversity TEACHER RESOURCE probably no way to know beforehand whether one or more wolf populations will begin preying on livestock. (Note: Studies have shown that there is little evidence to support the claim that wolves are responsible for killing large numbers of livestock.) 17. No; we do not fully understand what effects we are having on the environment when we eliminate a species from an ecosystem. However, we have seen many cases where the results have been negative. Such tampering has been at least partly responsible for the losses of additional populations and species that have occurred over the last several centuries. 8. Both contain biodiversity; both serve important purposes but are being threatened by human activity. 9. developments along waterways, over-fishing, and pollution10. They aren’t well studied and aren’t as well protected by laws. 11. travel routes for migrating species and links to ecosystems on land 12. Answers may vary. Students might list any of the following: Services provided by coral reefs are worth an estimated $375 billion per year; the reefs provide food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals; it is important to protect areas of vast biodiversity. Active Reading SECTION: THE FUTURE OF BIODIVERSITY SECTION: WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. b a d Answers may vary; for example: Biodiversity is critical to world food supplies. biodiversity a crop developed by combining genetic materials from other populations It has been crossbred with other plant populations. a few areas of high biodiversity combining genetic material from other populations If humans rely on one crop and that crop becomes diseased, the entire crop could be wiped out and there would not be enough food. If the crop is diseased and the plants are crossbred with their wild plant relatives, the resulting hybrid may be more resistant to disease. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. b d a 983 the federal government The federal government is not allowed to carry out any project that might harm a listed species. everyone d a compile a list of all endangered and threatened species in the United States a fine The second provision is violated if people harm, buy, or sell any part of an endangered species. Map Skills 1. fork-marked lemur; golden-brown mouse lemur 2. endangered 3. golden bamboo lemur; fork-marked lemur 4. Answers may vary. Students should indicate an understanding of the fact that the map shows distribution of the population, not the population itself. So, although the golden bamboo lemur does not have the smallest distribution, it may have the smallest overall population. SECTION: BIODIVERSITY AT RISK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. a small fraction 60 percent the majority of it $375 billion per year terrestrial areas Coral reefs are a source of food, money from tourism, coastal protection, and new chemicals. 7. swamps, marshes, shores, and kelp beds Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 99 Biodiversity