Download Unit I terms and questions and charts

Unit I: From Colonization through the French and Indian War (Chapters 2-6)
Essential Questions:
1.
What is history? What is the job of the historian
2.
Assess the degree to which you agree with Carl Degler’s argument that “as the germ of the
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Revolution can be detected in the political history of the 17 century, so the genesis of the Civil
War is implicit in its social history.”
3.
Why did labor systems develop differently in different regions in mainland British colonies? Why
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did the labor system in the south change in the late 17 century?
4.
How did the French and Indian War shift the relationship between the colonies and the Motherland
TERMS FROM MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAMS
1607-1763
Primogeniture
The Middle Ground
1588/Sea Dogs
Edict of Nantes
indentured servants
Encomienda system
Pilgrims/Seperatists
Anglican Church
Trade and Navigation Acts
Peter Zenger trial
Mayflower Compact
King Philip's War
Roger Williams
George Whitefield
Great Puritan Migration
The Great Awakening
John Calvin
Predestination
New England Confederation
Triangle Trade
Freedom of conscience
mercantilism
Jonathan Edwards
Bacon's Rebellion
Louisburg/King George’s War
Harvard College
Salem Witch trials
Middle Passage
“city upon a hill”
Trans-Atlantic connections
William Penn
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Acts of Toleration
The Fundamental Orders
The Middle Passage
The Halfway Covenant
1619
Barbados slave codes
William Bradford
American Exceptionalism
Small pox
Class structure of different regions
Royal/Charter/Proprietary Colonies
Barbadian Slave Codes
Royal African Company
New England Confederacy
Dominion of New England
Powhatan Wars
The Columbian Exchange
*Knowledge of colonial chart (see below)
French v. Spanish v. English models of colonization
Spanish Armada
Christopher Columbus
Treaty of Tordesillas
Winthrop “City Upon a Hill”
House of Burgesses
Anne Hutchinson
William Bradford
French and Indian War
(major battles & effects)
John Rolfe/tobacco
Iroquios Confederacy
headright system
Salutary neglect
Albany Plan
James Oglethorpe
Salutary neglect
slave codes
House of Burgesses
“Virgin Land” myth
Acts of Toleration
The Columbian Exchange
Protestant Reformation
salutary neglect
Pequot War
Stono Rebellion
Old Light/New Light
“America is a cure all for English problems. It could strike a blow against Catholicism, solve
economic problems, for merchants North America could provide excellent markets for wool and
clothes through trade with naked Indians while supplying economic resources for timber, furs.
Overpopulated England and excess workers could be transformed to America to become
productive within the colonies.”
-Reasons for Colonization Richark Hakleyt the Elder, 1585
Colony
Leaders/Founders
Colony History
New England Colonies
Plymouth (1620)
William Bradford
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MA Bay (1630)
Rhode Island (1636)
Connecticut (1636), Hartford
and New Haven
New Hampshire (1623)
New Netherlands/New
Amsterdam
New York (1626)
New Jersey as New
Netherlands (1626)
Delaware as New Sweden
(1638)
Pennsylvania (1682)
Virginia (1607)
John Winthrop
Became part of MA 1691
Settled by Puritan Separatists
(Pilgrims)
Mayflower Compact
“City Upon a Hill” (An American ideal)
Settled by Puritan Congregationalists
“Open field Village”
Strict Social controls (Ousted Anne
Hutchinson)
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Theocracy
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Roger Williams
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Separation of Church and state (1
Amendment)
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Better relations with Native Americans
Thomas Hooker
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New Haven, self-conscious heretics
and free thinkers, wrote Fundamental
Orders of Council (1639) which was
first written “constitution” in colonies
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Unified in 1665
Puritans
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Acquisition of land and opposition to
government in Massachusetts
Middle Colonies (Bread Colonies)
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Dutch sought trade with Indians and
land as worlds leading city of Antwerp
center of trade
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Taverns outnumbered churches and
land opened to all, erected defense
wall (Wall Street) in lower Manhattan
against Indian raiders
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Manhattan island purchased from
natives for $24
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Stolen by English (Charles II) in
bloodless war, land given to Duke of
York who split land with friends Berkley
and Carteret (New Jersey), New
Sweden became Delaware
Peter Minuit
William Penn
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Part of PA but had own
Legislature
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Quakers most radical and persecuted
dissenting Puritans in England and
America, named derived from the
seeking of "inward light" which leads to
shaking, influenced abolitionist,
prohibition and universal suffrage
movement, pacifists
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Penn acquired land due to debt owed
father by Charles II
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"Holy Experiment", religious freedom
for all, popular participation in
government with 1 house legislature,
50 acres per settler purchased from
Native Americans
Southern Colonies
John Smith and VA
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VA company of London (joint-Stock
company of London
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Company)
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1 permanent English colony
John Smith/John Rolfe (Pocahontas)
Cash-crop tobacco saves colony 1612
“Starving Time” 1609-1610 (60 of first
500 settlers survive .
Gentleman came for economic gain,
lack of family immigration
Indentured Servants (1/2-3/4 south of
NE came as indentured)
1619
Maryland Toleration Act (1649)
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Fertile rice growing region
Split into North and South Carolina
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Demand for slave labor Buffer from
Spanish Florida and French Louisiana
Debtor colony “Fresh start”
Initially, no slavery, alcohol
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Maryland (1634)
North Carolina (1650)
South Carolina (1670)
George Calvert
Georgia (1733)
James Oglethorpe
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Sectionalism Colonial America (Keep in mind the sides of the Civil War)
A. New England Colonies
B. Middle Colonies
C. Southern Colonies
Life Expectancy
Population
Growth
Blacks/ Slavery
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Climate
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Southern Colonies
Rarely past their 40’s 10 years was taken off the
life expectancy in comparison to NE
High child mortality rate
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Natural increases along with increased immigration (Scots, Irish, Germans, Africans (Non-English)
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Slaves were used more as household
help than field labor, there were still
many field slaves, and in general they
lived better than their southern
counterparts.
Low percentage of population thus
fewer Black Codes
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Family immigration
More stable household life was much
more stable and generally the
religious groups helped to maintain
marital balance.
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Families
New England Colonies
Life expectancy was basically the
same as in England. During the early
years it was almost as bad as the life
expectancy in the south. However
,the cooler climates and clean water
quickly increased the life expectancy
as people became used to the new
world.
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Cooler temperatures and clean water
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Quickly became part of life due to the labor
intensiveness of the cash-crop of tobacco
High percentage of the population
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Families were almost non-existent
The ratio of men to women was 6-1 at one point in
the colonies history.
As the colonists became resistant to the
bacterium and sicknesses of the new world the
colonies began to support themselves and
families became more abundant.
Families created through import of women
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Much more humid, hot climate.
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Social Structure/
Class system
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Role of Women
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Government
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Religion
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Economics
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helped the colonists remain alive
longer than their southern partners
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Disease bred much easier and the working life
was much harsher, although the climate allowed
for agricultural growth unrivaled by the north.
Ruling class was more based on
money than on slave ownership.
The ruling classes were the
government officials rather than the
farmers.
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The ruling class quickly emerged with the input of
slaves into the economy.
The rich men would have many slaves and could
become even richer while the poor man would
quickly be bought out.
Women helped in the household as
well as with life in general both on the
farm and the governments.
They had much more of an active role
than in the south and on the “frontier”
“A true wife accounts subjection her
honor”
The Scarlett Letter (Hawthorne 1850)
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Many of the northern colonies were
religious in government (Theocracy)
the ruling class was created by
religious leaders and many peoples
religious zealotry.
New England Town Meeting “Best
school of political liberty the world
ever saw” (Thomas Jefferson)
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The ruling plantation owners ran the government,
so rich and powerful that the others could not
even compare. Once the slave trade started this
increased even more.
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Cash crop (Tobacco, rice, indigo)
Because the soil was so yielding tobacco, rice,
and other crops drove the economics, supplying
the north with the base ingredients needed for
production
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William and Mary (1693)
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Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), largest uprising before
the American revolution
South Carolina slave revolt (1739)
Challenges of individuals pursuing
economic interests “Serpent
Prosperity”
Half-Way Covenant (“sacrifice of
religious purity for greater religious
participation”), gradual move toward
secularization of colonies
1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials
“Open-field Village”
“Yankee commercialism” and
“Serpent Prosperity” challenged
religious traditionalist
Because of the lack of abundant
agriculture, industry took control of
the economy. Production of products
needed in England, fishing
Education
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Harvard College (1636), “Ignorance is
the mother of heresy” (John Harvard)
Forms of
Resistance/
Rebellion
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New York City slave revolt (1712)
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During the first part of colonization women were
used to have children, the amount of men to
women was absurd so the men quickly tried to
have children. Many of the women were pregnant
before they were even married.
Increased “importance” compared to NE women