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ENGL-4
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Read the following passage and answer questions 1 through 10.
The Sun 1
The sun is the nearest and largest star to our planet. In fact, it is our most important star. For thousands of years people have been fascinated by it. The ancient Greeks called it Helios. The Romans called it Sol. No matter the language, we know that the sun is important to the survival of all life on our planet. Size, Distance, and Composition 2 The sun is very old. It is about 864 thousand miles wide. Wow! That means you could fit earth across its surface 109 times! It weighs about 330 thousand times more than earth. It is about 93 million miles from us. Light from the sun is eight minutes old when it reaches the earth. 3
The sun is made of hot, glowing gases. It is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Fusion creates the sun’s heat and light. Fusion changes hydrogen into helium. The sun is about 10 million degrees Fahrenheit at its surface. Its core is more than 28 million degrees Fahrenheit. That is hot enough to burn you to a crisp in seconds! Layers and Atmosphere 4 Like the earth, the sun has layers. The layers are the core, radiation zone, convection zone, and atmosphere. The core is made of hydrogen and helium. The sun’s atmosphere is made of three layers. The photosphere is what we see when we view the sun. The chromosphere is orange-red. The corona is the outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere. Solar Flares, Prominences, and Sunspots 5 Solar flares are explosions on the sun. They create heat and light. Solar flares can disrupt satellites and power grids on earth. Prominences are arches of gases. They stretch out from the sun. Sunspots are cooler areas. They appear dark. The number of sunspots varies. [Exam ID:0N1LD2
Center or Not? 6 People once thought the sun orbited the earth. Crazy? A Greek astronomer named Aristotle believed it. Roman astronomer Ptolemy believed it, too. He created a model to show it. His model was called the geocentric, or earthcentered, model. 7 Not everyone agreed with them. Polish astronomer Copernicus believed the earth orbited the sun. His model was called the heliocentric, or sun-centered, model. Italian astronomer Galileo used his telescope to prove Copernicus was right. 8 The earth does orbit the sun. The sun is the center of our solar system. The sun’s gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit. It provides heat to the earth. Its light supports all life on earth. 1
The author includes paragraphs 6 and 7 to —
A tell the reader about the purpose of the sun
B show that scientists sometimes disagree
C persuade people to believe Aristotle
D describe how Galileo proved a theory
2
Which detail from the article best describes the distance between the earth and the sun?
A The sun’s gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit.
Light from the sun is eight minutes old when it reaches B
the earth.
C It weighs about 330 thousand times more than earth.
D Like the earth, the sun has layers.
E The corona is the outer layer of the sun's atmosphere.
F The photosphere is what we see when we view the sun.
3
Look at this chart. Based on the article, which sentence best completes the chart?
A A solar flare explodes on the sun.
B The sun has been around for a long time.
C The sun is mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
D The earth and the sun both have layers.
4
Directions: Click on the correct answers.
Read these notes about the article. Which of the following details best complete the notes? Atmosphere
Helium
Hydrogen
Convection zone
Solar flares
Planets
5
The section titled “Layers and Atmosphere” is mainly about the —
A sun's core gases
B sun’s four layers
C parts of the earth
D way the sun looks from the earth
E colors of the sun's atmosphere
6
Which of these would be the best heading for the last paragraph?
A The Sun and Its Light
B Why the Sun is Important
C The Sun and Food
D The Sun and Gravity
E Why the Sun Needs the Earth
7
What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A People have studied the sun for thousands of years.
B The Greeks called the sun Helios.
C The sun is the nearest and largest star to our planet.
D The Romans called the sun Sol.
8
Which questions are answered in paragraph 7?
What happens to satellites when there is a solar flare?
What is the name of the model Copernicus created?
Which model did Aristotle believe was true?
Who proved the sun-centered model was true?
Who made an earth-centered model of the solar system?
9
Based on the article, the sun's surface —
A is 28 million degrees Fahrenheit
B has four layers
C is 10 million degrees Fahrenheit
D has no atmosphere
10 This article would most likely be found in a book titled —
A The Planets of Our Solar System
B The Sun and Other Stars
C The Sun: Star of Our Solar System
D Myths about the Sun