* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Astronomy - Troop 179
Planets beyond Neptune wikipedia , lookup
History of the telescope wikipedia , lookup
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Astrobiology wikipedia , lookup
Patronage in astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical clock wikipedia , lookup
Spitzer Space Telescope wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Geocentric model wikipedia , lookup
Lunar theory wikipedia , lookup
IAU definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems wikipedia , lookup
Planets in astrology wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Satellite system (astronomy) wikipedia , lookup
Planetary habitability wikipedia , lookup
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical unit wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Constellation wikipedia , lookup
Extraterrestrial life wikipedia , lookup
Archaeoastronomy wikipedia , lookup
Astrophotography wikipedia , lookup
International Year of Astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Chinese astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical astronomy wikipedia , lookup
History of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Hebrew astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Timeline of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Astronomy Merit Badge Requirements – For requirements fulfilled during the workshop only the options fulfilled will be listed. 1. Describe the proper clothing and other precautions for safely making observations at night and in cold weather. Tell how to safely observe the Sun, objects near the Sun, and the Moon. Explain first aid for injuries or illnesses, such as heat and cold reactions, dehydration, bites and stings, and damage to your eyes that could occur during observation. The scout is responsible for completing this requirement on his own. 2. Explain what light pollution is and how it and air pollution affect astronomy. Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. 3. With the aid of diagrams (or real telescopes if available), do each of the following: Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. a. Explain why binoculars and telescopes are important astronomical tools. Demonstrate or explain how these tools are used. b. Describe the similarities and differences of several types of astronomical telescopes. c. Explain the purposes of at least three instruments used with astronomical telescopes. 4. Do the following: Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. a. Identify in the sky at least 10 constellations, at least four of which are in the zodiac. b. Identify at least eight conspicuous stars, five of which are of magnitude 1 or brighter. c. Make two sketches of the Big Dipper. In one sketch, show the Big Dipper's orientation in the early evening sky. In another sketch, show its position several hours later. In both sketches, show the North Star and the horizon. Record the date and time each sketch was made. d. Explain what we see when we look at the Milky Way. 5. Do the following: Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. a. List the names of the five most visible planets. Explain which ones can appear in phases similar to lunar phases and which ones cannot, and explain why. b. Find out when each of the five most visible planets that you identified in requirement 5a will be observable in the evening sky during the next 12 months, then compile this information in the form of a chart or table. Update your chart monthly to show whether each planet will be visible during the early morning or in the evening sky. 6. At approximately weekly intervals, sketch the position of Venus, Mars or Jupiter in relation to the stars. Do this for at least four weeks and at the same time of night. On your sketch, record the date and time next to the planet's position. Use your sketch to explain how planets move. The scout is responsible for completing this requirement on his own. Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge 7. Do the following: a. Sketch the face of the moon and indicate at least five seas and five craters. Label these landmarks. The scout is responsible for completing this requirement on his own. b. Sketch the phase and the daily position of the Moon at the same hour and place, for a week. Include landmarks on the horizon such as hills, trees, and buildings. Explain the changes you observe. The scout is responsible for completing this requirement on his own. c. List the factors that keep the Moon in orbit around Earth. Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. d. With the aid of diagrams, explain the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon at the times of lunar and solar eclipses, and at the times of new, first-quarter, full, and last-quarter phases of the Moon. Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. 8. Do the following: Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. a. Describe the composition of the Sun, its relationship to other stars, and some effects of its radiation on Earth's weather. Define sunspots and describe some of the effects they may have on solar radiation. b. Identify at least one red star, one blue star, and one yellow star (other than the Sun). Explain the meaning of these colors. 9. With your counselor's approval and guidance, do ONE of the following: Material is covered during the program and the scout will be required to describe the appropriate information on the worksheet provided. a. Visit a planetarium or astronomical observatory. Submit a written report, a scrapbook, or a video presentation afterward to your counselor that includes the following information: 1. Activities occurring there 2. Exhibits and displays you saw 3. Telescopes and instruments being used 4. Celestial objects you observed. 10. List at least three different career opportunities in astronomy. Pick the one you in which are most interested and explain how to prepare for such a career. Discuss with your counselor what courses might be useful for such a career. The scout is responsible for completing this requirement on his own. Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Astronomy Merit Badge Requirements Name:______________________________________________ Troop #:____________________________________________ Phone #:____________________________________________ Family e-mail Address:________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 1 Describe the proper clothing for safely making observations at night: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the proper precautions for safely making observations at night:_____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the proper clothing for safely making observations in cold weather: _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the proper precautions for safely making observations in cold weather:_______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe how to safely observe the sun and objects near the sun:___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe how to safely observe the moon:______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the fist aid required for: Overheating:______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hyperthermia:____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dehydration:_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Insect bites and stings:______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eye damage: _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 2 Light pollution is:_________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Light pollution affects astronomy because______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Requirement 3 - With the aid of diagrams (or real telescopes if available), do each of the following: a. Explain why binoculars and telescopes are important astronomical tools.__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Demonstrate or explain how these tools are used. (Done as a part of the workshop, no writing required.) Describing the different types of telescopes and astronomical tools listed below fulfills requirements 3B & 3C. b. Describe the similarities and differences of several types of astronomical telescopes. c. Explain the purposes of at least three instruments used with astronomical telescopes. Binoculars_______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Refracting telescope________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Catadioptric telescope______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reflecting telescope_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Radio telescope___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ X-ray telescope___________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Spectroscope_____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Filar Micrometer__________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Photometer_______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Requirement 4 a. Identify in the sky at least 10 constellations, four of which are in the Zodiac. List the constellations you identified. (Done as a part of the workshop, no writing required.) b. Identify at least 8 conspicuous stars, five of which are of first magnitude. (Done as a part of the star diagram below.) c. Make two sketches of the Big Dipper. In one sketch, show the Big Dipper's orientation in the early evening sky. In another sketch, show its position several hours later. In both sketches, show the North Star and the horizon. Record the date and time each sketch was made. Date:____________ d. Time:________________ Date:____________ Time:________________ Explain what we see when we look at the Milky Way: ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Requirement 5 a. List the names of the five most visible planets. _________________ ___________________ _____________________ ___________________ ________________ List the visible planets that can appear in phases similar to lunar phases and explain why. ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ List the visible planets that cannot appear in phases similar to lunar phases and explain why. ________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 5 (cont.) b. Find out when each of the five visible planets that you identified in 5a will be observable in the evening sky during the next 12 months and compile this information in the chart below. Write the name of the planet in the top row. Under each planet indicate the dates/times/etc when that planet is observable. You may use this chart or make up one of your own and attach it to this worksheet. PLANETS Write the name of the planets. January February March April May June July August September October November December Requirement 6 At approximately weekly intervals, sketch the position of Venus, Mars or Jupiter in relation to the stars. Do this for at least four weeks and at the same time of night. On your sketch, record the date and time next to the planet's position. Use your sketch to explain how planets move. Attach your photographs or map(s) to this worksheet. Label your photographs or map(s) with the following information on each photo or sketch: Week number 1, 2, 3, or 4, Date of observation, Planet observed, and Time of observation. Explain any changes noticed on the photographs or map(s): ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 7 a. Use the area below Sketch the face of the moon and indicate at least five seas and five craters. Label these landmarks. b. Sketch the phase and the daily position of the Moon at the same hour and place, for a week. Include landmarks on the horizon such as hills, trees, and buildings. Explain the changes you observe. 1 Day: __________ 2 Time: ________ 4 Day: __________ Day: __________ 3 Time: ________ 5 Time: ________ Day: __________ Day: __________ Time: ________ 6 Time: ________ Day: __________ Time: ________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 7 (cont.) 7 What changes did you observe? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Day: __________ c. Time: ________ Tell what factors keep the moon in orbit around the earth. Fill in the terms below. _____________________ - the tendency of an object in motion to continue in motion in a straight line. _____________________ - an attraction between two objects with mass d. Explain the relative positions of the sun, earth, and moon at the times of lunar and solar eclipses and at the times of New, First Quarter, Full, and Last Quarter phases of the moon. (Done as a part of the workshop, no writing required.) Requirement 8 a. Describe the composition of the sun. Fill in the blanks below. __________% Hydrogen __________% Helium And less than 2% of all other ________________ Describe the suns relationship to other stars: ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ What effects does the suns radiation have on the Earth's weather? __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Define sunspots: _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe some of the effects sunspots may have on solar radiation: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge b. Identify at least one red star, one blue, and one yellow star. Explain the meaning of the colors. Fill in the chart below to fulfill requirement # 8b & 4b. 106 105 104 103 Luminosity (Solar Units) 102 10 1 0.1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 O 30,000 ← Increasing Temperature B A 10,000 Surface Temperature (Kelvin) F G 6,000 K M 3,000 Decreasing Temperature → Name:____________________________ Astronomy Merit Badge Requirement 9 a. Visit a planetarium or astronomical observatory. Submit a written report, a scrapbook, or a video presentation afterward to your counselor that includes the following information: Activities occurring there, Exhibits and displays you saw, Telescopes and instruments being used, and Celestial objects you observed. (Fulfilled by completing above merit badge worksheets.) Requirement 10 Use the spaces below to list at least three different careers in astronomy: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Pick one career and explain how you would prepare for it: Career: ______________________________________________ Preparation needed: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ List some of the courses most useful in beginning such a preparation: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________