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Oceanography Guided Notes NAME_______________________ Study of the _________________based on knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics, and geology Oceans compose _______ of our Earth’s surface In Northern Hemisphere_________ of the surface is water In Southern Hemisphere, almost _______ of the surface is water Approximately _________________________ square miles Four main ocean basins ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ _______________ Ocean is the largest and the deepest ocean _______________ Ocean is about half the size of the Pacific Ocean, and relatively narrow compared to the Pacific __________ Ocean is largely a Southern Hemisphere water body. _________Ocean is the smallest and shallowest ocean Composition of Seawater Seawater contains a variety of __________________, __________________, and other dissolved gases Seawater is unfit for human consumption and irrigation Seawater contains 3.5 % (by weight) of dissolved salts. The most abundant salt is ______________ (table salt) Salinity Salinity is the total amount of dissolved material in ___________________. Expressed in percent or parts per thousand Sources of sea salts Chemical weathering of __________________ on the continents. ____________________ eruptions. Mapping the Ocean Floor ________________________ _______________________ can be mapped using bathymetry Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and charting the shape of the ocean floor The ocean features ______________ ____________, deep trenches, plains, mountain chains and _________________ Bathymetric techniques Utilizes _______________________ (sound navigation and ranging) The ocean floor Topography is broken down into three units: 1) ______________________________________ 2) ______________________________________ 3) ______________________________________ Passive continental margins Consist of three features: 1) ________________ __________________ 2) Continental rise 3) __________________ _________________ Continental shelf Extends from the ____________________________ towards the deep ocean basin. Flooded extension of the continents. _________________________ _____________________ averages about 50 miles wide and 423 feet deep at its seaward edge. Represents about 7.5 percent of the total ocean area. Continental slope Relatively steep zone that marks the boundary between ___________________crust and the _________________ crust. Very narrow feature (averages about 12 miles wide) Active continental margins Located primarily in the ______________________________Ocean Deep ocean basin This lies between the ____________________ _______________ and the _____________ __________ __________ Covers almost 30 percent of the Earth’s surface Consists of the following features: 1) _____________________________________ 2) _____________________________________ 3) _____________________________________ (volcanic peaks) Deep ocean trenches Long, narrow __________________________ that are the deepest parts of the ocean Deepest part of the world’s ocean is the _______________________ Deep(36,163 feet) Abyssal Plains _______________________________________features, the most level regions on Earth They exist in all oceans. However, the _____________________ Ocean has more extensive abyssal plains than does the _______________________Ocean. Seamounts Isolated __________________________ peaks Found in ______________________ ________________________, but the greatest number are located in the Pacific Well known seamount is the _________________________________________ chain.