Download Quality Assurance / Quality Control

Prelim 11/14/11
2nd Semester, 3rd Year Level
 The
Early 1900’s, With The
Work Of An Industrial
Engineer Named Frederick
Winslow Taylor.
 “Father Of Scientific Management”
 “Planning
functions
and
execution stage be separated
and that numerous individuals
be assigned W/ specific task
to minimize the complexity of
the task.”
Maximize Efficiency By
Distributing Work And
Because Complex Work Is
Lessened Fewer Mistake
Would Occur.
Maximize Efficiency
By Distributing Work
Fewer Mistake
Would Occur.
 The
scientific
management
philosophy taught by Frederick
Winslow Taylor was replaced with
the
concept
of
quality
improvement by W. Edwards
Deming And Joseph Juran.

Dr. W. Edwards Deming Taught That
By Adopting Appropriate Principles Of
Management, Organizations Can
Increase Quality And Simultaneously
Reduce Costs (By Reducing Waste,
Rework, Staff Attrition And Litigation
While Increasing Customer Loyalty).
“The Key Is To Practice
Continual Improvement And
Think Of Manufacturing As A
System, Not As Bits And
Pieces.”
Federal
governments
first step was on 1968
with
the
Radiation
Control for Health and
Safety Act.
 To
Develop And Administer
Standards That Would Reduce
Human Exposure To Radiation
From Electronic Products.
 The Bureau Of Radiological
Health (BRH) Was Given The
Task To Implement The Act.
In 1974 the BRH set forth
regulatory actions W/ several
amendments
to control the
manufacturing and installation of
medical and dental diagnostic
equipment to reduce useless
radiation.
 In
1981, The Consumer-patient
Radiation Health And Safety Act
Addressed Issues Such As
 Unnecessary Repeat Exam,
 Mass Screening Program, Etc
 It
Is Also Established Minimum
Standards For Accreditation Of
Educational Programs And The
Licensure Laws.
 On
Sept 2000 The CARE Act
was introduce in congress, w/c
mandated educational and
training requirements for to all
technologist performing the
imaging procedures.
Medical Imaging Demands
Precision In The Production Of
High-quality Diagnostic
Images While Restricting The
Amount Of Radiation
Administered To Patients.


Quality Assurance: A set of activities
designed to ensure that the development
and/or maintenance process is adequate
to ensure A system will meet its
objectives.
Quality Control: A set of activities
designed to evaluate A developed work
product.
The Terms Quality Assurance
(QA) And Quality Control (QC)
Are Often Used
Interchangeably (Or In
Tandem), But They Have
Different Meanings.
 QA is
an assessment of the
process by which A product is
created.
 QA Often Is used as A description
of A comprehensive overall
testing program,
QA Also Refers To The
Policies And Processes
Of The Radiology
Department And Thus Is
Related Closely To
Workflow.
 QC
is an assessment of the
product itself.
 QC Also Refers To The
Final Quality Of Either The
Images Or The
Radiologists' Reports.
Radiation
Dose
Image Quality
 Unfortunately,
there are
numerous sources of
variability in quality, in both
human and equipment factors,
that can produce sub-quality
image if not properly
controlled.



Expected Quality – Level of quality of the
product or service that is expected by the
customer.
Perceive Quality – Is the customers
perception of the product or service or the
care.
Actual Quality – Is the level of quality uses
statistical data and considers all factors
that can influence the final product.





Advances In Technology, Equipment And
Procedures.
Legislation And Government Regulations
Joint Commission On The Accreditation Of
Healthcare Organizations Accreditation
Procedures.
Corporate Buyouts And Mergers.
Methods Of Reimbursement For Services
Rendered.

The QA Program Should Include The
Means To Provide Appropriate Training
For All Personnel With QA Responsibilities
And Especially Those Directly Involved
With QC Testing.


Is To Maintain The Quality Of Diagnostic
Images.
This Is Done With Routine Monitoring Of
Photographic And X-ray Equipment
Parameters To Detect Deviations Of
Equipment Performance And Take Prompt
Corrective Action.
 Radiology
Department QA
Committee
 Radiology Department QA
Program
 QA Personnel Training
 QC Technologist
 Equipment Specification Writing
 QC
Test Equipment
 Equipment Acceptance Testing
 QC Testing Program
 X-ray Equipment QC
 Photographic Equipment QC





Equipment Performance Records And
Record Keeping
Equipment Appraisal And Replacement
Policy
Standardization Of Exposure
Acceptance Criteria For Diagnostic
Radiograms
Reject-repeat Analysis Program



A Program Of QA Monitors Proper Patient
Scheduling, Reception, And Preparation
And Answers The Following Questions;
Is The Scheduled Examination
Appropriate For The Patient?
If So, Has The Patient Been Properly
Instructed Before The Time Of The
Examination?
QA Also Involves
Image Interpretation Or
Outcome Analysis.

Quality Control Is More Tangible And
Obvious Because In This Program The
Radiologist Is Provided With Optimal
Image Produced Through Good
Equipment Performance And Resulting In
Minimal Patient Radiation Exposure.
 Administrative Responsibilities
 Threshold Of Acceptability
 Communication Network
 Patient Comfort
 Personnel Performance
 Record Keeping System
 Corrective Action
 Risk Management
 Risk Analysis
 Policies And Procedures
 Radiation Safety Program
 Patient Radiation Protection
 Radiographic Examinations
 Fluoroscopic Examinations




Personnel Protection
Time
Distance
Shielding