Download Respiratory System 9.1-9.2

Respiratory System
Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an
Organ Delivery System
Introduction
• Animals require a continuous supply of
________ for cellular respiration, and they
must expel ____________, the _______
product of this process.
• It is important not to confuse gas exchange,
the traffic of O2& CO2 between the animal &
its environment, with the metabolic process of
cellular respiration.
– gas exchange supports cellular respiration
by supplying O2& removing CO2
External Respiration aka Breathing
•
Four activities involved
1.
2. diffusion of O2 and CO2 between the lungs & the
blood in the transport system
3. transportation of the O2 and CO2 by the blood to
the body cells
4. __________ of the O2 and CO2 between the
blood and the body cells
Respiration & BReathing
• Breathing-
• The uptake of O2
and the release of
CO2 by cells takes
place across a
____________
_________
• Respiration-all processes involved in the
exchange of O2 and CO2 between cells and the
___________, including breathing, gas
exchange, and _________ __________
Respiratory Organs
• Upper Respiratory Tract
– oral passage
•
– nasal passages
• moistens air
•
• filters air
– pharynx
• _______ pharynx
• _______ pharynx
– both join to connect to the trachea & esophagus
Respiratory Organs
– __________
• prevents material from entering the trachea
– trachea (upper region)
• reinforced with rings of _________
• prevents the tube from __________; i.e. it is always
open
– ________
• enlarged area of the trachea
• contains the ______ _____
Respiratory Organs
• Lower Respiratory Tract
– trachea (lower region)
• lined with _____ that move particles up
• mucous secreting cells that trap foreign matter
– moved out by the cilia
– ________
• two branches from the trachea
– one to left lung, one to right lung
• cartilage ring reinforced
– ___________
• further divisions of bronchi
• no cartilage reinforcement
Respiratory Organs
– terminal bronchioles
• final divisions of bronchioles
– ___________
• composed of alveolar ducts and sacs at the end of the
terminal bronchioles
• site of O2 and CO2 _____ ________
– ____________ capillaries
• part of the circulatory system
• very small and very numerous
– great ________ ______
• very intimate contact with alveoli
– minimum diffusion distance
Respiratory organs
• Air enters the body
through the nasal
cavity or the mouth
•
• Nasal cavity warms and moistens incoming air
• Mucus traps particles and keeps cells lining the
nasal cavity _____
Trachea & ESOPHAGUS
• Nasal cavities open into
the pharynx
• Pharynx branches into 2
openings
– ________
– Esophagus
• Trachea
– AKA ________
– ______ (hair-like
structures) line the
trachea
– Debris gets swept by cilia
from the trachea to the
pharynx
–
Taken from Nucleus medical media
• Enlarged section of ________ (larynx), supports
the epiglottis
• ________ (AKA voicebox)
• The epiglottis is a flap-like structure which ______
the _______ when food is being swallowed
Larynx
• Air from pharynx enters larynx
• Contains 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments (vocal cords)
•
• Larynx is protected by thick cartilage (______ ____)
BRONCHIOLES
• Inhaled air moves from the
trachea to the 2 _______
• Carry air into the right and
left lungs, where they
branch into smaller airways
called bronchioles
– Bronchioles-smallest
passageways of the
respiratory tract, without
cartilage
• The lining of the bronchi
and bronchioles have
ciliated cells and mucus
secreting cells.
– Cilia beat together about 20
times/s to move dirt trapping
mucus toward the pharynx
– Ensures clean air passages &
alveoli
ALVEOLI
• Air moves from the
__________ into tiny
sacs, ________
• Each sac is surrounded by
__________
• Gases _______ between
the air and blood from
_____ concentration to
____
• Oxygen moves from the
air in the alveoli into the
capillaries
• ____ moves from the
capillaries into the air in
the alveoli
• Contain one layer of cells
to allow ______ gas
exchange
• 150 million/lung
Pleural membrane
• Outer surface
of the lungs and
the chest cavity
are surrounded
by the _______
________
• Space between pleural membranes is filled with
_____ to reduce _______ during inhalation
diaphragm
• _____ shaped
muscle,
separating the
chest cavity from
the _________
cavity
• Regulates
_______ in the
chest
Breathing movements
• Inhalation
– Diaphragm
_________, shortens
and pulls ____
– Chest volume
________ and
pressure in the lungs
________
– Pat is ________ than
pressure in chest, air
moves ______ lungs
• ____________
– Diaphragm _______
and returns to dome
shape due to the force
exerted by the organs
in the ________
– Chest volume
_________ and
pressure _________
– Pressure in lungs is
_______ than Pat, air
moves ____ of the
lungs
Practice
• Pg. 287
• Questions 1-4, 6-9
• Bill Nye-Part 1
Gas Exchange and transport
9.2
Dalton’s Law
• Gases diffuse from ____ pressure to ____
pressure
• Define Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
• Partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
depends on location
Oxygen transport
• Atmospheric air follows the following path to
enter the blood stream.
– Oral/Nasal Cavity Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea
 Bronchus  Bronchioles  Alveoli  Blood
Stream
• Hemoglobin– Heme (iron) and globin (_______)
– Each heme contains an ______ atom which binds
with _______
– Oxyhemoglobin-hemoglobin that is bound to
CO2 Transport
• ___ times more soluble than oxygen
• Small amount (9%) produced by body is
carried in the ______
• 27% combines with ___________
• Majority (64%) combines with H2O to form
________ ____ (H2CO3)
• Carbonic anhydrase _______ up the
conversion of CO2 to H2CO3
• Maintains a low partial pressure of CO2,
CO2 Continued
• Carbonic acid problematic, needs to be ________
• Carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate ions (
) and hydrogen ions (H+)
• Hemoglobin combines with hydrogen ions,
_________ the acidity
• The venous blood reaches the lungs where
oxygen dislodges the H+ from the hemoglobin
sites
• Free hydrogen and bicarbonate ions combine to
form CO2 and H2O
• The CO is eliminated during ___________
Gas Exchange
•
1.
Three physical factors affects the rate of gas exchange
across the respiratory surface...
–
the larger the area the greater the exchange
2. the concentration difference
–
the greater the ___________ between O2 concentrations in
the air, the lungs, & in the blood, the more ______ the rate of
diffusion (same principle applies for CO2 exchange)
3. the diffusion ________
–
the ________ the respiratory surface, the faster the rate of
diffusion across it...
•
human lung alveoli and capillaries are only one-cell thick
Your Job
• Pg. 288
– Questions 1-2
• Pg. 291
– Questions1-5
• Bill Nye-Part 2