Download 1 Choose words from each box to make terms related to flash

Flash memory
Unit 12
Name:
1 Choose words from each box to make terms related to flash technology. Type in the words.
flash smart memory based state LAN
card player drive technology card drive
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flash
solidwireless
USB
flashU3
Now listen to the terms, and practise saying them. Notice where the syllable stress is.
2 Complete these product descriptions by typing in terms from Exercise 1.
1 With the 4GB Gridfire
, you can back up, store, carry and offload large files
with one affordable, convenient device. What’s more,
means no moving
parts, and therefore less chance of damage if the device is dropped.
2 The 2GB One-Tech
is the best choice for high-performance results from
your digital camera and other handheld devices.
3 The STM
gives you the ability to carry your files AND your software on a
secure USB drive, by using separate partitions to …
4 The Airlink
connects your desktop PC to a network, using the latest
advanced silicon chip technology.
5 With 80GB of storage capacity, the iSing
is the only device you’ll need for
audio and video playback on the move.
3 C omplete these technical specs from an MP4 player by choosing the correct words from the
drop-down menu. Use a dictionary if necessary.
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1GB of solid-state flash memory
.
1.5” true
LCD display.
Screen
for avoiding scratches.
View
photos as well as videos.
video AMV files as well as audio AAC files.
multi music format: MP1, MP2, MP3, WMA, WMV, ASF and WAV.
Includes digital voice
with up to 36 hours
time.
FM radio.
files direct from the Internet.
Standby
for power saving.
Adapted from: http://www.kingston.com/us/company/press/article/48472
2017 Flash Press Release
Kingston Digital Doubles Capacity for World’s Largest USB Flash Drive
 2TB Capacity
 A New Ultimate in Flash Drive Storage Achieved
2017 International CES Las Vegas, NV & Fountain Valley, CA – January 3,
2017 – Kingston Digital, Inc., the Flash memory affiliate of Kingston Technology
Company, Inc., the independent world leader in memory products, today allowed/announced/concealed
DataTraveler® Ultimate Generation Terabyte (GT), the world’s highest capacity USB Flash drive.
DataTraveler Ultimate GT offers/lets/admits up to 2TB of storage space and USB 3.1 Gen 1 (USB 3.0)
execution/achievement/performance.
Power users will have the ability to deposit/store/accumulate massive amounts of data in a small form
factor, including up to 70 hours of 4K video on a lone/private/single 2TB drive*. DataTraveler Ultimate
GT offers skillful/ superior/major quality in a high-end design as it is made of a zinc-alloy metal casing for
shock resistance/friction/support. Its compact size gives the tech follower/enthusiast/participant or
professional user an easily moveable/light/portable solution to store and transfer their high capacity files.
“At Kingston, we push the frontiers/limits/ends of what’s possible,” said Jean Wong, Flash business
manager. “With the DataTraveler Ultimate GT, we empower/qualify/license users to increase their data
storage mobility in a highly manageable form factor. This is a horrible/terrible/terrific follow up to our 1TB
drive released in 2013 and by doubling/drafting/drawing the capacity, users can store and carry even
larger amounts of data easily.”
DataTraveler Ultimate GT shifts/transfers/ships in February and will be available in 1TB and 2TB
capacities. It is backed by 5-year agreement/warranty/contract, free technical support/protection/safety
and legendary Kingston reliability.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Adapted from: http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-future-of-storage-2015-and-beyond/
The future of storage: 2015 and beyond
By Rupert Goodwins | January 1, 2015 -- 12:24 GMT (04:24 PST) | Topic: Storage: Fear, Loss, and Innovation
_______ (STORE) technology develops in two dimensions: how it works and how it's used. 2015 will see
major __________ (MOVE) in both directions, although these will be evolutionary rather than
revolutionary.
The _________ (COMPETE) between flash and hard disk-based storage systems will continue to drive
developments in both. Flash has the _____ (UP) hand in performance and benefits from Moore's Law
improvements in cost per bit, but has increasing limitations in lifecycle and ________ (RELY). Finding
well-engineered _________ (SOLVE) to these will define its progress. Hard disk storage, on the other
hand, has cost and capacity on its side.
HARD DISKS
Hard disk developments continue to wring a _______(MIX) of increased capacity and either
______(STABILITY) or increased performance at lower cost. For example, Seagate _________
(INTRODUCTION) a 6TB disk in early 2014 which finessed _________ (EXIST) techniques, but
subsequently announced an 8TB disk at the end of the year based on Shingled Magnetic
Recording (SMR). This works by allowing tracks on the disk to overlap each other, eliminating the fallow
area _________(PREVIOUS) used to separate them. The greater _______ (DENSE) this allows is offset
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by the need to rewrite ______(MULTI) tracks at once. This slows down some write _________
(OPERATE), but for a 25 percent increase in capacity and with little need for expensive revamps in
manufacturing techniques.
If SMR is __________ (COMMERCE) successful, then it will speed the _______ (ADOPT) of another
technique, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR) signal processing. This becomes necessary
when tracks are so thin and/or close together that the read head picks up noise and signals from
adjacent tracks when _____(TRY) to retrieve the ______(WANT) data. A number of techniques can
solve this, including multiple heads that read portions of multiple tracks simultaneously to let the drive
__________ (MATH) subtract inter-track _________ (INTERFERE) signals.
A third major ___________ (IMPROVE) in hard disk density is Heat-Assisted Magnetic
Recording (HAMR). This uses drives with lasers strapped to their heads, heating up the track just before
the data is recorded. This ________ (PRODUCTION) smaller, better-defined ________(MAGNET)
areas with less mutual interference. Seagate had promised HAMR drives this year, but now says that
2017 is more likely.
FLASH
advances - arrays – mainstream - rapidly
Flash memory is changing_______, with many innovations moving from small-scale deployment into
the______. Companies such as Intel and Samsung are predicting major ______in 3D NAND, where the
basic one-transistor-per-cell architecture of flash memory is stacked into three dimensional ______within
a chip.
accurate- cells - circuitry - outputs - separated - voltages
Another technology that's due to become more mature in 2015 is Triple-Level-Cell (TLC) flash. Original
flash memory _____were often described as having one of two ______stored in them, one for data 1
and another for data 0. This isn't strictly true: it's more ______to think of the cells holding a range of
voltages, with any voltage in one sub-range meaning 1 and any voltage in another sub-range meaning 0.
These ranges could be quite wide and be widely _______, making it very easy for the surrounding
______to slap in good-enough voltages when writing and coping easily with sloppy ______when
reading.
designing – driver – edge - management - reliability
The big difference for 2015 is the maturation of the _____technology to overcome TLC's speed, life and
______issues. As with cutting-_____ processors and communications, the key to economic deployment
is expecting, characterising and _______for errors. One approach, by driver chip designer Silicon
Motion, layers three basic error ______systems.
errors - hardware - memory - storage - wi-fi
The first is Low Density Parity Check (LDPC), which encodes data going into the ______in such a way
that many ______encountered on reading can be detected and corrected in a mathematically reliable
way. LDPC was invented in the 60s, but was impracticable with the ______of the time; in the 90s, it
started to be adopted and is now found in_____, 10Gb Ethernet and digital TV. As such, it typifies the
range of engineering challenges and techniques coming in from outside________.
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ENTERPRISE STORAGE (find an extra word in each row)
1 The most of successful enterprise storage strategy will continue to be one that uses
2 both flash and hard disk: over in the next five years, hard disks won't begin to approach
3 flash performance, and because flash won't begin to approach the capacity needed to store
4 traditional of enterprise data, let alone the huge increases predicted when the
5 Internet of Things (IoT) starts to about store information from the billions of connected
6 devices we're promised. Enterprise storage continues to when move rapidly to a hybrid
7 model, where similar techniques, architectures and developmental models that are
8 applied both within and over beyond the enterprise's traditional boundary between
9 hardware it owns and manages, and however services it uses in the cloud. For storage,
10 that means yet a move towards distributed, virtualised systems - taking advantage
11 both of the software environments are available to make large and flexible storage
12 systems easy done to manage and scale, and increases in storage interface and networking
13 performance to break away from the traditional mix of NAS/SAN bulk storage even
14 systems and closely-coupled in-server storage for select, both high-performance requirements.
FUTURE STORAGE (correct one mistake in each row)
1Further into the future, there no sign of any new disruptive technology to break the
2 flash/hard disk duopoly. The mayor problem facing any radically different storage
3 technology are the extremely competitive market for existing techniques. This is,
4 in one sense, likes a commodity market -- vast and operating at very low margins.
5 This makes it hard for any new idea to scale up quickly enough too claw back research,
6 development and manufacturing costs in an reasonable timeframe.
7 Yet the existing storage market is also quiet unlike a commodity market in that it
8 demands and gets continuous technological development throught competition
9 in two dimensions -- between drive manuefacturers, and between solid-state and
10 rotating media. That's a competitive landscape where’s every niche is exploited,
11 so a newcomer must have some very significance advantage to be in with a chance(…)
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Adapted from: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2550624/data-center/flash-memory.html
Flash Memory (Fill in the blanks with correct words)
By Russell Kay Contributing Writer, Computerworld | JUN 7, 2010 7:00 AM PT
Definition
Flash memory is a solid-state chip _____ maintains stored data without any external power source. It is
commonly ______ in portable electronics and removable storage devices, and to replace computer hard
_________. As with _______ solid-state technologies, flash memory's history includes rapidly
increasing capacity, ever-smaller physical sizes and continually falling prices.
Flash memory is a type of electronically erasable programmable read-_____ memory (EEPROM),
memory chips that retain information _______ requiring power. (This is different from flash RAM, which
does need power____ retain data.) Regular EEPROM erases content byte ___ byte; most flash memory
erases data in whole blocks, making____ suitable for use with applications ______ large amounts of
data require frequent updates. Inside the flash chip, data is stored in cells protected ____ floating gates.
Tunneling electrons change the gate's electronic charge in "a flash" (hence the name), clearing the cell
of its contents so it can ____ rewritten.
Flash memory devices use _____ different logical technologies -- NOR and NAND -- to map data. NOR
flash provides high-speed random access, reading and writing _____ in specific memory locations; it can
retrieve as little ___ a single byte. NOR is used to store ____ phones' operating systems; it's also used
in computers for the BIOS program that runs at start-___.
NAND flash reads and writes sequentially ____ high speed, handling data in small blocks called pages.
This flash is used in solid-state and USB flash drives, digital cameras, audio and video ______, and TV
set-top boxes. NAND flash reads faster than___ writes, quickly transferring whole pages ____data. Less
expensive _____ NOR flash, NAND technology offers higher capacity for the same-size silicon. As a
NAND chip wears out, erase/program operations slow _____ considerably, causing more retries and bad
block remapping.
Flash Applications (Translate into English the following words in brackets)
USB drives: Introduced in 2002, USB drives encapsulate flash with a memory controller in a small
package offering h_____ c_________ (veliki kapacitet), fast transfer rates, flexibility and
c_______________(prikladnost); some feature b_____ - ___ (ugrađen) hardware encryption and
p__________ p________ (zaštita lozinke). Compared with floppy or optical drives, USB flash drives
s_______(pohranjivati) more data and provide easy file transfer between most d_______ (uređaji) with a
USB i_________ (sučelje).
Memory cards: These have e_______ (razviti se) from the matchbook-size CompactFlash cards
introduced in 1994 through 2001's postage-stamp-size Secure Digital cards to the latest miniSD and
microSD cards, with higher capacities and faster t_______ (prijenos) speeds at every step.
Solid-state drives: The newest flash memory application, SSDs can r______ (zamijeniti) a computer's
hard drive. They have no moving parts, so mechanical f_______ (kvar) is near zero. Solid-state drives
are quieter and smaller than hard drives, and they provide faster response, a_______ (pristup) and bootup times but consume much l_____ p________ (manje energije) and run cooler. Traditional hard
drives currently offer greater capacity and a lower price, but this will likely change.
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