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Flash memory Unit 12 Name: 1 Choose words from each box to make terms related to flash technology. Type in the words. flash smart memory based state LAN card player drive technology card drive 1 2 3 4 5 6 flash solidwireless USB flashU3 Now listen to the terms, and practise saying them. Notice where the syllable stress is. 2 Complete these product descriptions by typing in terms from Exercise 1. 1 With the 4GB Gridfire , you can back up, store, carry and offload large files with one affordable, convenient device. What’s more, means no moving parts, and therefore less chance of damage if the device is dropped. 2 The 2GB One-Tech is the best choice for high-performance results from your digital camera and other handheld devices. 3 The STM gives you the ability to carry your files AND your software on a secure USB drive, by using separate partitions to … 4 The Airlink connects your desktop PC to a network, using the latest advanced silicon chip technology. 5 With 80GB of storage capacity, the iSing is the only device you’ll need for audio and video playback on the move. 3 C omplete these technical specs from an MP4 player by choosing the correct words from the drop-down menu. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1GB of solid-state flash memory . 1.5” true LCD display. Screen for avoiding scratches. View photos as well as videos. video AMV files as well as audio AAC files. multi music format: MP1, MP2, MP3, WMA, WMV, ASF and WAV. Includes digital voice with up to 36 hours time. FM radio. files direct from the Internet. Standby for power saving. Adapted from: http://www.kingston.com/us/company/press/article/48472 2017 Flash Press Release Kingston Digital Doubles Capacity for World’s Largest USB Flash Drive 2TB Capacity A New Ultimate in Flash Drive Storage Achieved 2017 International CES Las Vegas, NV & Fountain Valley, CA – January 3, 2017 – Kingston Digital, Inc., the Flash memory affiliate of Kingston Technology Company, Inc., the independent world leader in memory products, today allowed/announced/concealed DataTraveler® Ultimate Generation Terabyte (GT), the world’s highest capacity USB Flash drive. DataTraveler Ultimate GT offers/lets/admits up to 2TB of storage space and USB 3.1 Gen 1 (USB 3.0) execution/achievement/performance. Power users will have the ability to deposit/store/accumulate massive amounts of data in a small form factor, including up to 70 hours of 4K video on a lone/private/single 2TB drive*. DataTraveler Ultimate GT offers skillful/ superior/major quality in a high-end design as it is made of a zinc-alloy metal casing for shock resistance/friction/support. Its compact size gives the tech follower/enthusiast/participant or professional user an easily moveable/light/portable solution to store and transfer their high capacity files. “At Kingston, we push the frontiers/limits/ends of what’s possible,” said Jean Wong, Flash business manager. “With the DataTraveler Ultimate GT, we empower/qualify/license users to increase their data storage mobility in a highly manageable form factor. This is a horrible/terrible/terrific follow up to our 1TB drive released in 2013 and by doubling/drafting/drawing the capacity, users can store and carry even larger amounts of data easily.” DataTraveler Ultimate GT shifts/transfers/ships in February and will be available in 1TB and 2TB capacities. It is backed by 5-year agreement/warranty/contract, free technical support/protection/safety and legendary Kingston reliability. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Adapted from: http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-future-of-storage-2015-and-beyond/ The future of storage: 2015 and beyond By Rupert Goodwins | January 1, 2015 -- 12:24 GMT (04:24 PST) | Topic: Storage: Fear, Loss, and Innovation _______ (STORE) technology develops in two dimensions: how it works and how it's used. 2015 will see major __________ (MOVE) in both directions, although these will be evolutionary rather than revolutionary. The _________ (COMPETE) between flash and hard disk-based storage systems will continue to drive developments in both. Flash has the _____ (UP) hand in performance and benefits from Moore's Law improvements in cost per bit, but has increasing limitations in lifecycle and ________ (RELY). Finding well-engineered _________ (SOLVE) to these will define its progress. Hard disk storage, on the other hand, has cost and capacity on its side. HARD DISKS Hard disk developments continue to wring a _______(MIX) of increased capacity and either ______(STABILITY) or increased performance at lower cost. For example, Seagate _________ (INTRODUCTION) a 6TB disk in early 2014 which finessed _________ (EXIST) techniques, but subsequently announced an 8TB disk at the end of the year based on Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR). This works by allowing tracks on the disk to overlap each other, eliminating the fallow area _________(PREVIOUS) used to separate them. The greater _______ (DENSE) this allows is offset 1 by the need to rewrite ______(MULTI) tracks at once. This slows down some write _________ (OPERATE), but for a 25 percent increase in capacity and with little need for expensive revamps in manufacturing techniques. If SMR is __________ (COMMERCE) successful, then it will speed the _______ (ADOPT) of another technique, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR) signal processing. This becomes necessary when tracks are so thin and/or close together that the read head picks up noise and signals from adjacent tracks when _____(TRY) to retrieve the ______(WANT) data. A number of techniques can solve this, including multiple heads that read portions of multiple tracks simultaneously to let the drive __________ (MATH) subtract inter-track _________ (INTERFERE) signals. A third major ___________ (IMPROVE) in hard disk density is Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). This uses drives with lasers strapped to their heads, heating up the track just before the data is recorded. This ________ (PRODUCTION) smaller, better-defined ________(MAGNET) areas with less mutual interference. Seagate had promised HAMR drives this year, but now says that 2017 is more likely. FLASH advances - arrays – mainstream - rapidly Flash memory is changing_______, with many innovations moving from small-scale deployment into the______. Companies such as Intel and Samsung are predicting major ______in 3D NAND, where the basic one-transistor-per-cell architecture of flash memory is stacked into three dimensional ______within a chip. accurate- cells - circuitry - outputs - separated - voltages Another technology that's due to become more mature in 2015 is Triple-Level-Cell (TLC) flash. Original flash memory _____were often described as having one of two ______stored in them, one for data 1 and another for data 0. This isn't strictly true: it's more ______to think of the cells holding a range of voltages, with any voltage in one sub-range meaning 1 and any voltage in another sub-range meaning 0. These ranges could be quite wide and be widely _______, making it very easy for the surrounding ______to slap in good-enough voltages when writing and coping easily with sloppy ______when reading. designing – driver – edge - management - reliability The big difference for 2015 is the maturation of the _____technology to overcome TLC's speed, life and ______issues. As with cutting-_____ processors and communications, the key to economic deployment is expecting, characterising and _______for errors. One approach, by driver chip designer Silicon Motion, layers three basic error ______systems. errors - hardware - memory - storage - wi-fi The first is Low Density Parity Check (LDPC), which encodes data going into the ______in such a way that many ______encountered on reading can be detected and corrected in a mathematically reliable way. LDPC was invented in the 60s, but was impracticable with the ______of the time; in the 90s, it started to be adopted and is now found in_____, 10Gb Ethernet and digital TV. As such, it typifies the range of engineering challenges and techniques coming in from outside________. 2 ENTERPRISE STORAGE (find an extra word in each row) 1 The most of successful enterprise storage strategy will continue to be one that uses 2 both flash and hard disk: over in the next five years, hard disks won't begin to approach 3 flash performance, and because flash won't begin to approach the capacity needed to store 4 traditional of enterprise data, let alone the huge increases predicted when the 5 Internet of Things (IoT) starts to about store information from the billions of connected 6 devices we're promised. Enterprise storage continues to when move rapidly to a hybrid 7 model, where similar techniques, architectures and developmental models that are 8 applied both within and over beyond the enterprise's traditional boundary between 9 hardware it owns and manages, and however services it uses in the cloud. For storage, 10 that means yet a move towards distributed, virtualised systems - taking advantage 11 both of the software environments are available to make large and flexible storage 12 systems easy done to manage and scale, and increases in storage interface and networking 13 performance to break away from the traditional mix of NAS/SAN bulk storage even 14 systems and closely-coupled in-server storage for select, both high-performance requirements. FUTURE STORAGE (correct one mistake in each row) 1Further into the future, there no sign of any new disruptive technology to break the 2 flash/hard disk duopoly. The mayor problem facing any radically different storage 3 technology are the extremely competitive market for existing techniques. This is, 4 in one sense, likes a commodity market -- vast and operating at very low margins. 5 This makes it hard for any new idea to scale up quickly enough too claw back research, 6 development and manufacturing costs in an reasonable timeframe. 7 Yet the existing storage market is also quiet unlike a commodity market in that it 8 demands and gets continuous technological development throught competition 9 in two dimensions -- between drive manuefacturers, and between solid-state and 10 rotating media. That's a competitive landscape where’s every niche is exploited, 11 so a newcomer must have some very significance advantage to be in with a chance(…) 3 Adapted from: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2550624/data-center/flash-memory.html Flash Memory (Fill in the blanks with correct words) By Russell Kay Contributing Writer, Computerworld | JUN 7, 2010 7:00 AM PT Definition Flash memory is a solid-state chip _____ maintains stored data without any external power source. It is commonly ______ in portable electronics and removable storage devices, and to replace computer hard _________. As with _______ solid-state technologies, flash memory's history includes rapidly increasing capacity, ever-smaller physical sizes and continually falling prices. Flash memory is a type of electronically erasable programmable read-_____ memory (EEPROM), memory chips that retain information _______ requiring power. (This is different from flash RAM, which does need power____ retain data.) Regular EEPROM erases content byte ___ byte; most flash memory erases data in whole blocks, making____ suitable for use with applications ______ large amounts of data require frequent updates. Inside the flash chip, data is stored in cells protected ____ floating gates. Tunneling electrons change the gate's electronic charge in "a flash" (hence the name), clearing the cell of its contents so it can ____ rewritten. Flash memory devices use _____ different logical technologies -- NOR and NAND -- to map data. NOR flash provides high-speed random access, reading and writing _____ in specific memory locations; it can retrieve as little ___ a single byte. NOR is used to store ____ phones' operating systems; it's also used in computers for the BIOS program that runs at start-___. NAND flash reads and writes sequentially ____ high speed, handling data in small blocks called pages. This flash is used in solid-state and USB flash drives, digital cameras, audio and video ______, and TV set-top boxes. NAND flash reads faster than___ writes, quickly transferring whole pages ____data. Less expensive _____ NOR flash, NAND technology offers higher capacity for the same-size silicon. As a NAND chip wears out, erase/program operations slow _____ considerably, causing more retries and bad block remapping. Flash Applications (Translate into English the following words in brackets) USB drives: Introduced in 2002, USB drives encapsulate flash with a memory controller in a small package offering h_____ c_________ (veliki kapacitet), fast transfer rates, flexibility and c_______________(prikladnost); some feature b_____ - ___ (ugrađen) hardware encryption and p__________ p________ (zaštita lozinke). Compared with floppy or optical drives, USB flash drives s_______(pohranjivati) more data and provide easy file transfer between most d_______ (uređaji) with a USB i_________ (sučelje). Memory cards: These have e_______ (razviti se) from the matchbook-size CompactFlash cards introduced in 1994 through 2001's postage-stamp-size Secure Digital cards to the latest miniSD and microSD cards, with higher capacities and faster t_______ (prijenos) speeds at every step. Solid-state drives: The newest flash memory application, SSDs can r______ (zamijeniti) a computer's hard drive. They have no moving parts, so mechanical f_______ (kvar) is near zero. Solid-state drives are quieter and smaller than hard drives, and they provide faster response, a_______ (pristup) and bootup times but consume much l_____ p________ (manje energije) and run cooler. Traditional hard drives currently offer greater capacity and a lower price, but this will likely change. 4