Download bacterial infection

BACTERIAL INFECTION
INFECTIONS
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BACTERIAL.
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IMPETIGO
FOLLICULITIS.
FURUNCULOSIS.
CARBUNCLE.
PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS.
ECHTHYMA
STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME
ERYSIPELAS.
CELLULITIS.
BACTERIAL
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IMPETIGO.
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IS AN SUPERFICIAL INFECTION OF SKIN CAUSED BY BOTH
STAPHYLOCOCCI AND STREPTOCOCCI.
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TYPES.
• CONTAGIOSA.
• BULLOUS.
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FEATURES
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CONTENTS ARE FIRST CLEAR LATER CLOUDY
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BULLAE LESS RAPIDLY RUPTURED.
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LARGER IN SIZE.
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PERSIST FOR 2-3 DAYS.
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CENTRAL HEALING AND PERIPHERAL EXTENSION MAY
GIVE RISE TO CIRCINATE LESION.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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FOLLICULITIS.
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IS A SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF A
HAIR FOLLICLE.
FURUNCULOSIS.
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IS AN ACUTE DEEP SEATED INFLAMMATION OF A HAIR
FOLLICLE.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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CARBUNCLE
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IS AN INFLAMMATION OF MULTIPLE HAIR FOLLICLE
LEADING TO MULTIPLE DISCHARGING SINUSES.
PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS
IS AN INFLAMMATION RESULTS FROM PENETRATION
INTO THE SKIN OF SHARP TIPS OF SHAVED HAIRS.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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ECHTHYMA.
IS AN PYOGENIC INFECTION OF THE SKIN CHARACTERISED BY
THE CRUST FORMATION BENEATH WHICH ULCERATION
OCCURS.
BACTERIAL INFECTION
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STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME.
SSSS IS AN EXFOLIATIVE DERMATOSIS IN WHICH MOST OF THE
BODY SURFACE BECOMES ERYTHEMATOUS AND NECROTIC
SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS STRIPS OFF
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
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ERYSIPELAS
IS A BACTERIAL INFECTIONOF THE DERMIS AND UPPER
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
WELL DEFINED RAISED EDGE.
BLISTERING IS COMMON.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
CELLULITIS
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CHRONICINFLAMMATION OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
DIFFUSE SWELLING NO REGULAR EDGES.
SEVERE CASES MAY SHOW BULLAE.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• DIAGNOSIS.
– HISTORY.
– CLINICAL FEATURES.
– ROUTINE INVESTIGATIONS.
– BLOOD SUGAR.
– SPECIMEN FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION.
• VESICAL FLUID OR ERODED OR ULCERATED
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SURFACES
• SWABS FROM NOSE AND THROAT.
BLOOD CULTURE.
SKIN BIOPSY.
SEROLOGICAL TEST.
• ASO TITRE .
• ANTI DNAase ANTIBODY.
• ANTI hyaluronidase ANTIBODY
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
TREATMENT
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GENERAL.
– FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO INFECTION SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED AND
TREATED.
– GENERAL HYGIENE AND NUTRITION SHOULD BE IMPROVED
– ANAEMIA SHOULD BE CORRECTED.
– DIABETES MUST BE TREATED.
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TOPICAL.
– WASH THE LESIONS WITH NORMAL SALINE.
– ANTIBIOTICS.POLYMYXIN GENTAMYCIN FUCIDIC ACID AND
MUPIROCIN
– ANTISEPTICS.
– ANTIPERSPIRANT.
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SYSTEMIC.
– PENICILLIN.
– ERYTHROMYCIN.
– CLOXACILLIN.
– VANCOMYCIN.
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CARRIERS.
– RIFAMPICIN.
– TOPICAL MUPIROCIN.
– TOPICAL FUCIDIC ACID.
ACNE VULGARIS
ACNE VULGARIS
ACNE
ACNE IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE PILOSEBACEOUS
FOLLICLE, WHICH IS CHARACTERISED BY THE COMEDONES,
ERYTHEMATOUS PAPULE AND PUSTULE
ACNE
ETIOLOGY;
INCREASED SEBUM PRODUCTION.
DUCTAL HYPERCORNIFICATION.
PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE.
INFLAMMATION.
OTHER FACTORS.
DIET
PREMENSTRUAL FLARE.
SWEATING.
HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE.
MENTAL STRESS.
OCCUPATION.
OILY COSMETICS.
DRUGS
HAIR FOLLICLE
DRUGS CAUSING ACNE
DRUGS
HORMONES AND STEROIDS.
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GONADOTROPHINS
ANDROGENS.
ANABOLIC STEROID.
ORAL AND TOPICAL STEROID.
HALOGENS
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BROMIDES
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IODIDES.
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HALOTHANE.
ANTIEPILEPTICS
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DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN.
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PHENOBARBITONE
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TROXIDONE.
ANTITUBERCULOUS
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ISONIAZID.
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RIFAMPICIN
MISCELLINIOUS
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CHLORAL HYDRATE
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CYANOCOBALAMIN
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DISULFIRAM
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LITHIUM
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QUININE
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SULPHER
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THIOURACIL
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THIOUREA
ACNE
CLINICAL FEATURES
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CLINICAL FEATURES
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NON INFLAMMATORY LESIONS.
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CLOSED COMMEDONES
– WHITE HEADS.
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OPEN COMMEDONES
– BLACK HEADS
ACNE
CLINICAL FEATURES
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INFLAMMATORY.
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SUPERFICIAL
– PAPULES AND PUSTULE
DEEP
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PUSTULE
NODULE
CYST
SITES
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NECK
FACE
CHEST
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SHOULDER
BACK.
ACNE
CLINICAL TYPES
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MILD ACNE
– FEW TO MANY COMMEDONES
SEVERE ACNE.
PUSTULE TO NODULES, CYSTS AND ABSCESS.
MODERATE ACNE.
MANY COMMEDONES TO PAPULES AND/OR PUSTULES
ACNE
VARIANTS
VARIANTS
– Steroid (drug) induce.
– Acne excoriee.
– Infantile acne.
– Chloracne.
– Acne conglobata.
– Pomade acne
ACNE EXCORIEE
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FEATURES.
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COMMON IN YOUNG FEMALES.
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FEMALE FIDDLE WITH SKIN TO EXACERBATE LESIONS.
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PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOTIC PROBLEMS.
CHLORACNE
– FEATURES;
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MULTIPLE COMMEDONES.
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EXPOSURE TO CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS.
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PERSISTENT AND RESISTANT TO TREATMENT.
POMADE ACNE
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FEATURES;
CAUSED BY GREASY PREPERATION USED TO DEFRIZZ
CURLY HAIRS.
SIMILAR TO COSMETIC ACNE BUT CONTAIN NON-INFLAMMED LESION.
DRUG (STEROID) INDUCED ACNE
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FEATURES;
MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH STEROIDS AND
ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS.
MOSTLY MONOMORPHOEIC LESIONS
PYODERMA FACIALE
FEATURES;
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MOSTLY SEEN IN POSTADOLESCENT FEMALES.
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OCCURS FOLLOWING A PERIOD OF STRESS.
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FACIAL FLUSHING MAY BE SEEN.
ACNE CONGLOBATA
– FEATURES;
– MOST UNCOMMON BUT SEVERE FORM.
– COMMON IN MALES.
– NODULES FUSE TO FORM DRAINING SINUSES.
– GROUPED MULTIPLE FUSED BLACK HEADS AND SCARRING.
INFANTILE ACNE
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FEATURES;
BOTH INFLAMMATORY AND NON INFLAMMATORY
LESIONS.
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TRANSPLACENTAL STIMULATION OF ADRENAL GLANDS.
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VIRILIZING TUMOR AND CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA IS RARE .
ACNE
COMPLICATIONS
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PIGMENTATION
SCAR
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HYPERTROPHIC
ATROPHIC
PIGMENTATION
SCAR
HYPERTROPHIC
KELOID
ACNE
TREATMENT
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MILD
– TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS
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TETRACYCLINE
ERYTHROMYCIN
CLINDAMYCIN
– TOPICAL BENZYL PEROXIDE
– EXFOLIANTS
• ELEMENTAL SULFUR
• RESORCINOL
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MODERATE
– BACTERIOSTATIC
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TOPICAL BENZYL PEROXIDE
– COMMEDOLYTIC
• TRETINOIN
– COMBINED TRETINOIN+ TOPICAL BATERIOSTATIC
ACNE
TREATMENT
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SEVERE
– SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS
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MINOCYCLINE FOR 3-6 MONTHS
TETRACYCLINE FOR 3_6 MONTHS.
ERYTHROMYCIN 3_6 MONTHS
– TRETINOIN
– ANTI ANDROGENIC
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CYPROTERONE ACETATE+ETHINYL ESTRADIOL
ROLE OF DERMABRASION
ROLE OF LASER IN ACNE
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