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Transcript
BACTERIAL INFECTION INFECTIONS • BACTERIAL. – – – – – – – – – IMPETIGO FOLLICULITIS. FURUNCULOSIS. CARBUNCLE. PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS. ECHTHYMA STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME ERYSIPELAS. CELLULITIS. BACTERIAL • IMPETIGO. – IS AN SUPERFICIAL INFECTION OF SKIN CAUSED BY BOTH STAPHYLOCOCCI AND STREPTOCOCCI. – TYPES. • CONTAGIOSA. • BULLOUS. • FEATURES • CONTENTS ARE FIRST CLEAR LATER CLOUDY • BULLAE LESS RAPIDLY RUPTURED. • LARGER IN SIZE. • PERSIST FOR 2-3 DAYS. • CENTRAL HEALING AND PERIPHERAL EXTENSION MAY GIVE RISE TO CIRCINATE LESION. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • FOLLICULITIS. – • IS A SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF A HAIR FOLLICLE. FURUNCULOSIS. – IS AN ACUTE DEEP SEATED INFLAMMATION OF A HAIR FOLLICLE. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • CARBUNCLE – IS AN INFLAMMATION OF MULTIPLE HAIR FOLLICLE LEADING TO MULTIPLE DISCHARGING SINUSES. PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION RESULTS FROM PENETRATION INTO THE SKIN OF SHARP TIPS OF SHAVED HAIRS. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • • ECHTHYMA. IS AN PYOGENIC INFECTION OF THE SKIN CHARACTERISED BY THE CRUST FORMATION BENEATH WHICH ULCERATION OCCURS. BACTERIAL INFECTION • • STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME. SSSS IS AN EXFOLIATIVE DERMATOSIS IN WHICH MOST OF THE BODY SURFACE BECOMES ERYTHEMATOUS AND NECROTIC SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS STRIPS OFF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • • • • ERYSIPELAS IS A BACTERIAL INFECTIONOF THE DERMIS AND UPPER SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. WELL DEFINED RAISED EDGE. BLISTERING IS COMMON. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS CELLULITIS • • • CHRONICINFLAMMATION OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE. DIFFUSE SWELLING NO REGULAR EDGES. SEVERE CASES MAY SHOW BULLAE. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • DIAGNOSIS. – HISTORY. – CLINICAL FEATURES. – ROUTINE INVESTIGATIONS. – BLOOD SUGAR. – SPECIMEN FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION. • VESICAL FLUID OR ERODED OR ULCERATED – – – SURFACES • SWABS FROM NOSE AND THROAT. BLOOD CULTURE. SKIN BIOPSY. SEROLOGICAL TEST. • ASO TITRE . • ANTI DNAase ANTIBODY. • ANTI hyaluronidase ANTIBODY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS TREATMENT • GENERAL. – FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO INFECTION SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED AND TREATED. – GENERAL HYGIENE AND NUTRITION SHOULD BE IMPROVED – ANAEMIA SHOULD BE CORRECTED. – DIABETES MUST BE TREATED. • TOPICAL. – WASH THE LESIONS WITH NORMAL SALINE. – ANTIBIOTICS.POLYMYXIN GENTAMYCIN FUCIDIC ACID AND MUPIROCIN – ANTISEPTICS. – ANTIPERSPIRANT. • SYSTEMIC. – PENICILLIN. – ERYTHROMYCIN. – CLOXACILLIN. – VANCOMYCIN. • CARRIERS. – RIFAMPICIN. – TOPICAL MUPIROCIN. – TOPICAL FUCIDIC ACID. ACNE VULGARIS ACNE VULGARIS ACNE ACNE IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE PILOSEBACEOUS FOLLICLE, WHICH IS CHARACTERISED BY THE COMEDONES, ERYTHEMATOUS PAPULE AND PUSTULE ACNE ETIOLOGY; INCREASED SEBUM PRODUCTION. DUCTAL HYPERCORNIFICATION. PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE. INFLAMMATION. OTHER FACTORS. DIET PREMENSTRUAL FLARE. SWEATING. HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE. MENTAL STRESS. OCCUPATION. OILY COSMETICS. DRUGS HAIR FOLLICLE DRUGS CAUSING ACNE DRUGS HORMONES AND STEROIDS. – – – – GONADOTROPHINS ANDROGENS. ANABOLIC STEROID. ORAL AND TOPICAL STEROID. HALOGENS – BROMIDES – IODIDES. – HALOTHANE. ANTIEPILEPTICS – DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN. – PHENOBARBITONE – TROXIDONE. ANTITUBERCULOUS – ISONIAZID. – RIFAMPICIN MISCELLINIOUS – CHLORAL HYDRATE – CYANOCOBALAMIN – DISULFIRAM – LITHIUM – QUININE – SULPHER – THIOURACIL – THIOUREA ACNE CLINICAL FEATURES – CLINICAL FEATURES NON INFLAMMATORY LESIONS. – CLOSED COMMEDONES – WHITE HEADS. – OPEN COMMEDONES – BLACK HEADS ACNE CLINICAL FEATURES – INFLAMMATORY. – – SUPERFICIAL – PAPULES AND PUSTULE DEEP – – – – PUSTULE NODULE CYST SITES » » » NECK FACE CHEST » » SHOULDER BACK. ACNE CLINICAL TYPES – – – – – – MILD ACNE – FEW TO MANY COMMEDONES SEVERE ACNE. PUSTULE TO NODULES, CYSTS AND ABSCESS. MODERATE ACNE. MANY COMMEDONES TO PAPULES AND/OR PUSTULES ACNE VARIANTS VARIANTS – Steroid (drug) induce. – Acne excoriee. – Infantile acne. – Chloracne. – Acne conglobata. – Pomade acne ACNE EXCORIEE • FEATURES. • COMMON IN YOUNG FEMALES. • FEMALE FIDDLE WITH SKIN TO EXACERBATE LESIONS. • PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOTIC PROBLEMS. CHLORACNE – FEATURES; – MULTIPLE COMMEDONES. – EXPOSURE TO CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS. – PERSISTENT AND RESISTANT TO TREATMENT. POMADE ACNE • – – FEATURES; CAUSED BY GREASY PREPERATION USED TO DEFRIZZ CURLY HAIRS. SIMILAR TO COSMETIC ACNE BUT CONTAIN NON-INFLAMMED LESION. DRUG (STEROID) INDUCED ACNE • – – FEATURES; MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH STEROIDS AND ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS. MOSTLY MONOMORPHOEIC LESIONS PYODERMA FACIALE FEATURES; • MOSTLY SEEN IN POSTADOLESCENT FEMALES. • OCCURS FOLLOWING A PERIOD OF STRESS. • FACIAL FLUSHING MAY BE SEEN. ACNE CONGLOBATA – FEATURES; – MOST UNCOMMON BUT SEVERE FORM. – COMMON IN MALES. – NODULES FUSE TO FORM DRAINING SINUSES. – GROUPED MULTIPLE FUSED BLACK HEADS AND SCARRING. INFANTILE ACNE • – FEATURES; BOTH INFLAMMATORY AND NON INFLAMMATORY LESIONS. – TRANSPLACENTAL STIMULATION OF ADRENAL GLANDS. – VIRILIZING TUMOR AND CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA IS RARE . ACNE COMPLICATIONS – – PIGMENTATION SCAR – – – – • • HYPERTROPHIC ATROPHIC PIGMENTATION SCAR HYPERTROPHIC KELOID ACNE TREATMENT • MILD – TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS • • • TETRACYCLINE ERYTHROMYCIN CLINDAMYCIN – TOPICAL BENZYL PEROXIDE – EXFOLIANTS • ELEMENTAL SULFUR • RESORCINOL – MODERATE – BACTERIOSTATIC • TOPICAL BENZYL PEROXIDE – COMMEDOLYTIC • TRETINOIN – COMBINED TRETINOIN+ TOPICAL BATERIOSTATIC ACNE TREATMENT – SEVERE – SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS – – – MINOCYCLINE FOR 3-6 MONTHS TETRACYCLINE FOR 3_6 MONTHS. ERYTHROMYCIN 3_6 MONTHS – TRETINOIN – ANTI ANDROGENIC – CYPROTERONE ACETATE+ETHINYL ESTRADIOL ROLE OF DERMABRASION ROLE OF LASER IN ACNE THANK YOU