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Practical Applications of Research-Based Learning Principles Dr. Ginger M. LeBlanc Bakersfield College Psychology Basic Research Application – Use information, techniques and skills derived from psychological science Areas: – Case Workers – Counselors – Teachers – Animal Trainers Psychology of Learning Behaviorism – Watson, Thorndike, Skinner Emphasis – Environment – Behavior – Scientific Method Principles of Learning Learning is relatively permanent change in behavior due to experiences. Derived from empirical research using nonhuman animals. Operant Conditioning – Consequences have future effect on behavior Reinforcement Increase probability of behavior Reinforcer qualities Factors influencing effectiveness: – Immediacy – Consistency – Contingency Autism Therapy Session Extinction Decrease probability of behavior Removal of reward Factors influencing effectiveness – Immediacy, consistency, contingency Side effects – Extinction burst – Low to zero levels of responding 160 Number of responses 140 Before EXT During EXT burst 120 decrement in responding 100 80 60 40 20 0 Time Shaping Differential reinforcement of successive approximations – Reward behaviors that more closely resemble desired behavior – Task Analysis Break behavior in small steps Animal Application Animal Behavior Research Husbandry Training Conclusion Valuable application of learning principles Selecting Stimulus as Reinforcer