Download weather pictorials and process grids

WEATHER PICTORIALS AND PROCESS
GRIDS
Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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SUPER SCIENTIST AWARDS
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NARRATIVE INPUT
“Speaking From Experience”
by
Judy Barden and Bianca Barquin
I helped my dad board up all of the windows in our house. I’ve never
seen him look so worried. The wind was starting to pick up and I could
hear it howling outside the boarded windows. Dad ran out one last time to
try and find Gracie, who had run off that morning.
I ran outside to try and help Dad and I couldn’t believe my eyes. The
sky, as far as one could see, was filled with dark, ominous clouds. It was so
dark that it looked like the middle of the night even though it was
lunchtime. I could hardly see through the sheets of water pouring around.
The winds had pulled our gigantic oak out by its roots, toppling it into the
power lines. Bright sparks illuminated the darkness. At first, I thought it
was lightning but then I realized the sparks were flying from the dangling
power line. I knew enough to stay away from the line and I also knew it
wasn’t safe to be outside. I didn’t want to go back into the house without
my dad and Gracie.
In the darkness I could barely make out the outline of our shed, but
the roofline was gone, as was our neighbors. I felt like the howling wind
would take me with it and was about to retreat into the house when Gracie
bolted past me. My dad was right behind her and he swooped me up into
his arms and into the house, slamming and bolting the door behind us.
I’ll never forget that fateful day. I was eight years old and my family
and I had survived a category 5 hurricane but my neighbor did not! Ever
since that day, I wanted to learn all I could about wicked weather,
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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especially hurricanes. I wanted to teach my family and community how to
be safe when a hurricane hits.
Did you know that hurricanes are powerful swirling storms with
driving rain and winds that reach 186 miles per hour? Hurricanes form
only above tropical seas. The conditions of heat and moisture are extreme
where hurricanes are forming. As the pressure falls rapidly, strong surface
winds are formed as air is sucked in towards the center of the low. At the
center, air speeds up and spirals upward. Massive amounts of water vapor
in the rising air condense and form immense cumulonimbus clouds. S the
water vapor condenses; vast amounts of heat are given out. This energy
makes the air rise even faster and also increases the speed of the surface
wind. They are one of the most destructive of nature’s severe storms. And
to me, hurricanes are also the most fascinating.
I’ve been invited to schools, parent club meetings, libraries, and
community forums to teach about hurricane safety. Did you know that it is
necessary to board up all windows with shudders or pieces of plywood?
Remember tape will not prevent windows from breaking. It’s best to stay
indoors and away from window, even when boarded. You and your family
should know your evacuation route and be prepared to follow it if an order
is issued. After the storm has passed, go outside only when necessary. If
you need to go outside, it is important to watch, carefully, for flooded areas,
fallen wires, and scattered debris.
As a meteorologist, this part of the work I do. I also forecast the
weather for our local television station. Although it may seem glamorous to
be seen on television, I know visiting groups and speaking about safety is
equally important as forecasting the weather.
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Expert Pages
Blizzards
Description
A blizzard isn’t just a bad snowstorm; it is a heavy snowstorm with blowing winds
that are above 35 miles per hour and lasts at least three hours. Blizzards blow tons of snow
into the air and can cause dangerous whiteout conditions. This means that there is so much
snow falling and blowing around that you cannot tell where the ground ends and the sky
begins. Snow is measured the old-fashioned way, with a ruler or yardstick. Snow pillows
collect snow so that the weight of it can be records.
Cause
In winter, Artic air masses sweep into the United States from Canada. The air masses
can travel as fast as a speeding car. At the same time, warm air masses enter the United
States from the south. They are full of moisture. The cold and warm air swirl around each
other which leads to the production of snow.
Effect
When the two air masses crash, there is a winter storm. That means cold
temperatures, wind, and snow. The temperature drops as the Artic air pushes the warm air out
of the way. The two types of air blow around each other. The lighter warm air rolls over the
heavy, cold air. We feel this moving, shoving, swirling air as wind. As the wet, warm air cools
off the clouds begin to shrink. This process is similar to squeezing a wet sponge. These
shrunken clouds can’t hold as much moisture.
The result is snowflakes or ice crystals, and when they are accompanied by high
winds the result is a blizzard.
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Where it Occurs
Blizzards are common in Canada and north central United States. They also occur
throughout northern Europe and Russia. They are more common on mountains and in the
Polar Regions, but they can sometimes occur in warm climates.
Safety Rules
When blizzards occur it is usually very cold and windy outside. For this reason, people
sometimes use space heaters and they need to be very careful with them. If there is not heat,
either because there is no electricity due to the blizzard or if it breaks down, a wise thing to do
is to close the doors of the unneeded rooms to reserve whatever remaining heat there is.
Then, it would be a good idea to wear layers of loose fitting, lightweight clothing. It is very
important to have a reserve of food and water to prevent dehydration.
Interesting Facts
In 1977, a blizzard occurred in Buffalo, New York. The snow drifts were over 30 feet
high. The drifts were so high that deer escaped from the zoo. They just walked over a snow
covered fence. When the snow from a blizzard begins to melt, there can sometimes be
dangerous flooding that can hurt people and ruin their property.
Another interesting fact is that the snow on mountains can cause a major hazard. If all
the snow falls on the top of a mountain, the snow can start to slide or fall down a slope causing
an avalanche. The snow can travel faster than a speeding train. Skiers, climbers and others
can get caught in an avalanche and get buried underneath the snow.
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Expert Pages
Thunderstorms
Description
Technically, a thunderstorm occurs when it has visible lightning and audible thunder.
Thunderstorms are the most common kind of severe storms. Tremendous amounts of energy
are released in the torrential rain, strong winds, thunder and lightning that accompany
thunderstorms. The most energetic storms may create hail, or even tornadoes.
Thunderstorms usually have heavy rains and winds of at least 58 miles per hour (mph).
Thunderstorms carry the sun’s energy from the surface into the cooler upper reaches of
the atmosphere. Without this “convective heat transport” it is estimated that the mean, or
average, temperature of the earth would increase by over 20 degrees Fahrenheit, making
many areas of the planet uninhabitable.
Cause
A thunderstorm starts when intense heating causes air to rise very quickly. A cloud
forms where there is an upward rush of heated air, called an updraft. Updrafts can be as
strong as 90 miles per hour. Strong updrafts keep droplets of water and ice crystals.
Thunderstorms form in cumulonimbus clouds, called thunderheads. The storms cause
lightning. The lightning heats the air and causes thunder. As more and more warm, moist air is
carried upward, the cloud grows larger.
Effect
When water droplets and ice crystals in the clouds bump together and break up as they
rub against each other in the strong currents of air. This action builds up positive electrical
charges at the top of the clouds and negative charges at the base. When the charge at the
base of the cloud gets to a certain strength, electrical energy is released and passes through
the air to another point with the opposite charge, such as the ground. When the droplets
become large enough, rain or hail begins to fall in a heavy thunderstorm. The final stage of a
thunderstorm is the most intense. The downpour of rain or hail causes strong downdrafts of
wind. The updraft-down draft combinations called a single storm.
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Where it Occurs
Thunderstorms often occur at the end of a hot summer day, when air that has been
warmed by the hot ground rises quickly into the cooling air. There are 18,000 thunderstorms
taking place somewhere in the world each and every day. They occur most often in April,
May, and June. In the United States, thunderstorms are more prevalent east of the Rocky
Mountains.
Safety Rules
If there is no indoor shelter, you need to stay away from high points of the area and
stay away from trees, metal and water. While a thunderstorm is going on you should never
ride a bike, push a lawn mower, or play baseball outside. Stay indoors and stay away from the
windows. Do not take a bath or a shower during a thunderstorm.
Interesting Facts
Each year, there are about 16 million thunderstorms around the world. Every minute,
thousands of newly formed thunderstorms sweep across the earth’s surface and lightning bolts
flash 100 times a second.
In minutes, the cumulonimbus clouds, or thunderheads, may grow several miles wide
and 40,000 or more feet high. Thunderstorms are part of the earth’s air-conditioning system.
They pump heat from the surface high into the atmosphere, where it is released into space
cooling the earth’s surface. Thunderstorms also cleanse the air and carry life-giving water fro
seas and lakes to dry lands.
You can judge the distance of a lightning stroke by timing how long it takes you to hear
the thunder. Count the number between the flash and the thunder. Divide the number of
seconds by five. The number you get is the number of miles away the lightning.
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Expert Pages
Tornadoes
Description:
Tornadoes are one of nature’s most violent storms. They are violent rotating columns of
air extending from a thunderstorm in the sky and extend all the way to the ground. Some have
created paths of damage more than a mile wide and more than fifty miles long. Tornado wind
speeds can reach in excess 250 miles per hour. The average lifespan of a tornado is
approximately 15 minutes but they can last up to an hour. Like deadly whirling brooms, they
can sweep away mostly anything in their path.
Cause:
Tornadoes come from energy released by a thunderstorm. As thunderstorms develop, a
change in wind direction along with an increase of wind speed and height create an invisible
horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air moving at high speeds within the
thunderstorm, updrafts, tilt the rotating air from horizontal to a vertical. As this happens and as
the atmospheric pressure is lowered the air begins to rush faster and faster. The center of the
funnel is a low pressure area. Air rushes into the column and rises. The air is cooled as it rises
and water vapor condenses for form the familiar funnel shaped cloud. A strong funnel extends
from the cloud and grows downward touching the ground and a tornado is formed.
Effect:
Damage fro tornadoes comes from the strong winds it produces. The biggest threat to
living creatures from tornadoes is from flying debris and from being tossed about in the sky.
Tornadoes are classified by wind speed and damage they cause (Fujita Scale):
Category:
Wind Speed (mph)
Damage Level
Effect
F-0
40-70
Light
F-1
73-112
Considerate
F-3
158-205
Severe
F-4
206-260
Devastating
F-5
261-318
Incredible
Broken
Branches,
chimney damage
Mobile
homes
overturned or pushed
off foundation
Roofs and walls torn
down,
trains
overturned
Heavy
construction
leveled
Entire homes lifted
and
carried
considerable
distances
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Where It Occurs:
Tornadoes form where dry, cold air masses mix with warm, moist air masses. Because
of this, they can occur at any time of the year in many parts of the world including Australia,
Europe, Africa, and South America. Tornadoes are most frequently found in the United States
in the central plains states; east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Appalachian
Mountains, especially during the spring and summer months. States in “Tornado Alley” (Texas,
Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska) are most at risk.
Safety Tips:
Take shelter when a tornado is nearby because they can be deadly. Move to a
predesignated shelter such as a basement or move to an interior room or hallway. Keep
windows closed. If outdoors, abandon cars and lie flat in a ditch or ravine face down covering
your head with your hands. After a tornado, watch for broken glass and power lines hat are
down. If you see people are injured, don’t move them unless they are in immediate danger.
Call for help. Pay attention to National Weather Service warnings:
Tornado watch (tornadoes are possible in the area)
Tornado warning (tornadoes have been sighted or are indicated by radar)
Interesting Facts:
Tornadoes can be detected using a Doppler radar. Storm spotters watch out for
approaching tornadoes and relay their information to the National Weather Service. Before a
tornado hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still. In an average year, 800
tornadoes are reported nationwide resulting in over 1,500 injuries and 80 deaths. No place is
safe from tornadoes. In the late 1980’s, a tornado swept through Yellowstone National Park
leaving a path of destruction up and down a 10,000 foot mountain. The deadliest tornado was
the Tri-State tornado which passed through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana in the United States
on March 18, 1925. In three and half hours it killed 695 people along a 219 mile path.
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Expert Pages
Drought
Description
A drought is when there is an extended period of below-normal rainfall. Although
“normal” rainfall varies from one region to another, droughts occur in almost all the climatic
regions of the world. There are four main types of drought: Meteorological drought, Agricultural
drought, Physiological drought, and Hydrological drought. When we think of droughts, though,
we usually are referring to Meteorological drought in which there is below average
precipitation, or rainfall. During the time of drought, the land turns arid and vegetation or plant
life may not have enough moisture to support life or growth. Droughts do not just occur when it
is hot out; cold winters with little precipitation or snow fall, can also be a period of drought.
Cause
Drought has many causes. A lack of rainfall is one obvious cause. A lack of snowfall
may also be a cause. Another cause of drought is when there is not enough water supply to
meet everyone’s needs. In order to understand why drought occurs, it is important to
understand both weather and climate. Winds cause weather patterns to move around the
Earth and over time, those patterns become a “routine” creating what we call “climate”.
Sometimes, patterns change and cause unusual weather with some areas getting more
precipitation than expected, and in the case of a drought, far less precipitation than expected.
Effect
The effects of drought are far reaching and severe affecting environments, economies
and societies. Common consequences are wildfires or bushfires, “desertification”, loss of
agricultural production, disease, thirst, famine, social unrest or upheaval, threats to public
safety, migration or relocation of those impacted (people and wildlife), and war. Not all places
experiencing drought conditions share the same effects. Although the United States may deal
with economic impacts, it does usually suffer from food shortages. Prices may go up, but
people are not starving. Other countries, however, do experience severe food shortages
resulting in famine and malnutrition.
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Where It Occurs
Drought occurs all over the world. There have been many droughts affecting the United
States and North America. “The Dust Bowl” was a series of droughts affecting the U.S. and
Canada during 1930-1937. Many areas were depopulated because people fled to other places
because the conditions were so dire. China, India, Ukraine and Volga Regions of the former
Soviet Union also had very severe droughts during the early 20th century. Presently, there are
significant drought conditions in Australia and China.
Safety Rules
Everyone is vulnerable to drought conditions and their effects. The safety rules are
more preventative or proactive than reactive. It is important to monitor and observe rainfall
and compare that to the needs of the people in that area. People, who may be affected by
famine, may need to relocate and stockpile medicine to prevent famine related illness.
Conserving water through rain water harvesting helps maintain agriculture. Creative planning
like growing crops not requiring much water in areas more susceptible to drought is also
something to consider.
Interesting Facts
There have been several significant droughts that occurred during the 20th century. In
1936, the worst drought in modern history happened in Sichuan Province, China. 34 million
farmers were displaced, forced to move, and 5 million people starved to death. Presently,
Australia is experiencing drought. Although it typically has low rainfall, there have been major
deficiencies of precipitation across much of Australia. In response, the government has placed
heavy restrictions on water usage and some places even import water from other countries.
China is again experiencing severe drought. Two thirds of all rivers have dried up and many
people and cattle are facing water shortage. Because the temperature was high, people used
air conditioning more straining the electricity supply.
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Word
Weather Cognitive Content Dictionary
Prediction
Synonyms
Meaning
Picture/Sketch
Temperature
warmth
coldness
hot
Thermometer
temperature guage
scale
instrument
breeze
tornado
hurricane
weather man
wind
meteorologist
precipitation
seasons
rain
hail
snow
winter
spring
summer
fall
Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
a degree of
hotness or
coldness defined
by a thermometer
an instrument for
determining
temperature
natural movement
of air
a person that
studies the
weather and
weather
forecasting
a state of water
that falls from a
cloud
a period of the
year
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Sentence
weather
air
atmosphere
cloudiness
clearness
wetness
dryness
heat
cold
calm
storm
oxygen
CO2
gas
the state of the
atmosphere with
respect to heat,
cold, wetness,
dryness, calm,
storm, clearness,
cloudiness
air
the air surrounding
the earth
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
an invisible gas
that surrounds the
earth
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Project GLAD
Wicked Weather
Process Grid
Severe
Weather
Description
Cause
Effect
Where it
occurs
Hurricanes
Tornadoes
Blizzards
Drought
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Safety
Tips
Interesting
Facts
INTERESTING PICTURES
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Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
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WEATHER CHANTS
The Cloud Song
Tune: " Kumbai-la-laika "
Cumulus...cumulus...cumulus cotton
Cumulus...cumulus...cumulus cotton
Thermals are risin', on the horizon
Eagles will soar, fair weather today
Cumulo...cumulo...cumulonimbus,
Cumulo...cumulo...cumulonimbus,
Hailstones and lightening, tornadoes are frightening
From thunderheads, pilots stay away
Stratus cloud, stratus cloud, stratus cloud layer
Stratus cloud, stratus cloud, stratus cloud layer
Massive cloud layer, skies getting grayer
Close to the ground, be foggy today
Oh nimbo, oh nimbo, oh nimbostratus
Oh nimbo, oh nimbo, oh nimbostratus
Oh nimbostratus, bring moisture to us
Summer is drought, our crops need the rain
.
High above, high above, oh wispy cirrus
High above, high above, oh alto-stratus
Skinny mares' tails and thick mackerel scales
Weather is changing, not far away
.
Cumulus...cumulus...cumulus cotton
Cumulus...cumulus...cumulus cotton
Thermals are risin', on the horizon
Eagles will soar, fair weather today
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Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Air Movement
Lyrics © 2006 by Kim Estes
Ochoa Middle School - Pasco School District
Classroom Educational Use Only
Tune: Oh When the Saints
Oh, warm air! It likes to rise!
Oh, warm air, it likes to rise.
Warm air is light and not dense
Oh, warm air it likes to rise.
What warms the air? The heat from land.
What warms the air? The heat from water.
The sun shines on the land and water
And then heat radiates back to the air.
Oh, cold air! It likes to sink!
Oh, cold air, it likes to sink.
Cold air is heavy and dense
Oh, cold air it likes to sink.
What cools the air? The atmosphere.
What cools the air? The loss of heat.
The air separates way up high
And gives warmth to you and me.
What makes a breeze? The way air moves.
What makes a breeze? The way air moves.
When heat rises or cold air sinks,
The air is displaced and makes a breeze.
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Water Cycle Song
Tune: Are You Sleeping
Water Cycle, Water Cycle
It’s a circle, it’s a circle
Evaporation can be first
When liquid turns to gas
It goes up, to the air
Water Cycle, Water Cycle
It’s a circle, it’s a circle
Condensation’s next
When gas turns into liquid
It forms a cloud, or fogs up glass
Water Cycle, Water Cycle
It’s a circle, it’s a circle
Precipitation’s next
When clouds are way to heavy
Rain falls down, to the ground
Water Cycle, Water Cycle
It’s a circle, it’s a circle
Runoff from the soaked land
Collects in lakes or aquifers
Or into the ocean, the water flows
Water Cycle, Water Cycle
It’s a circle, it’s a circle
Repetitive, continual,
Our water is recycled
It’s so old, the water’s old
One more part, One more part
Transpiration, Transpiration
Evaporation from plants
It’s part of photosynthesis
Into the air
The vapor rises
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I’m a meteorologist and
I’m here to say. I
study the weather
everyday.
I observe cloud cover and
check for a breeze.
I watch precipitation and count
the degrees.
Thermometers, rain gauges
and wind flags too.
We’re doing the weather
bugaloo!
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Cloud Song: Sung to the tune of Row, Row, Row Your
Boat
Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus clouds too
These are the clouds we know about
We’ll teach them all to you.
First we’ll start with Cirrus clouds
They’re found high in the sky
They’re whispy and thin with not much within
The wind can blow them by.
Next comes Cumulus
They’re puffy and they’re white
They’re fair-weather clouds and fun to watch
As they change in shape and size.
Last we have the Stratus clouds,
The lowest of them all
They’re a blanket of gray and cover the sky
So we can’t see the sun at all.
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Meteorologist Bugaloo
I’m a meteorologist and here to say
I study the weather everyday.
Sometimes, I read my instruments
Sometimes a map or book
Sometimes with weather satellites, I take a look.
Thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, too
Doing the weather forecasting bugaloo.
I study warm air rising air rising
‘cause its lighter, you see
I watch the cool air falling
‘cause of its density.
Sometimes it causes thunderstorms
Sometimes it results in snow
Sometimes it may be a hurricane
Or even a tornado
Thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, too
Doing the weather forecasting bugaloo.
Original by M. Brechtel
Adapted by L. Carta and S. Chung
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Meteorology Cadence
We just know what we’ve been told,
Meteorology’s worth its weight in gold.
Studying weather here and there,
Forecasting weather everywhere.
Sound off-Meteorology
Sound off-Weather forecasting
Sound off-One, two, three, four I’M COOL!
Tornadoes circle round and round,
Lift those houses off the ground.
On the land, tornadoes we fear.
They move our houses everywhere.
Sound off-Tornadoes
Sound off-Twisters
Sound off-One, two, three, four DUCK LOW!
Hurricanes almost the same,
Circle-round with a different name.
The difference is quite plain to see,
Hurricanes start out in the deep blue sea.
Sound off-Hurricanes
Sound off-Cyclone
Sound off-one, two, three, four RUN FAST!
Written by M. Brechtel
Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Weather Bugaloo
We’re all meteorologists and we’re here to say,
We study weather patterns every day.
We make observations and check the satellite,
And make our forecast on the news at night.
Storms, clouds, precipitation, too,
Doing the weather bugaloo!
I’m looking up and what do I spy?
Lots of different types of clouds in the sky.
Cirrus clouds are white like a feather,
When they get thicker it means warmer weather.
Storms, clouds, precipitation, too,
Doing the weather bugaloo!
Stratus clouds are gray, layered, and low,
They sometimes can give us rain or snow.
Cumulus clouds are puffy and round,
Soon after you’ve seen them good weather can be found.
Storms, clouds, precipitation, too,
Doing the weather bugaloo!
Some kinds of weather you should know,
Are rain, hail, sleet, and snow.
Hurricanes and tornadoes come on fast,
You’d better stay tuned to your weather forecast.
Storms, clouds, precipitation, too,
Doing the weather bugaloo!
Written by C. Woita
Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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Properties That Influence Weather
Tune: Military Cadence
Wind blows ocean moisture ashore
It starts to cool when it hits shore
Weather 1,2 – Weather, 3,4
Weather 1,2,3,4 – 1,2,3,4
As the water reaches the hills,
Moisture forms and begins to chill.
Weather 1,2 – Weather, 3,4
Weather 1,2,3,4 – 1,2,3,4
As the cooler moisture falls
The rise in elevation creates snowfall
Weather 1,2 – Weather, 3,4
Weather 1,2,3,4 – 1,2,3,4
Over the mountain to the other side
Warmer air begins to rise.
Weather 1,2 – Weather, 3,4
Weather 1,2,3,4 – 1,2,3,4
The warmer air creates a dry climate
And the weather cycle is now complete!
Weather 1,2 – Weather, 3,4
Weather 1,2,3,4 – 1,2,3,4
Wicked Weather - Level 5 CA
Santa Ana Unified School District - Project G.L.A.D (02/07 JB)
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