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Vocabulary and Concepts
What Is the Water Cycle?
Science Words
Water cycle [WAW•ter SY•kuhl] the process through which water moves between Earth’s surface
and the atmosphere
The sun provides the energy for water to move through the water cycle.
The water cycle is a like a circle that begins when water evaporates into the air, then condenses in
clouds, and then falls back to Earth, only to evaporate again.
-Evaporation [ee•vap•uh•RAY•shuhn] the change from a liquid to a gas.
Evaporation takes place from every river, lake, ocean, birdbath, and puddle on Earth.
-Condensation [kahn•duhn•SAY•shuhn] the change of gas into a liquid
Condensation creates clouds when water vapor touches bits of dust and changes to tiny drops of
water.
-Precipitation [pree•sip•uh•TAY•shuhn] water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface
When water droplets become too heavy to stay in the air, there is no way to prevent precipitation.
Rain, snow, and hail are kinds of precipitation, water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface.
Too much precipitation can cause flooding; too little can cause a drought.
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Forms of precipitation
Rain: is the liquid water.
Snow: is made of ice crystals
Sleet: is frozen rain
Hail: is round pieces of ice.
-Runoff [RUH•awf] water that cannot soak into the ground and instead flows across Earth’s surface
-Groundwater [GROWND•WAW•ter] water that is stored underground
Choose the best answer:
1-Maria draws the following diagram of the water cycle.
What should she label the process of water moving
from the ocean to the atmosphere?
condensation
evaporation
infiltration
precipitation
2-Water on Earth constantly moves between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere. How does water
arrive at Earth’s surface?
through runoff
through evaporation
through condensation
through precipitation
3-Water exists in various states as it passes through the water cycle. Which form of water is the most
common any time in the water cycle?
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frozen ice
water vapor
liquid salt water
ice
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4. Sleet and hail are forms of:
A clouds
C evaporation
B energy
D precipitation
Match the clue on the left to the term on the right.
1-Water moves through Earth’s ecosystems.
A. Groundwater
2-Water changes from liquid to water vapor.
B. Precipitation
3-Water vapor changes into liquid water.
C. Condensation
4-Precipitation that collects underground
D. Evaporation
5-Water that returns to Earth’s surface
Put each word in its place in the diagram
1-Evaporation
2-Condensation
3-precipitation
4-Run off
5-ground water
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E. Water cycle
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What Are Types of Weather?
Science Words
Weather [WETH•er] the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place
When you think of weather, think of the other w- words—wet and windy. If it is raining or
snowing, the weather is wet. If the air is moving fast, then the weather is windy.
-Atmosphere [AT•muhs•feer] the mixture of gases that surrounds Earth.
-The Ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere protects Earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays.
-Weather takes place in the layer of atmosphere closest to Earth.
-Humidity [hyoo•MID*uh•tee] the amount of water vapor in the air
When people complain that it’s sticky out, they mean that the humidity is high, which makes the
their skin feel sticky.
The hygrometer measures humidity
-Air pressure [AIR PRESH•er] the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth’s surface
Pressure contains the word press. When you press on something you push it. Air pressure is air
pushing down on Earth.
A barometer is an instrument used to measure changes in air pressure.
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How Is Weather Predicted?
Science Words
-Air mass [AIR MAS] a large body of air
with the same temperature and humidity throughout.
When air masses move, they come into contact with other air masses.
The border between one air mass and another is called a front.
-Wind results from air moving from areas of
high pressure to areas of low pressure
Anemometer measures the speed of wind.
Local Winds
A local winds, a wind that results from a local difference in temperature. Local winds often occur on
lakeshores or seashores.
Sea breeze:
Sea breezes happen during the day when the land is warmer.
Cooler, higher-pressure air flows from
over the water to the land, forming a sea breeze.
Land breeze
Land breezes happen at night when the land is cooler.
Cooler, higher-pressure air flows from
the land toward the sea, forming a land breeze.
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How Clouds Form
Air often contains water in the form of a gas called water vapor.
Clouds form as water vapor cools and condenses.
A cloud is made up of tiny water droplets and ice crystals, so small that air currents hold them up.
There are three main types of clouds, cumulus, cirrus, and stratus.
1-STRATUS CLOUDS
Stratus clouds form low in the atmosphere.
They usually cover the sky.
Heavy precipitation does not usually fall from stratus clouds,
but moderate rainfall or snowfall is possible.
2-CIRRUS CLOUDS
Cirrus clouds form high in the atmosphere,
where the air is very cold.
They are made mostly of ice crystals.
3-CUMULUS CLOUDS
Cumulus clouds are puffy.
They indicate fair weather, but as a cumulus cloud grows,
rain can develop.
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Tracking the Weather
weather satellite and Weather balloons collect data high up in the troposphere.
Weather satellites orbit Earth and can track the weather over very large areas.
They collect weather data, such as cloud cover,
and track storms, such as hurricanes.
Weather balloons carry tools, that measure
air temperature, air pressure, and humidity.
The weather data collected by weather satellites, weather-monitoring stations, are sent to computers.
Computers help store and analyze the data and weather patterns to make weather maps.
Meteorologists study these maps and use them to make weather forecasts.
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Name _____________________________________________
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Choose the best answer:
1-The diagram below shows a location where two air masses meet.
Which of the following does the diagram represent?
A-an air mass
B-a front
C-a hurricane
D-a prediction
2-Which of the following is a large body of air with the same temperature and humidity
throughout?
A-an air mass
B-a hurricane
C-a cold front
D-an air pressure
3-Which symbol indicates a warm front?
A-
C-
B-
D-
4-Bridget notices gray, low clouds moving in to cover much of the sky. Which kind of cloud is
she observing?
A-thunderclouds
B-stratus
C-cirrus
D-cumulus
5-Consuela records the following information in her science journal: “The temperature is 10
˚C, the wind speed is 5 km/hr, and the barometer reads 752 mb.” Which of the following is
Consuela describing?
A-atmosphere
B-climate
C-precipitation
D-weather
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Name _____________________________________________
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6-Lila observes that the sky is covered with a sheet of thick, gray clouds. What kind of weather
is most likely to occur?
A-rainy
B-sunny
C-very cold
D-windy
7-A person observing weather conditions states that the wind in an area is blowing at 5 km/hr.
Which tool could the weather observer have used to gather this information?
A-
C-
B-
D-
8. Sleet and hail are forms of:
A clouds
B energy
C evaporation
D precipitation
Use this space to complete the graphic organizer.
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Name _____________________________________________
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Vocabulary and Concepts
Complete the following:
anemometer
water cycle
precipitation
evaporation p
condensation
barometer
land breeze
air mass
warm front
1.A breeze moving from the land to the sea is a _______.
2.Air pressure is measured with a _______.
3.A gas changes to a liquid during the process of _______.
4.A large body of air is called an _______.
5.Water that falls to Earth from the air is known as _______.
6.A liquid changes to a gas during the process of _______.
7.Warm air pushes forward and moves over cold air along a _______.
8.Wind speed is measured with an ____
___.
9.The movement of water through the environment is known as the _______.
-Answer the following:
Examine the diagram of a seashore. Why do sea breezes form?
.
.
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