Download From the Editor: Introduction, Definitions, and Historiography: What

From the Editor: Introduction, Definitions, and Historiography: What Is Atlantic History?
Author(s): Alison Games
Source: OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 18, No. 3, The Atlantic World (Apr., 2004), pp. 3-7
Published by: Organization of American Historians
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From the Editor
Introduction,
and
Definitions,
Historiography
is Atlantic
What
Alison
What is Atlantic history and what does it have to offer those
who teach the history of the geographic region that became
the United States? This issue of the OAH Magazine of
to a field of study with
is
dedicated
History
a
neither
ally
accepted
nor
definition
single
even
Games
the Atlantic
varied
coast were
economic,
nonetheless
social,
issue
This
of a departure
readers'
a
and
ing problems
issues
focus
controversies
eral
this
Instead,
that
the
range
a
one
American
small
history,
interconnected
large, multifaceted,
and
African
trade
1492
voyage
only
sphere by 1888, but not until themiddle of
the twentieth century inmuch of Atlantic
therein.
Itespecially focuses on those people whose
section
topher
1492.
transformed
of the four
continents
by
after
momentous
Columbus's
These
the
are not
societies
for example,
North
America,
or the western
or
the
region
lantic
Chris
and
coast
surround
of
historians
perspective
Within
who
explore
convergences,
around,
itself?
another.
seeking
the space
and these four
an At
adopt
commonalities
larger
patterns
derived from the new interactions of people
in
necessarily
places along the Atlantic Ocean
Peru,
continents,
inter
voyage
pro
generally
and
independence,
through
one
marks
The abo
possible
1825,
ending.
lition
of slavery?in
the western
hemi
of these four centuries
were
interactions
revolution
Africa?provides
societies
world.
vide a good starting point and the age of
Ocean
contained
about
century and especially
Atlantic history is most literally the
study of a geographic region: the four
continents
that surround the Atlantic
the people
or
traders,
rather
transformations,
experiences,
in one place
in terms of condi
Columbus's
portion.
and
trans
their world
example?but
in themid-fifteenth
con
comprises
found
contact?ports,
for
European
tained within a newly revitalized field of
which United States and, more broadly,
North
its
If its beginning point is relatively fixed,
Atlantic history's terminus ismore fluid.
issue
of approaches
and
around
tions deriving from that place's location in
on emerg
in estab
particular
of
points
explaining
and events
suggesting
subjects.
showcases
Indians
migrants,
areas of specialization
while
innovative ways to teach these
lished
trade
diets
formed by pathogens, animals, and plants
well before they laid eyes on a European.
Nor is Atlantic history only about the lit
something
from other
to sharpen
strive
marks
slave
while
repercussions,
American
field so inchoate and so elusive that al
though its practitioners debate particular
issues vigorously, the field as awhole has
no overarching points of historiographic
contention.
in the
ensnared
and political
the world were altered by the new products of the Americas. Many
gener
parameters,
chronological
History?
"Europe supported
by Africa and America," from volume two
of John Gabriel Stedman's
Narrative, of a Five Year Expedition
1796. Image courtesy of the Lilly Library, Indiana
(London,
University
ing the Great Lakes. Places and people on
Bloomington.)
the Pacific coast of the Americas were
engaged in processes originating from the Atlantic, regardless of their
actual geographic location. Africans who lived hundreds ofmiles from
within,
and
across
the Atlantic.
At the same time, the Atlantic did not
form amonolithic region. The Atlantic world
may be a coherent unit of analysis, but that
does
not mean
that
it was
singular,
uni
form, or harmonious. While people in the
Atlantic world might have shared common ordeals that recurred over
time
in different
places,
there
were
also marked
variations.
OAH Magazine of History
Indeed,
April 2004
3
is no
there
nor
on the Atlantic,
perspective
single
a
narrative
single
that
"circum-Atlantic
history:
history,"
as a whole
thrust
and is the main
which
which
history
number
a comparative
emphasizes
looks at a particular
place
can be
fruitfully
taught
lesson
below
all
include
place?a
perspective,
now
universities
and
introductory
provide
advertise
General
Atlantic
interdisciplinary
journal,
forum
for research.
and
Colleges
in Atlantic
for
both
for positions
history
advanced
example, Atlantic History
state,
colony,
as Dennis
Education
An
Mode
imedici
gl'infermi
might
gration,
consumption,
transmission
place
lie elsewhere. The essays in this
volume
larger
in one
events
for
the
illustrate
the
perspective?explaining
of the great Atlantic
the confluence
that
or
warfare;
focused
disease
shaped
and
In each
case,
the contributors
labor
issue
have
Nel
qnando
any of the different nations within the
Atlantic. Set within the Atlantic World,
the United States, in both its colonial
in tutte
&
I'altrc?
I'ljata Spagnuola^
i lot tncdici voleuano
curare
in*
qmkhe
fermo^ndauano
and early national
shared more
periods,
in
and new nations
other colonies
nel luogo dou'cgUflaua a darli
ilfumo>&
quando
cura
to,la MAggwr
era bemimbriacato
infe
,pointornando
with
erafht~
diceua
the Americas
mille mater ie^dieffeteflat 0 at concilia degli Dei,
pajfando pifioni atte, voltauano poi Vinfermo
1re b
qmttro volte, & tofregauano conlemani
il
beyond the national borders of a single
trans
privi
national
has come
history
of measures.
number
by any
the existence
of
tion
decades
perspective
of a cadre
of schol
particular
history,
and,
European
and American
larly aggressive
in their
pursuit
added benefit of helping
the
shadow
of the new
perspectives
Atlantic
history,
of colonial
North
Historians
predilection.
feature of the past
to represent
tend
overwhelmingly
economic
African
the
diaspora,
history,
For
colonial
historians
British
history.
increasingly,
and to integrating
perspectives
America
have
of an Atlantic
context,
are
a natural
been
which
particu
has the
them extricate early American history from
United
States
and
the nationalism
that
infuses
its history. Greatly bolstered by the support of Harvard University's
International Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World <http://
4
OAH Magazine of History
to this
contributors
gathered
here
issue.
research
American, history. Their insights build
on
research
in multiple
April 2004
and
and Dutch,
ian,
Spanish,
eluding
in different
archives
in multiple
in
languages,
French,
scholars
to juggling multiple
accustomed
the
historians
history,
early modern
the African
European
diaspora,
history,
and United
States,
particularly
early
have
approaches
(2). These
fields?colonial
history
environmental
European visitors often depicted
indigenous treatment of illnesses.
This interest reflected in part the increased frequency of disease
Indian populations.
Benzoni, La Historia
among
(From Girolama
del Mondo Nuova
[Venice, 1572].)
Although
offered useful explanatory power is a distinguishing
two
of
The
its own
of the twentieth
the emergence
century,
ars for whom
Atlantic
perspective
inter
The
of Atlantic
and teach in the fields of world history,
into
an Atlantic
dates from the middle
it differed.
than
is reflected in the fields of specializa
leges history without borders.
Atlantic
is in any way
the story
although
of Atlantic
approaches
a
in which
the ways
they challenge
of
national
of
history
exceptionalism
looked
to explain
entity
important
political
formations.
Atlantic
then,
history,
explicitly
nor do
States,
tant dimension
configurations.
and lesson
plans,
in essays
to this
essays
are not
are
teenth century through the rise of the
coffee house, itself a product of Atlantic
commodities
re
that
American,
uniquely
in the eigh
culture
political
examining
a story
the
and
knowledge?that
The
approach.
might be uniquely Atlantic. One impor
and
in the context of British abolition and the
solidification of racialized citizenship
during the creation of the United States;
or
of
transfer,
plans here
on the United
convey
they
to Africa
migration
exploring
dis
empires
in
of factors
integration
by exploring
the Americas
quire
and lesson
revolution,
conquest,
cultural
an Atlantic
this
of
advantages
history.
swer that question.
the
illustrate
They
to funda
of answers
power
explanatory
mi
historical
mental
questions?about
in this
explanations
in Atlantic
pur
in United
States or North
specialize
American
The essays
and les
history?
son
to an
contained
here hope
plans
nel
regional
larger
an ap
provides
history
of na
that
the
requires
rejection
proach
assumes
tional histories.
Atlantic
history
that
can
who
chc tengono
medicare
degrees
in
students
What canAtlantic history offer those
DEL
DELVHTSTOBJB
At
for
University,
Georgetown
in history.
Graduate
at some
institutions
requirement
Atlantic
context,
At
classes.
(History 3) fulfills one half of the college's
answers
seek
aspects
in seminars,
research
another
sue
that
world.
who
those
soon
will
Studies,
in scope;
lantic perspective should only be invoked
if the Atlantic offers a logical unit of
But for
analysis.
and explanations
colloquia,
of
direction
of Atlantic
to present
opportunities
regular
A new
and workshops.
the
history
answers
require
Atlantic
questions
the entire
of a single
an Atlantic
in different
find
history
demonstrates.
Not all subjects are Atlantic
not
experience
"trans-Atlantic
issue;
history,"
and "cis-Atlantic
approach;
history,"
an Atlantic
context
within
(i). Atlantic
from
any vantage
any
point,
through
the history
be taught within
plan
the Atlantic
of this
and
of approaches,
or nation?can
likewise
1.Maika's
takes
which
under
www.fas.harvard.edu/~atlantic/index.html>,
Bernard
historians
Bailyn,
engaged
emerges. David Armitage has identified three different types of Atlantic
Ital
German,
countries.
They
bring the historiographic conventions of a number of subfields to
Atlantic history, thus reinforcing the heterogeneity of the field itself.
Atlantic
are
which
disease.
ways
dents
history
privileges
of this
the focus
These
themes
to explore
to engage
delineate
linked?by
elsewhere,
offer
connections
issues
some
migration,
of the most
three
interactions,
obvious
and
and
accessible
to enable
interest.
contemporary
world
the people
of the Atlantic
and
of news
in one
and
region
culture,
of
and
commodities,
the Atlantic
around
in which
ways
commodities
produced
by the transmission
and
issue:
of historical
the many
the
connections
and
stu
They
were
consumed
by networks,
and
by diseases that came from far away but had an enormous
another
of
part
impact in
Disease figures in J.R.McNeill's article, "Yellow Jackand Geopolitics:
Environment, Epidemics, and the Struggles for Empire in the American
Tropics,
and
1650-1825,"
in Karen
E. Carter's
lesson
"Disease
plan,
in the
Atlantic World, 1492-1900." Both contributors explore the different ways
inwhich epidemic diseases affected all of the populations of the Atlantic.
Disease shaped the geopolitics of the Atlantic world. It facilitated con
as American
Europeans,
and devastating
diseases.
quest
by
unfamiliar
enous
of
commentators
the Americas,
to prepare
of how
to a range
of
and indig
European
theme of the invasion
succumbed
for
Indeed,
a recurring
of Chocolate,"
quests
Karen
Carter
Norton
Marcy
their
and
preparation
us that
reminds
then,
and
them
helped
corrosive
of some
and,
secure
in
ultimately,
tling of those empires.
the
potent
Then,
America
colonial
ern Atlantic.
He
both
tion
production,
North
als
shaped
such
illnesses,
mosquito-born
particular
danger
men,
his
second
theme
overarching
in search
of goods
to trade?salt,
and
chocolate
sugar, became more
Atlantic
conquests
to learn how
needed
are
two
nection
new
in
the coffeehouse
engages
im
globalization
that students
and
also
about
choices
number
of
can
contemporary
issues.
of con
than
form
any other
interaction
within
and
The
gion.
varied
re
the
of
circumstances
the emergence
shaped
of cul
tures around the Atlantic, both through
were highly controversial.
Commodities
This
image depicts
in a negative
the use of coffee and tobacco
light. (From Two
Broadsides
courtesy
Against Tobacco
1672], page
[London,
of the Folger Shakespeare
Library.)
and
as malaria,
some
shaped
the
of
as McNeill
notably,
illus
this
issue
is
commodities.
ivory,
spices,
fabric,
minerals
such
these
of
which
questions
migration
most
rise
the
more
world
Other
like
commodities,
products.
in Europe
and elsewhere
readily available
through
and environmental
transformations.
Europeans
to use
Euro
third theme of the volume is
migration, which defined the Atlantic
such as gold and silver, and dyes. They found these commodities, but
they also found many others with which they were unfamiliar. To
bacco
a
often
in which
The
Europeans ventured across the Atlantic and south toWest and Central
Africa
one
and
plan,
consumption
to any
apply
and historical
of
of
on
lesson
portant
trates, the destruction of empires and the emergence of the first two
republics of the western Atlantic, the United States and Haiti.
The
was
commodities
affair,
and their own culture. Christopher Doyle
most profound political transformations in the Atlantic world in their
to European
cura
the great
of production,
but also the ritu
re
Commodities
consumption.
their own spaces,
their own rituals,
of
focuses
military conventions all joined to create aworld conducive to the aedes
aegyptimosquito and the spread of yellow fever. In turn, yellow fever and
other
new
quired
re
a number
rivalries
and
peans learned from Indians not only the
of the west
imperial
a secular
madrigal,
tobacco
of
methods
and Africans,
the environ
Europeans
that
sustained
transformations
sugar
a
wrote
protracted
variables converged to provide a world in
which yellow fever thrived. Migration of
mental
deeply
in
also
essay
controversial.
tive powers of the plant (3).The introduc
mortality similarly shaped geopolitics.
McNeill examines the differential impact
of yellow fever on the African, European,
populations
that
argues
were
unprocessed
produced themselves. This continued high
mortality shaped colonial societies as fully
as any other feature. High and differential
and American-born
Her
chocolate.
song, about tobacco in which he evoked
in both music and lyrics the mind-spin
ning impact of the powerful nicotine of
settle
never
populations
of
(1575-1623)
by the high mortality of European settlers.
In the Chesapeake, decades passed before
the colonial population could sustain itself
without infusions ofmigrants, while in the
Carolinas, Georgia, and the colonies of the
Caribbean,
to the
complex
readers
The English composer Thomas Weelkes
disman
Colonial
and
In "Con
Indian products
and practices;
and the effects
were
unknown.
substances
The more
powerful
commodities
the more
their use.
debated
were,
Europeans
as now,
were
narcotics
in
celebrated
songs.
popular
powerful
em
their
in southeastern
especially
were
and in the Caribbean,
ments,
social
of
adaptation
of the more
pires, it similarly played a role in settlement
patterns
the
also
Europeans did not know how to use them; they feared the possibly
in particular
focuses
introduces
consumption
as now,
commodities
on the havoc wreaked by smallpox among
the indigenous people of New France.
If disease facilitated conquest by Euro
peans
but
them,
story of chocolate and how Europeans adopted Indian practices
false game and then drawing on the Jesuit
Relations,
consume
and
set
by soldiers,
inventive
true or
an
Using
Indians
was
disease
alike,
whether
or traders.
tlers,
terms
cultural contexts inwhich commodities might be employed.
the world.
substances
not
just
in practical
63.
the
transmission
pean
tion
cultures
Image
of African
in
and
(4). Because
transforma
was
slavery
Euro
and
their
the
subject
of the April 2003 OAH Magazine ofHis
tory, it is not featured in this issue, but
themigration of enslaved Africans is certainly the dominant story of
transatlantic migration, and all who teach migration in this period
should be acutely aware of the striking disparity in statistics between
African
and
European
1,042,100
example,
and
ing mainland
cans
in the
same
Between
migration.
Europeans
Caribbean
1800,
for
includ
America,
to 2,333,140
Afri
compared
are even more
pronounced
colonies,
The
period.
and
1600
to British
migrated
disparities
the two regions of British settlement: 752,200 Europeans
migrated to the mainland,
compared to 287,600 Africans, while
within
289,900
Europeans
2,045,550 Africans
numbers
continue
to be
striking,
traveling across the Atlantic
1800,
Africans
compared
clearly
did Europeans,
to
migrated
the
Caribbean,
compared
to
(5). Incorporating the entire western Atlantic, the
with
to 1,410,000
Europeans
as coerced
traveled
and
especially
African
7,615,000
to the Americas
captives
in the period before
between
1500
captive
laborers,
and
1783 (6).
but so too
those from the British
Isles to British
OAH Magazine of History
April 2004
5
of whom
the majority
colonies,
laborers.
bound
were
People
is one
the most
the
valuable
of violence
and
in North
and
Even
"voluntary''
ostensibly
were
migrations
to migrate.
sions
that were
patterns
in scope.
Migration
often
triangular
were
also
that shaped deci
shaped
two
The
in eco
embedded
by
on
essays
about
decisions
In "German-Speaking
travel.
a place defined
migration
cultures
Roman
on
a
long
of miles
colonies
to west
phe
nomenon inUnited States his
were
patterns
the
around
"Come,
Sirrah
Jack, Ho,"
from
four continents
continents
frame.
cultures
these
at work.
to colony,
as
Africa
they also ventured
of return migration
to
returned
of migrants
15 percent
to
the Americas
east, from
are
for Europeans
Trade: African
Her
Leone.
more
and many
England,
delineates
essay
settlement
focuses
migration
of
on
two
the
networks
important
(Boston, MA:
consisting
Marion
Liberia.
English
Menzin's
travelers
lesson
to the mainland
plan
on
J. Maika's
lesson
plan,
"New
York
was
a
Always
Amsterdam,"
provides
a capstone
to the
issue
by
engaging
a
single
fundamental question: What did itmean to live in a single place in the
Atlantic world? He answers this question by exploring the global
nature
century,
of New
Amsterdam
reminding
us
under
that New
6 OAH Magazine of History
Dutch
in the seventeenth
dominion
York was
April 2004
always
a
place
shaped
by
its
Beacon
Press,
1992).
in Armitage
and Braddick,
eds.,
The British
Dewald,
ed., Europe
(New York: Charles
1991.
eds. The British Atlantic World, 1500
David and Michael
J. Braddick,
Armitage,
2002.
1800. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
Itinerario 20 (1996): 19-44.
"The Idea of Atlantic History."
Bailyn, Bernard.
P. and Anthony
eds. Colonial
Canny, Nicholas
Identity in the Atlantic
Pagden,
colonies,
Global City: The Impact ofWorld Trade on Seventeenth-Century New
of the Atlantic
Slave
plications
American
Destinations
and New World
for further
Suggestions
reading:
in
Ida and James Horn, eds. 'ToMake America':
Airman,
European Emigration
CA: University
of California
the Early Modern
Period. Berkeley,
Press,
but reminds us of the many variables that shaped decisions about
and of the centrality of labor to colonial development.
Dennis
For
issues
in Jonathan
"The Atlantic
Games,
Ocean,"
of the Early Modern World
1450-1780,: Encyclopedia
Scribner's
Sons, 2004).
6. Alison
migration
Finally,
is hotly debated.
applied to Africans,
see, for example, Paul E. Lovejoy,
these
Enslaved
Africans
"Identifying
in the African
from
Diaspora,"
in the
ed.,
Lovejoy,
Identity
Regional Origins,
in David
Eltis
Games,
5. Alison
"Migration,"
Atlantic World, 41.
of Africans and people of African descent in the United States and in
Canada and British and American abolitionists, who organized the
migrations that created the British colony of Sierra Leone and the
American
the Atlantic
and David Richardson,
eds., Routes to
Developments,"
in
Transatlantic
Slave Trade
and
the
Direction,
Slavery:
Ethnicity,
Mortality
and Richard Price,
(London: Frank Cass, 1997), 122-45; Sidney W. Mintz
Culture: An Anthropological
The Birth of African-American
Perspective
fiend
anticipated a return but died before achieving their goal. Nemata
Blyden's essay, "Back to Africa: the Migration of New World Blacks to
Sierra Leone and Liberia," highlights one such migratory flow in her
survey of those Africans and people of African descent who elected to
leave the Americas for Africa, specifically for the colonies of Liberia and
Sierra
to
of migrants
ability
of Old World
elements
across
and ethnicities
Shadow
(New York:
of Slavery
Continuum,
1-29; Philip
2000),
D. Morgan,
Im
"The Cultural
ishly difficult to determine, but in the seventeenth century asmuch as
10 to
cultures
world,
cross
they traveled. And
Rates
and Europe.
and
frame.
in Philip Ledger, ed., The Oxford
Book of English Madrigals
(Lon
Press
don: Oxford
University
4. The
transfer
and the ocean
ing imperial and national bor
ders
continents
the
period
of people
convergence
these
of
Department,
1978), 70-1.
This song is available on numer
ous recordings
and is generally
to students.
amusing
frequently
Atlantic
colony
19-44.
(1996):
Weelkes,
3. Thomas
varied
also
moved
People
from
more
far
but
tory,
early modern
Endnotes
Ifthe United States was only one small corner
of the Atlantic World, itwas nonetheless for
the entire modern period a place defined by
the transforming convergence of people and
away.
as an east
treated
corner
small
Music
is generally
Migration
the ocean
and
and
to ven
Empire
and expensive
journey to English
thousands
continents
the cir
encouraged migrants from the
Holy
ture
by the transforming
religious
that permitted
of information
one
only
the entire
in David Armitage
"Three Concepts
of Atlantic History,"
J. Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World,
(New
1500-1800
York: Palgrave Macmillan,
11-27.
2002),
2. See especially
Itinerario 20
Bernard Bailyn, "The Idea of Atlantic History,"
across
east
to migrate
not west
into
but rather
the Atlantic,
who
the small minority
elected
Beiler's
essay explores
Europe.
to travel west. Her research
created primarily
reveals
networks,
complex
culation
for
Armitage,
and Michael
tended
circles,
of four
was
i. David
central
dissenting
compet
in
Immigrants
the British Atlantic World, 1680-1730," Rosalind J.Beiler uncovers the
networks that furthered the migration of German-speaking people
within the British Atlantic world. German-speaking people in general
within
and
can
States
If the United
society.
it was nonetheless
Atlantic
world,
interactions
illustrate the complex web of information and experience that shaped
people's
and Afri
Indians,
Europeans,
where
reluctant
proximity,
ing empires shared contested borders, and where the heterogeneity,
innovation, and hybridity of any single place were both a product and
reflection of Atlantic connections and a defining attribute of Ameri
subor
dination.
nomic, political, religious, and cultural dislocation
generally replicated for any
where
America,
place
single
cans
lived in uncomfortable
across the
of enslavement
coercion,
global ties. His approach can be more
as
Atlantic
commodities
So the larger story of migration
of the Atlantic world.
Atlantic
across
ventured
among
-,
Press,
World,
NJ: Princeton
University
1500-1800. Princeton,
ed. Europeans on the Move: Studies on European Migration,
Press,
Oxford, UK: Oxford University
1994.
Cook, Noble David. Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest,
1987.
1500-1800.
1492-1650.
UK: Cambridge
Press,
University
1998.
Cambridge,
and Cultural Conse
Crosby, Alfred W. The Columbian
Exchange:
Biological
CT: Greenwood,
quences of 1492. Westport,
1972.
Curtin,
Philip D. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays inAtlantic History.
Second Edition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press, 1998.
The Old World and the New, 1492-1650. Cambridge,
John Huxtable.
Press, 1970.
University
Cambridge
Eltis, David. The Rise of African
Slavery in the Americas.
Cambridge,
Press, 2000.
University
Cambridge
Alison.
Borders: Teaching
American
Games,
"History without
History
Indiana Magazine
Atlantic Context."
of History 91 (1995): 159-78.
Elliott,
-.
UK:
UK:
in an
Klooster
and Alfred
Americas.
Mann,
Kristin
Padula,
eds.,
The Atlantic
Imagination.
Upper
the Odds:
Free Blacks
Saddle
Essays on
NJ: Prentice
World:
River,
in the Slave Societies
of the
London:
Frank Cass,
1996.
Edna G. Bay, eds. Rethinking
and
a
Making
of Black Atlantic
Frank Cass, 2001.
World
the African Diaspora:
the
in the Bight of Benin and Brazil. London:
I
The Shaping of America: A Geographical
Perspective on 500 Years
Volume
I, Atlantic America,
1492-1800. New Haven, CT: Yale
Press,
1986.
Syndey W. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar inModern History.
New York: Viking,
1985.
David. Africa's Discovery
Northrup,
of Europe, 1450-1850. New York: Oxford
Press, 2002.
University
University
"Round
Press,
1995.
University
eds. Atlantic
American
Societies: From
Karras, Alan L. and J. R. McNeill,
Columbus
1992.
through Abolition
1492-1888. London: Routledge,
"The Rise and Transformation
In
of the Atlantic World."
Klooster, Wim.
and
Slavery, Migration,
Hall, 2004.
Landers,
Jane G., ed. Against
of History.
Mintz,
and the Origins of the English Atlantic World.
Migration
Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University
Press, 1999.
-.
Itinerario 23 (1999):
"Teaching Atlantic History."
162-73.
David. Citizens of theWorld: London Merchants
and the Integration of
Hancock,
the British Atlantic Community,
UK: Cambridge
1735-1785. Cambridge,
Wim
D. W.
Meinig,
Table
Conference:
Nature
The
of Atlantic
Itinerario
History."
23
(1999): 48-173.
Stuart B., ed. Implicit Understandings:
and
Schwartz,
Reporting,
Observing,
on the Encounters Between
Reflecting
Europeans and Other Peoples in the
UK: Cambridge
Press, 1994.
Early Modern Era. Cambridge,
University
in theMaking
Thornton,
John Kelly. Africa and Africans
of the Atlantic World,
Second
edition.
UK: Cambridge
1400-1800.
Cambridge,
University
Press,
Alison
1998.
Games
is associate
professor
of history
at
University.
Georgetown
She is the author ofMigration and the Origins of the English Atlantic
World (1999), which won the 1999 Theodore Saloutos Book Award in
American Immigration History from the Immigration and Ethnic History
Society.
She has also written
articles
on various
aspects
of the seventeenth
centuryAtlantic World and on teaching Atlantic history, which she offers
as an
introductory
...Top ljoup courses
survey
course
at
Georgetown.
in Larlij American
history
1
"Colonial America
is a good, solid
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1
history of the colonization
covers the
America
that accurately
j
roles and contributions
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|
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|
Rick Pointer, Westmont College
1
y
I
HH^fl^^S^HI^^^^P
Atlantic
peoples of the four continents,and discusses the social,
Lives
A Comparative
Approach
to Early America
Timothy J. Shannon, Gettysburg College
?2004
272 pages
Paper
ISBN 0-321-07710-5
each chapter
thematically,
new reader features
Organizedof this
primary
source selections
that place Early
a
American
in comparative
History
context with
the wider Atlantic World.
are drawn
The selections
from a wide
of non-traditional
travel narratives
including
variety
Africa,
the Caribbean,
sources,
from West
is very well balanced
"The material
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expansion
in the western
the
Africa,
hemisphere,
native American
and the
populations,
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and American
natives."
1
Africans,
- Tom
Baptist
Wayland
University
Ray,
To order examination
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111
and Latin America.
OAH Magazine of History
April 2004
7