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Captain’sTryouts2017 DynamicPlanet–Key Writtenby:AraneeshPratap(ChattahoocheeHighSchool) Instructionsforgrading • For1-20:Asingleletterisgivenasthecorrectanswer.1pointeach • For21-30:Multiplepossibleanswersforeachquestion.1/2pointeachfora)everylettercircled onboththeteam’sanswersheetandthekey,andb)everyletternotcircledonboththeanswer sheetandthekey.Eachquestionhasfourchoices,sothemaxscoreperquestionis2points. • For31-50:Maximum1point.Canearnpartialcreditforsomeless-specificanswers(see question) • For51-57:asampleanswerisgiven,alongwiththingsthatmustbewrittentogainpoints. • Thesectiontotalsincludelocationstoaddupbothearnedandmissedpoints,whichcanbe checkedtoensurethattheyadduptothetotalpossiblepointsasanothermeasuretoprevent gradingmistakes. • Tiebreakers(inorder):11,24,33,41,45,52,54,57(i.e.checkquestion11forbothteams,if thatdoesn’tbreakthetiethenmoveontoquestion24,etc.) • MaximumScore:83points SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key1 1. D̠ 16. D̠ 2. B̠ 17. C̠ 3. D̠ 18. C̠ 4. B̠ 19. D̠ 5. C̠ 20. B̠ 6. D̠ 21. ABCD 7. D̠ 22. ABCD 8. D̠ 23. ABCD 9. A̠ 24. ABCD 10. A̠ 25. ABCD 11. D̠ 26. ABCD 12. C̠ 27. ABCD 13. B̠ 28. ABCD 14. A̠ 29. ABCD 15. D̠ 30. ABCD Total:15̠ Total:25 31. IntermontaneBasinorValley(1point)̠ 32. Theoceanicplate(1point)̠ 33. Noneofthem(1point)̠ 34. Lithosphere(1point)̠ 35. Asthenosphere(1point)(1/2pointifjust“mantle”)̠ 36. OceanicCrust(1point)̠ 37. ContinentalCrust(1point)̠ SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key2 38. StratovolcanoorFelsicvolcano(1point)(1/2pointifjust“volcano”)̠ 39. MélangeorAccretionarywedge(1point)̠ 40. Serpentinization(1point)̠ 41. EclogitemetamorphismorEclogite(1point)̠ 42. TheWilsonCycle(1point)̠ 43. B(1point)̠ 44. DandE(1pointifboth,1/2pointeach)̠ 45. Peneplain(1point)(1/2pointifjust“plain.”Nopointsfor“coastalplain”)̠ 46. Craton(1point),(1/2pointfor“continent”)̠ 47. Clockwise(1point)̠ 48. West(1point)̠ 49. North(1point)̠ 50. SouthAmerica(1point)̠ Total:20 51. Cordilleransubductionoccurswhenanoceanicplatesubductsbeneathacontinentalplate, whileinIslandArcsubductiontheoceanicplatesubductsbeneathanotheroceanicplate. Modern-dayexamplesincludetheAleutianIslands,KurilIslands,Japan/JapaneseArchipelago, Ryukyu,thePhilippines,SundaIslands,AndamanandNicobar,IzuIslands,BoninIslands, MarianaIslands,BismarckArchipelago,SolomonIslands/Archipelago,NewHebrides,Tonga Islands,Antilles,SouthSandwichIslands,Aegean/Hellenicarc,SouthAegeanarc. PointBreakdown: ExplainsthatCordilleran=continental-oceanicwhileIslandArc=oceanic-oceanic(2pointsfor givingthedifference,butonly1pointiftheyjuststatewhatoneofthetwoare).1pointfora correctexamplefromthelistabove(max3points). SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key3 52. Highersilicacontentisassociatedwithahigherviscosity,lowereruptive/meltingtemperatures, lowerdensity,ahigherwatercontent,moreexplosivevolcanoessuchascompositevolcanoes, moresodium/potassium,andmoreorthoclasefeldspar/mica(eithermuscoviteor biotite)/quartz/amphibole.Lowersilicacontentisassociatedwithalowerviscosity,higher eruptive/meltingtemperatures,higherdensity,lowerwatercontent,lessexplosivevolcanoes suchasshieldvolcanoes,moreiron/magnesium/calcium,andmorepyroxene/olivine. PointBreakdown: 1pointforeachofthefollowing(max3points): • Highsilicameanshigherviscosity(ortheinverse) • Highsilicameanslowertemp.magma/lavaorlowereruptivetemp.(ortheinverse) • Highsilicameanslowerdensity(ortheinverse) • Highsilicameansmorewaterortheinverse) • Highsilicaisassociatedwithexplosive/compositevolcanoes(ortheinverse,less explosiveshieldvolcanoes) • Highsilicahasmoresodiumorpotassium(ortheinverse,lowsilicahasmoreiron, magnesium,andcalcium) • Highsilicahasmoreorthoclasefeldspar(orjustfeldspar),mica,biotite,muscovite, quartz,andamphibole(ortheinverse,lowsilicahasmorepyroxeneandolivine) Doesnothavetoexplainwhathappensatbothhighandlowamountsofsilica;eitheroneis enoughforpoints.Forelementsandminerals(thelasttwo)theyonlyneedoneofthe elements/mineralstogainthepoint;givingmoredoesn’tgiveanymorepoints. 53. Ridgepushistheforceappliedonaplateatadivergentboundarybygravityactedonthepartof theplatethatisraisedupnearthespreadingsite,causingtheplatetoslide“downhill”away fromtheboundary.Slabpullistheforcecausedbymantleconvectionactingonasubducting sectionofaplate,pullingitdownintothemantle,whichcausesthepartoftheplateat divergentboundarieselsewheretogetpulledawayfromthespreadingsite.Slabpullisalot strongerthanridgepush. SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key4 PointBreakdown: Max5points 2pointsforacorrectdescriptionofridgepush(mustmentionthatitispoweredbygravity) 2pointsforacorrectdescriptionofslabpull(mustmentionthattheforcefromsubducting sectionsaffectsdivergingsections). 1pointforstatingthatslabpullisstronger. 54. IsostasyistheeffectofthebuoyantforceofthemantleholdingupEarth’scrust.Becausethe continentalcurstisthickerandlighterthanoceaniccrust,itsinksdeeperintothemantleand thetopextendsfurtherupwhiletheoceaniccrusthasalowerelevationsurface.Thisiswhat causesoceanwatertocollectonoceaniccrust. PointBreakdown: Max3points 1pointforidentifyingisostasyasbeingcausedbybuoyancy 1/2pointformentioningthesizedifferencesbetweencontinentalandoceaniccrust 1/2pointformentioningthedensitydifferencesbetweencontinentalandoceaniccrust 1pointformentioningthattheoceaniccrustsurfaceislowerthancontinentalcrustsurfaceasa resultofisostasy 55. Stressisameasurementofthedisplacingforceactingonasolidorviscousliquid.Strainisthe measurementoftheactualdisplacementofasolidorviscousliquid.Strainiscausedbythe applicationofstress. PointBreakdown: Max3points 1pointformentioningthatstressmeasuresforce/pressure 1pointformentioningthatstrainmeasuresdisplacement/motion 1pointformentioningthatstresscausesstrain 56. Elasticdeformationisatypeofstrain/deformationinwhichthematerialisnotpermanently deformed,andwillreturntoitsoriginalshapeoncetheforcethatcausedthedeformationis SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key5 removed.Incontrast,ductiledeformationinvolvesapermanentdeformationofthematerial. Brittlematerialsarethosewithavariableelasticityandlowductility,i.e.theybreaksoonafter theystartstretching.Ductilematerialshavealowelasticityandahighductility,i.e.theystart stretchwithasmallamountofforcebutwillcontinuestretchingforawhilebeforebreaking. PointBreakdown 1pointforeachofthefollowing(max6points): Total:23 • Elasticdeformationistemporary • Ductiledeformationispermanent • Brittlematerialshavevariableelasticity • Brittlematerialshavelowductility • Ductilematerialshavelowelasticity • Ductilematerialshavehighductility SOCT2017DynamicPlanetChattahoochee–Key6