Download Quizlet - Denton ISD

US
Quizlet
History ATQ Terms: Foundqtions- Bockground lo
Americon Ïlistory
Study onlne al
qr¡izlet, com/
ndshq
';' JohnPctcr
ltcligion, Spccch, l'l'ess.
l-st
Frreclour ol
a¡re¡rclmc¡rt
Assemtlll', a¡re{ l,ctition
::. 2nc[
anrendmcnt
l{ightto lreal arnrs
:: $r<[
Änrcnclmcnt that prnl:ilris thc rcquircci
amendmcnt
+th
¿mendnrent
sth
amendment
:1,¡.
of tro eçrs.
:ri.
F1'ccdorn frorn unn:asonable scalchcs
;
'lru¡nbull Sr
and
ni¡la I t'rncccclings¡ l)irc llrtces s;
::::.
CrinúnaÌ l\rrcecclings; Must iufc¡rru
amenctmcnt
dctc¡rclantof eharge/s; ttight to Attorncl,';
lüglit to fhir in4rarti al jury
7tb
Itightto
a
triai
bv
juryin cir,il
8th
amcndmcnt
:¡ ¡llexis dc
'l'ocqucsille
ldc* thatgovc¡'nment should takc
off' approach
Sorcrcignt¡'
lSenjanrin
llush
r8-rgth ccnturyAnrcr'icân
¡rh¡sician/pslehiatr{sL Signcr of
,i
Carroll
Checlcçand
Ä slstcm that alio*'s each branch of
Ilalanccç
Soverrìment to limit the Ìxr\{¡ct's of thc od:cr
blancl¡es in olclcr to prcrrurt abu.sc ofporvel
Itmincnt
Ðomain
r
ar:cl dte press.
Only Catholic to sigrr Declaration of
lndqrcudcncc
,; Irgalitarianism
r:i.
leligion,
F'c¡leralism
-; Individualism
.{ lnlicf i¡r tlic equaliçof ali pcrryle
â.liort's the gorcnlurc¡1t to takc prnpcr\' f'or
¡:ublic usc but also rcqnircs thc gor{ to
proviclc þst conrl:cn.sation tor tl:at ¡nopcrt5'
A s¡stcmin which powcris ctivictecl lrtu'ec¡r
the national anel state gorrcrnments
A lxlicf in
tl, c
in:lnrtance of thc inditiclual
anclthc virtuc of self'.r'cliancc ancl pcrsonal
indcpcuclcncc
,¿ Joh¡rHancock
1'a&'iot lcadcr ancl prcsidcnt oftl:c Second
Co¡:tinc¡rt¿l Congress; Ërstpcrson to sign
thc Dcclaration of lnde¡rcndencc.
pcoplc.
s
::l' Scparatíon
Constitntioual division of ¡rorvers amongthc
I egisl atire, cxceutire, a nd jucli cial branchcs,
rr'ith thc lcgislatÍr,c branch maliing larr., tJrc
erecnti\.c ap¡dying and cnfbrcing the lau., ancl
the juclieiar-r' intcrlrcting thc larr'
ofPorgc¡s
:r" Llnalicuablc
Itights
tsasic rights that cannot trc taken arta¡' fiç¡1¡
tbe peo¡rlc .sueh as "li fc, li trcrq', auci prulsui t of
happiucss" (or:iginall1.: lifc, lihrcrç ancl
plopc¡ty). thcse rights alc sÞrted in drc
Dcrl arnti cn of hrc{e¡:cndcncc
'l'he firs t tcu anrcndmcnts of thc U . S.
Co¡rstitutio¡r. containing a list of i¡rclivic{ual
rights ancllibcrtieso such as ticcde¡¡t of
spcceho
-:r Charlcs
A lælief that ultinratc porr'cr u:sidcs iu thc
A po [iti cal ¡rhil os o¡rh¡' su¡:1:orting thc righ
ancl porrrr of the tr*ople in thcil str.ugglc
against thc pririlcged clite.
Dcclara tion of lnclc¡rcnclence.
-,. BiIIof ltighls
a "ha¡rds
to thc ccouc¡nv aud 1:lat'as
sn¡¿ll a rolc as ¡rossiblc in cco¡romic atÊrirs
r.; Populism
r8s9)
:;
clothing, aud
Laisscz-
Aurend¡ncnt that pmlìihits cxecssire bail
àruouuts and cmci and uuusual
Ïr'ench ¡xilitical lçritcl notccl fbr his
ar¡allsis of A¡ucrica¡r institritions (r8o5-
feicx{,
Þ'airc
:, Popul;ar
casc"-
lrnnishmcnt.
Gorc¡nor c¡f Conncticu[ 'frtunhulÌ u'as thc
oni¡'govcurorto support the position ofthc
colo¡rics. Hc iradlong bccn a .sn1:portcr.of
coÌo¡rial rights ancl clurlng the rtar sulrli.liecl
(icneral Washingtou rr'ith
nlluritÍons.
l¡lrincnt l)omain; Donhie .leoparcl¡';
amcn<lmcnt
t
Jnnathan
seizures
C)'i
Arnerican llcr.olutiona i1' Ieae{cr and cdricator
rr'ho rvas a signer of tl:c Declaiation of
Inc{c¡xndcircc
llntection finnr Sclf i ncliruinatio¡r
:r 6th
Johrt
\l'ithcrspoon
q &:r rtc ri n.q
Colonial printerrçhcise casc hclpecl lngir
tì'eet{om of drc ¡:r'css
:r
Unitcd Statcs
Constitution
1287. Cotrtincntal Congress rr:ade a
constin¡rio¡r aftcr Alticlcs of Confbderatior¡
failecl; lt irrcludccl a ccnt'al golicl'nlncnt
dir.icled into threc hranehes: Lxccutivel
presielcnt, Lcgislatirrc: Congrcss {Scuatc +
House of ltc¡rrcscntatives ), .l uclicial: Snprcnrc
Corut.'l'hc go!'ernrtrelìt is conünllcd hl,checks
and bala¡rccs. 'l'he tsill of ldghts $.ctc tc¡ì
ar:rc¡rdrncnts to thc nely eo¡rstihrtio¡r that
gua lantccd rig hts of fi'ceclonr to citizcns ; rna cle
a national gov'tthat co¡rtnllcd taxes, aung
tracle, ancl crutrncy.
US Hisfor-y ATQ
Ïenns: Foundotions- Bockground to
Amerie<firìr$ll#ory
rst amendment:
r.
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly,
:s.
and Petition
3rd amendment:
-t
z+.
4tìr amendment:
Amendment that prohibits the required
:s.
Freedom from unreasonable searches and
5th amendmcnt: Criminal Proceedings;
Due Process; Eminent
Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination
;. 7tll amendment: Rightto a trial byjuryin civil cases
8th amendment: Amendment that prohibits
a.
exces sive
e Alexis de Tocqueville: French political writer noted for his
analysis of American institutions (r 8oS-rBSq)
':c.
Bcnjamin Rush: rB-rgth centuryAmerican
physician/psychiatrist. Signer of Declaration of Independence.
r.
Bill of Rights: Thefirstten amendments
of the U.S.
Constitution, containing a ìist of individual rights and liberties,
such as freedom ofspeech, religion, and t}le press.
,2.
Charles Carroll: Only Catholic to sign Declaration of
Independence
'::r.
Checks and Balances: A system that allows each branch of
government to limit the powers of tle other branches in order to
prevent abuse ofpower
:r. Egalitarianism: A belief in the equality of all people
Eminent Domain; Allows the
:s.
govemment to take properlyfor
public use but also requires the govt to providejust compensation
for that property
io.
Fecteralism: A system in which power is divided between t}re
natio¡ral and state govemments
r;,
Individualism:
A belief in tìre importance of the individual and
ùe virhre ofself-reliance and personal independence
re.
John I{ancock: Patriot
leader and president of the Second
Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of
Independence.
:g.
John Peter: Colonial printer
whose case helped begin freedom
oftÌre press
io.
John Witherspoon: American Revolutionaryleader and
educator who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence
.lr.
Jo¡ratha¡r Trumbull Sr.: Governor
of Conneticut;
Trumbull
was the only goveuìor to support the position of the colonies. He
had long been a supporter ofcolonial úghts and during the war
suppiied General Washington with food, clothing, and
munitions.
z¿,
Laissez-F'aire: Idea that government shouldtake a "hands off'
approach to the economy and play as small a role as possible
economic affairc
in
Scparation of Powers:
C.onstitutional division ofpowers
Unalienable Rights: Basic rights that cannot
be taken away
"life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness "
(originally life, liberty, and property). These rights are stated in
the Declaration of Independence
fr om th e people such as
::;.
bail
amounts and cruel andunusual punishment.
:
¿0.
6th amendment: Criminal Proceedings; Mustinform defendant
of ch arge/s ; Ri ght to Attorn ey; Right to fair impartial jury
e.
A poìitical philosophy supporting the rights and
among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the
legislativebranch making law, the executive applying and
enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law
seizu¡es
s.
Populism:
power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite.
quartering ofhoops.
a.
A belief that ultimate power resides in
the people.
znd amendment: Right to bear arms
z.
Popular Sovereign\r:
United Statcs Constitution:
1787, Continental C-ongress
made a constitution after ArticÌes of Confederation failed; It
included a cenhal government divicled into threebranches:
Executive: president, Legislative: Congress (Senate + House of
Representatives), Judicial: Supreme Court. The government is
controlled by checks and balances. The Bill of Rights were ten
amendmenls to t}le new constitution that guaranteed rights of
freedom to citizens; made a national goVtthat conholledtaxes,
arm¡ trade, and currency.
The Gilded Age/US Exponsion Westwqrd
Study online at
quizlet
. com
/
_nzovj
i. American Federation of Labor: 1886; foundedbySamuel
::c.
Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled
laborerc, alose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labo¡
rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
American Indian Citizenship Act:
z.
Americanization:
r,.
American
s
oci ety
r.
would make them more loyal citizens
By 19o1, his company dominated the American steel industry.
z¡.
:¿.
Chincse Exclusion Act: (1882) Denied any additional Chinese
laborers to entert}le counfywhile allowing students and
Dawes Act: rBB7, dismantledAmerican Indian bibes, setup
individuals as familyheads with 16o acres, tried to make mgged
individuaìists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Native
Americans into "American" lifestyle
tc;.
zs.
running
zo.
a person
who accepts the risk of starting and
Frontier: A zonewhere
no state exercises complete control.
Itis
PoliticalMachine: A powerúrl political organization that
Pull Factors: Things that
cause people to want to move to a
Push Factors: Things that cause people to wantto leave a place
Samuel Gomp ers : H e was
th e creator of the Ameri can
skilled workers.
zs.
Strike:
gc.
Tenement: A building in which
Refi¡sal by employees to work, often used to try and
obtain worker rights or privileges
several families rent rooms
or
westward migration.
to a
country ofwhich you are not a native in order to settle there)
rz.
fndian Wars: lBSo to 1B9o; series
r¡.
John D. Rockefeller:
of conflicts between the US
Army/settlers and different Native American tribes
Entrepreneur that made a monopoly in
oil indusfywith his company, Standard Oil
ie. Klondike Gold Rush: set offmass migration of people moving
west in rB97 after gold was discovered near Canada
rr. Union: A worker association thatbargains with employers over
wages, benefits, and working conditions
Urbanization: Movementtowards cities (esp. in the United
States during
America
Completed in 1869 at
California's rail road system, revolutionizing transportation in
the west. Many believed this fulfi lled America's "Manifest
Destiny'': occupying land from east to west (Atlantic to Pacific)
in factories)
Great Plains: A mostly flat and grassy region of western North
Immigration: Migration into a place (especially migration
Transcontinental Railroad:
Promontory Utah, it ìinked the eastern railroad system with
¡(i.
¡. Ilomestead Act: 186z - Provided free land in tle West to
anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged
ro.
political machines that bribed
Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unifieil union for
sr.
either uninhabited or sparsely inhabited. ManyAmericans
startedventuring into the western frontier during westward
expansion in the r8/oos
r
Leaders of
apar[nents, often with litt]e sanitation or safety
interference (laissez-faire)
¿.
Political Bosses:
Americans
ze.
similarities, especially in big cities
¡r. Free Enterprise System: (also capitalist economy/free market
economy) An economic system in which people are free to
operate their businesses as they see ñ! with little government
r
New fmmigrants: Immigrants who came to the United States
during and after the r88os; most were from southern and eastern
z;. Reservations: Areas offederal land set aside for Native
a business.
ir. Ethnic Ghettos: immigrants livedhere dueto cultural
ts.
nd feared th at
place (Employment opportunities, greater freedom, better
schools, etc.)
Study of human populations
Entrepreneurs:
a
(persecution, war, unrest, badschools, etc.)
r. Corporation: A business owned by stockholders who share in
its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts
Demography:
mmigration
contolled a town through comrpt measures. Leaders are called
political "bosses" (ex: Boss Tweed)
merchants to immigrate.
s.
i
citizens in order to receive votes
CITIES
a.
s wh o oppos ed
Europe.
¡. Bessemer Process: A way to manufacture steel quickly and
cheaplybyblasting hot airthrough melted iron to quicklyremove
impurities. LED TO SKYSCR¡,PERSAND THEGROWTH OF
c.
Nativists : American
immigrants would change the American way of life
into
A¡rdrew Carnegie: A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892.
+.
z
rz.
Belief that assimilating immigrants
rst effort to create National union. Open to
everyon e but I awyers an d bankers. Va gue program, no cl ear
goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed
Gave Indians citizenship
and right to vote in r9z4
Knights of Labor:
industrialization. People moved to fincl jobs/work
The Progressive Ero
Study online at
q¡/izlet. com/_ozgtp
i. rTth Amendment: ..., Direct Election of Senators, Passedin
r9r3, this amendrnent to the Constitution calls for tìre direct
election of senators by the voters instead of theit' election by state
legislatures.
r¡.
rs.
r9t3 law thatsdrryas'rt€mof federal
r
r;.
H e did not think that African
Americans should only be taught hades since that would limit
them to to inferior jobs. He believed that African Americans
supply
ii.
JaneAddams:
186o-1935. Founder of Settlement House
Movement. FirstAmerican Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in
1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and
Freedom., the founder of Hull House, which provided English
lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
e.
Muckrakers:
z.
NationalParkService:
a,
Progressive Movement: Early rgoos centu¡y reform movement,
..., Foundedin 1916,its purposewas to
establish an apparatus to handle sites too large for private
protection such as Jamestown &Yorktown, and is todaythe
sponsoring agency for most federal preservation programs,
created in 1916; made to help supervise the parks and
monuments
seeking to return control of the government to the people, to
restore economic opporhmities, and to correct injustices in
American life. Progressive reformers shared the following goals:
r. Protecting social welfare a. Promoting moral improvement 3.
Creating Economic reform
Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt's r9o4 extension of the Monroe
Doctrine (said different hemispheres would not interfere with
each other), stating that the United States has the right to protect
its economic interests in South And Central America byusing
militaryforce
i o. Social Gosp el movement: A rgth century reform movement
based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help
-u
improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
Square Deal: President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform;
t}le idea that all Americans âre entitled to an equal opportunityto
succeed; favored fair relationships between companies and
workers.
:
¡. Susan B. Anthony: An earlyleader of the women's suffrage
(right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's
Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in rB69.
r
s.
should fight against segregation.
i'¿.
William H. Taft: r9o8, Republican, Dollar diplomacy, Payne-
Adrich Bill, Triangle Fire, Gifford Pinchot, Bull Moose Pafy.
is. William Jennings Bryan: Nominatedbythe democratic party
for the election ofr896, United States lawyer and politician who
advocated f¡ee silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for
teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school
A group of investigative reporters during the
progressive erawho pointed out the abuses ofbig business and
the cormption of urban politics (ex: Upton Sinclair-The Jungle)
i r.
W.E.B. Du Bois : A sociology professor who shongly disagreed
with Booker T. Washington.
banks and gave government the power to control the money
¡. Interstate CommerceAct: 1887, a law that made a federal
Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad
practices
Upton Sinclair: muckrakerwho shockedthe nation when he
published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details
about the meat packing industry in Chicago.
extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
a
electoral contenders other than the two major
paties. Ameúcan third parties are not unusual, but they rarely
win eìections.
z. rgtJe Amendment: Amendmentto the U.S. Constitution (r9zo)
:. Federal ReserveAct:
Third Parties:
Theodore Roosevelt: President r9o r-tgog;
Republican/Progressive Power. Increased size of Added
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy.
Focused on trade in the Caribbeanþuilding of the Panama Canal
Famous for "cross ofgold" speech
ig.
WoodrowWilson:
President r9r3-1921Democra! president
during WWI (first had preposed peace/neuhality and used the
slogan "He kept us out of the war" to be reelected, but he entered
the US in the war because of Germany's unrestricted submarine
warfare and the Zimmerman telegram), his war aims were
known as tìe Fourteen Points
Americq Builds An Empire: lmperiolism/Expqnsionism
Study online at
quizlet. com/_o2lj
o
: Policy by Wood¡ow Wilson of rejecting
¡.
"WatchfuI'Waiting"
:r
Alfred Thayer Mahan:
aìliances with leaders who took conû'ol through force in Mexico
r;. Sanford B. Dole: Took Hawaii over from Queen Liliuokaìani
until Hawaii was annexed into the United States.
.la.
Navy officer whose ideas on naval
c Big Stick Policy: A policy
enacted by President Teddy Roosevelt
that encouraged being peacefirl in makingtesolutions but using
force if necessary.
Boxer Rebellion: (r9oo-r9og)
¿.
secret society called Boxers
r
g.
eoo foreign ministers and thousands of Chinese Christians.
Thought foreign missionaries were undermining Chinese
;. Foreign Policy: A nation's overall plan for deaìing with other
nations.
Imperialism:
ii.
A policy in which a shong nation seeks to
dominate other counties politically, socialìy, and economically
especialÌy through colonization
g.
John Hay: ..., Secretary
of State under McKinley and Roosevelt
who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal
rc.
Joseph Pulitzer: A muckraker who designed the modern
newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial ancl
opinion articles in another section).
r
i. Muclcaker: Journalists who attempted to find comrption or
wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public during the
Progressive Era
r::.
Open Door Policy: 1899 U.S. tu¡ns into an imperial power
after the Spanish-American War ends in 1898. USA gets the
largest bade relationship with China and made a policy which
let all counEies do business with China freely.
'¡s.
Panama Canal: The
US
built the Panama Canal to have a
quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic. It increased the
hading power of the US as we were becoming a world power.
Built under Teddy Roosevelt s presidency.
r¿.
PanchoVilla: A Mexican peasantrebel leaderwho soughtto
overthrow the Mexican government and stop another man from
taking it over firs! gathering an army in Northern Mexico. In
anger at President Wilson's support of the other man, Villa
eventually terrorized Americans in Mexico and bur¡ ed
Columbus, New Mexico.
r
¡. Platt Amendment: Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's
sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into
trouble
ro.
Queen Liliuokalani: - Queen of Hawaii who was overthrown
by American interests during the expansionist/imperiaìist period
-
1
90 9.
z6th president,
journalism to boost success, competed
with Puliuer
Dollar Diplomacy: \ PresidentTaft's poìicyof buiìding strong
Islands)
1
U.S.S. Maine: Ship that explodes offthe coast of Cuba in
Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the SpanishAmerican War
:r. William Randolph : A highly successfirì pubìisher of s everal
papers who usedyellow
economic ties to Latin America. (Nicaragua, Haiti, Virgin
9o
zo.
American war
e.
r
Japanese War
society.
named De Lome, that said President McKinleywas weak. This
letter was found and published in newspapers and angered many
Americans against the Spanish. Partially Ied to the Spanish-
Theodore Roos evelt: President
known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepbum Act, safe
food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White
Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation ofpeace in Russo-
killed
*. De Lome Letter: A letter, wútten by a Spanish ambassador
Spanish-American War: (rB98) warfoughtbetween Spain
and the United States that began after tlre sinking of the
battleship USS Maine; the US supported Cuban independence;
the United States won tìe war in four months, gaining control of
Puerto Rico, Guam, andthe Philippines
warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America
viewed its nar5,
ze.
Yellow Journalism:
One of
tìe
causes of the Spanish-
American War (1898) - this was when newspaper publishers like
Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the
Maine) to anger,A.merican public towards Spain.
World Wor
Study online at
¡ Alvin York: Medal
I
.
com/_osv3v
of honor recipient and one of tlre most
I
decorated soldiers fi'om Wolld War
American Expeditionary Force:
:;
quizlet
About z million Americans
went to France as members of this under General John J.
Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and
t}le new larger force ofvoìunteers and d¡aftees
Battle ofArgonne Forest: Last major battle of the WWI.
Americans have too,ooo casualties butwin thebattle
+ Fourteen Points: A series of proposals in which U.S. president
¡;.
:':. Woodrow Wilson : President frorn 1913-1 921. Democrat.
Known for: WWI leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal
Trade Commission, Clayton Antiûust Act, progressive income
tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of
Versailles, " : 14 points "post-war plan, League of Nations (but
failedto win U.S. ratification)
;r. World. War I: (r9t4 - rgr8) European war in which an alliance
including Great Britain, France, Russia, Itaì¡ and the United
States defeatedthe alliance of Germany, AwFia-Hungary,
Turkey, andBulgaria.
Woodrow Wiìson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace
afterWorldWarI.
s. Freedom of the Seas¡ Principle that neutral nations
z¡.
have the
right to uade without interference even during wartime.
e . Henry Cabot Lodge: Did not want the United States to join the
League ofNations
:
Isolationism:
A policy of nonparticipation in intemational
economic and politicaì relations
s John J. Pershing: A General tìat commanded the first
U.S.
üoops as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
s League of Nations: an international organization formed in
1920 to promote cooperation andpeace among nations
'ro.
Lusitania: American boatthatwas sunkbythe
German U-
boats; made America consider entering WWI
ir. Reparations: Hearyfines the Germans had to pay afterWWI
Schenck vs. US: argueil that freedom of speech could be revoked
r
*.
:
¡. Selectíve Service
when such speech posed a danger to the nation.
Act: Law passed
by Congress in r9r7 that
required all men from ages 21 to go to register for the military
d¡aft
:
¿.
Submarine Warfare:
Used during World War
I mainly
between German U-Boats andAtlantic supplyconvoys for Great
Britain
rs.
Sussex Pledge
1916 Germans promised not to have any
more
surprise attacks on any ships
:c.
Trench Warfare:
A form of warfare in which opposing armies
ñght each other fiom trenches dug in the battlefield (esp. during
wwÐ
; i. II-boats:
ra.
German submarines used during WWI
Versailles Treat¡r: r9r9 treaty that
ended World War
I,
Germany had to take full blame for the war and pay reparations
'l4y'hat
rs.
are t]re 4 main causes ofWorld War I?: r.
Militarism
z. Alliances
3.
Nationalism
4. Imperialism
rc;.
Whatpolicy did Wilson tryto maintain for WWI?:
Neutrality
¡r. When was World War I fougþt?: r9r4-r9r8
zr. Who was
Wilson
president during World War I?: Woodrow
Zimmerman Telegram:
hyto
A coded message sent by Germanyto
get Mexico to attack the US during
started to favor war.
WWI. More Americans
The "Rooring Twenties"
Qpizlet
Study online at
: "Return to Normalcy''
: After
quÞlet,com/
o48h5
World War I r9r9-zos, when
re.
Harding was President, the US and Blitain retumed to
isolatjonism. The US economy'boomed" but Europe continued to
shuggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: Worìd War
il
that people
must be self-reliant and not depend upon theGderal govemment
for assistance.
distribution of alcoholic beverages.
4.
21st Amendment: Amendment which ended the Prohibition of
u.
Calvin Coolidge
alcohol in the US, repealing the rSth amendment
Flapper:
zr+.
a
ro,
Young women of the rgzos tìatbehavedandd¡esseclin
radical fashion
Frances Willard: Became leader of the WCTU.
She worked
to
educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws
banning the sale ofliquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as step
towards strengthening democracy.
r.
Great Migration: Movement of over 3oo, ooo African
American from the nual south into Northern cities between r9r4
and rgeo
Ilarlem Renaissance:
A period in the rgzos when African-
American achievements in art and music and literature
flourished
r
r.
Henry Ford:
1863-1947. American businessman, founder of
Ford Motor Company, father of modern assemblylines, and
inventor credited with 16r patents.
r¿.
Herbert Hoover:
31st President of the United States,
Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March
r9z9 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to
first deal with the Depression by tq¡'rng to restore public faith in
the community.
'i
s.
Immigration Acts:
Set of
laws starting in rgzr that set quotas
for the number of immigrants let in.
re.
Langston Hugþes: A leading
poet of the Harlem Renaissance.
He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People"
i:. Marcus Garvey: Añ'ican American
leader durin the rgzos who
founded th e Univers al Negro Improvement Ass ociation and
advocated mass migration of Afi'ican Americans back to Africa.
Was deported to Jamaica in t927.
RoaringTWenties: Nickname forthe rgzo's
because of tlre
booming economy and fast pace of ìife during that era
:r. Scopes "Monkey Trial": t925, the trial that pitted the teaching
of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible
creationism
Charles Lindbergh: United States aviator who in r9z7 made the
first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (tgoz-t974)
n. Eugenics : Study of factors th at infl uen ce th e hereditary qualities
of the human race and ways to improve these qualities
iz.
:0.
za.
;. Clarence Darrow: A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes,
who supported evolution. He cawedWilliamJennings Bryan to
appearfoolish when Darrow questioned Bryan aboutthe Bible.
'r
Communism.
Became president when Harcling died. Tried to
clean up scandals. Business prospered and people's wealth
increased
r:.
alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by the
r8th Amendment
rg. Red Scare: A period during the ColdWar where the American
H oover's bet ief
¡. rStJr Amendment: Prohibited the manufachrre, sale, and
.
The period from rgzo to 1933 when the sale of
public was terrified of Communists and the spread of
i. " Rugged Individualis m" : H erbe¡t
e
Prohibition:
Teapot Dome Scandal: A government scandal involving a
former United States Nary oil reserve in Wyoming that was
secretly leased to a private oil company in rgzt
Tin Pan Alley:
is the name given to the collection of New York
City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated
tle popular music of the United States in the late rSoo's and
early rgoo's.
r¡.
\{arren Harding: zgth president
of the US; Republican;
"Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWl-peace,
isolation) ; presidency was marred by scandal
The Greot Depression qnd
Study online al
quiz,let
. com /
rrNew Deal": Relief, Recovery Reform
3 Aspects of FDRrs
;
l. zznd Arnendment: Amendment that
created a z term
r¿.
California to look for a better life.
Agricultural Adj ustmcnt Acts
: Gave farmers money to reduce
r
g.
Banking Crisis: When individuals
and companies lose
confidence in the banking system and withd¡aw their deposits in
what is called a 'run on banks.'
maximum weeklyhours.
æ.
Happened during the Great Depression
tle
unempìoyed people to do restoration projects throughout the
county, employed over 3 million people.
Court Packing Plan: President FDR s failed
o.
zr.
z¿.
Great Plains
zs.
birth control and better conditions for
(Ex: CCC)
z¿.
Fed.eral Reserve: 1913 - central banking system of the US created by the Federal Reserve Act - quasi public system
Fiat Money:
silver or gold)
¡2.
Fireside Chats: informal talks
is.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: 3znd President
given by FDR over the radio.; sat
by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
of the United States;
elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter tlre Great
Depression and led country during WorldWar
II (r882-tg+S)
¡. Gold Standard: A dollar cor¡ld l¡e redeemed only for gold in the
U.S. Treasury. It reduced the amount of money in circulation and
hurt farmers.
The US went offthe gold standard in the r93os
Great Depression: the economic crisis and period of low
business activity in the U.S. and otler counbies, roughly
beginning with the stock-market crash in October, t929, and
continuing through most of tle r93os. Franklin Roosevelttried
to solve the crisis with his "New Deal" plan, but World War II is
whathelpedto relieve some of the economic issues
e. Herbert Hoover: Republican President r 929-1 933. blamed for
Great Depression because he didn't respond effectively. Thought
rs.
r
that capitalism would solve the problems of the depression.
rr. Iloovervilles : Depression
sh
a
nt5ttowns,
n
arned aft er the
president whom many blamed for their financial distress
local
meat company got in trouble for breaking codes but argued that
Schechter Poultryvs. U.S.: this is
a case
in which
a
the codes were not applicable to their small, kosher company.
They won an d from this the Nati on al Industri al Recovery Act is
declared un constitutional
Money that has value because the government has
ordered that it is an acceptable means to pay debts (is not tied to
r
Relief New Deal: Immediate action taken to halt the economies
a
worhngwomen
r.
Permanent programs to avoid another depression and
deterioration.
Eleanor Roosevelt: FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was
great supporter ofcivil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws.
She also worked for
r
Reform:
(ex: FDIC)
verydry.
ro.
Great Depression.
Recovery: New Deal programs designedto speed economic
insure citizens against economic disasters.
her porbaits of rural workers during the Depression (18gS-rg6S)
g.
Franklin Roosevelt
(Ex: AAA/'WPA)
i. Dorotfrea Lange: United States photographer remembered for
Dust Bowl: A drought in the r93os that tumed the
of reforms enactedbythe
recovery
1937 attempt to
increase the number of US Supreme Court Jwtices from 9 to rS in
order to save his znd New DeaI programs from constitutional
challenges
s.
NewDeaI: A series
administration between :.933 and r94z with the goal of ending
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Hiredyoung,
s.
National RecoveryAdministration: zznd Amendment,
Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with
the indrshial sector t¡f the economy. It allowed industries to
create fair competition which were intended to reduce destuctive
competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and
crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops
,:.
John Steinbeck: American novelistwho wrote "The Grapes of
Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to
limit on
presidents.
.1.
lhe New Deol
_o7 qut
ar.
'Works Progress Administration: New Deal agencythat
helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9
million jobs working on bridges, roads, andbuildings.
World W.or ll
Sludy online at
¡ Adolf Hitler:
quizlet
. com
/ _ogtLs
German Nazi dictator during WorldWar
II (rBB9-
¡;.
:: Appeasement: The original policy that Great
Britain/France/otler countries adopted towards Hitler and the
Nazis. Theybelieved if they "appeased" Hitler (allowed him to
take some of the territory that he wanted), they may be able to
re Office of War
rg.
Battle of Midway: r94z WorldWar II battlebetween the United
States and Japan, tumed the war in favor of the US
President of the US from 1953-196r. During his presidency, the
United States entered into a period ofconformity/ housing
boom/baby boom (after WWII)
z.
Executive Order 9o66:
a.
FþingTigers: tstAmerican Volunteer Group (AVG) of the
Put Japanese-Americans
in internment
camps after the attack on Pearl Harbor
Chinese
Air Force; trainecl in Burma before the American entry
witl the intention of defending China against
into World War II
Japanese forces
:-.
George Marshall: General that helped to ìead the Allies to
victory during WWII
';0.
George Patton: Allied Commander during WWII. Was
insbr¡mental in winning the Battle of the Bulge.
':
r.
IIarry Truman:
to victory in
President 1945-1959; Democrat. Led the U.S.
WWII making the decision to use atomic weapons
for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet
Union after the war.
'
r;:.
Hiroshima/ Nagasaki:
these are tlte pìaces where the atomic
bombs were dropped under the direction of President Truman
during WorldWarII
:s llolocaust: The attempted extermination
of the Jewish people
and other minorities carried out by the Nazis dwing World War
II
r
+.
Korematsu vs. U.S.: In t944, the Supreme Court upheld the
government's policy of detaining Japanese Americans in
internment camps, even when there was no specific evidence that
tleyposed a danger to American security. The Court justified the
policy as a military necessity in wartime.
ø. Navajo Code Talkers: Native Americans from the Navajo tribe
used their own language to make a code for the U.S. militarythat
the Japanese could not decipher
;
.
e.
eo.
in the Pacific
l. Douglas MacArthur: American general, who commanded
allied hoops in the Pacific during Workl War II.
e. Dwigþt Eisenhower: US General during WWII. Repubìican
Neutralit¡i,A.cts : Originally designed to avoi d American
involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those
countries taking part in the conflict; theywere later modiñed in
1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and otherAllied nations.
Information: (OWI) Organization that
Omar Bradley: A general
of the twentieth century. Bradley
commanded the United States ground forces in the liberation of
France and the invasion of Germany in World War II.
Americans and Filipinos to march roo miles with little food and
water, many died or were killed on the way
¿.
A series of court proceedings heìd in
ernployed artists, wúters and advertisers to shape public opinion
concerning World War II. Many call it a "propaganda machine"
avoid war
Bataan Death March: Japanese forced about 6o,ooo of
::.
NurembcrgTrials:
Nuremberg, German¡ afterWorlclWarII, in which Nazi leaders
were üied for aggression, violations of the mles of war, and
crimes against humanity.
1945)
r:r.
Pearl Harbor: Decemb er 7, Lg4ri United States military base on
Hawaii thatwas bombedbyJapan, bringing the United States
into WorldWar IL
Rationing: Resticting
people
the amount of food and other goods
maybuyduring wartimeto assu¡e adequate supplies for
themilitary
;:2.
Tuskegee.A.irmen : Th
e fi
rst African-American group of pilots
toflyinWWII
Vernon Baker: African American who later received the
congressional Medal of Honorforhis service during WWII
;:¡. Vi ctory Gardens : Gardens that citizen s planted to raise th eir
¿r¡.
own vegetables, so that food could be sent to the troops.
Cold Wqr/Civil Righls
Study online
.; "McCarthyismtt: The term
ã1
quÞl€t.: roîr/_ogody
with senator Joseph
McCarthywho led the search for communists in America duling
the early r95os through his ìeadership in the House Unassociated
American Activiti es Committee.
z.
Af,frrmativeAction:
:
g-
during the Civil Rights movement because he favored segregation
and refused to serve Afi'ican Americans in his restaurant
ro.
A policyin educational admissions orjob
hiring that gives special attention or compensatory b'eatment to
traditionally disadvantaged groups in an efo¡tto overcome
r
z.
r
g.
Berlin Airlift: Joint
effort by the US and Britian to fly food and
supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground
Billy Graham: An evangelical Christian
verypopuìar in the r95os/r95os
o Civil Rights Acts: was a landmark piece of legislation in the
United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination
against African Americans and women, including racial
s egregation. It ended unequal application of voter regisüati on
requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace
:c. Plessy vs.
Civil Rights Movement:
a social movement
in the United States
Cold War: (tg+S-tggt) The period after the WWII marked by
rivalry and tension between the two nuclear superpowers, the
United States and the Soviet Union
s.
..:.
Containment Policy:
at the end of World War
II., Policy inhoduced by Harry
George'Wallace: Governor
of Alabama. Favored s egregation
during the Civil Rights movement
¡.
Ilouse Un-American Activities Committee:
Repres entatives establish ed the Committee on
The Howe of
Un-American
Activities, popuìarlyknown as "HUAC," in order to investigate
"subversion." (FEAR OF COMMUNISM)
z.
Iron Curtain:
Term used by Churchill in tg46 to describe the
growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist
and democratic nations
r
s.
Jonas SaIk: American doctor who invented the polio vaccine in
1953. Polio crippled andkilled millions worldwide, andthe
successfirl vaccine virhrally eliminated the scourage.
;¿.
Korean War: rg5o-1953 Conflict thatbegan with North
Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve tlre United
Nations (primarilythe United States) alìying with South Korea
andthe People's Republic of China allying with North Korea.
Orval Faubus : Arkansas governor who
call ecl out the Nation al
Ferguson:
(r 8 g6) The Court mled that segregation
rr. Rosa Parks: United States civil rights leaderwho refr.rsedto give
up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama)
and so helped trigger the national civil rights movement
z¿.
Rosenberg Triak Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accrued of
selling US atomic secrets to the USSR. Theywere executed in
1953.
zr.
Sputnik: First artificial Earth satellite, it was
launched by
Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in
technology and outer space. It led to the creation ofNASA and
the space race.
zr.
Thurgood Marshall: tstAfrican American
Supreme Court
Justice
¿s.
Truman Doctrine:
1947, President Truman's policy
of
providing economic and military aid to any counùy threatened by
communism or totalitarian ideology
Truman after WWII that said the duty of the U.S. was to stop the
spread communism. Defined the foreign policy for the period
c.
Baptist minister and civil rights
was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under
the Fourteenth Amendemnt). The idea of "separate but equal"
S.
after WWII until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989
U. S.
Guard to prevent nine black studenLs from entering Little Rock's
Central High School under federal court order. Segregationist
Established by the Truman
administration in 1947 to contain Soviet influence to what it was
r
Martin Luther King Jr.:
'¡.¡¡.
during the r95os and r96os, in which people organized to
demand equal rights forAfrican Americans and other minorities.
People worked together to change unfair ìaws. This time is
known forits speeches, marches, andboycotts.
r
A plan that the US came up with to revive wartom economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aidto
L Brown vs. Board of Education: 1954- court decision that
declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional,
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
z.
r
Marshall PIan:
leader. A noted oratoç he opposed discrimination againstblacks
by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass
demonstrations. Hewas assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
preacher who became
and by facilities that s erved th e gen eral publi c.
became the leader of the Chinese
western and Soutlern Europe,
routes into the citY
.r
Mao Zed.ong: This man
Communist Parly and remained its leader until his death. He
declareclthe founding of the People's Republic of China in r949
present effects of past discrimination.
e.
Lester Maddox: Governor of Georgia who became famous
26.
Venona Papers: documents from
tJre
a
secretjointprojectbetween
intelligent agencies of the U.S. and Great Britain to decode
Soviet messages to reveal American spies
1960s/70s: Profest qnd Chonge
Study online at qrjj.zlet. com./_ndpn1
z5th amendment: Establishes
procedures for succession to the
re.
that works to develop and enforce reguìations tlat implement
environmental laws enacted by Congress. (Began under Nixon
presidency
:¿ American-Indian movemcnt: The term "native American"
was introduced and popularized
Anti-War Movement r96os: The shootings
r.
at Kent State, the
zo.
Bayof Pigs: An unsuccessfi¡l invasion
of Cuba in 196r, which
was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow
Cuban dictator Fidel Casho.
c Beat Generation: American writers in the r95o's and 6o's who
rr. Fall of Saigon: Marked the end of the Viehram War in April,
1975 when North Vietramese invaded South Vieüram, forcing all
Americans left to flee in disarray as the capitol was taken
zz.
may
feminist said that women were tired of being housewives and
shor¡ld be free to enter into the worKorce and be paid the same as
a.
s.
Chicano Movement: This
is tlte formal name for the Me¡<ican-
American portion of the Civil Rights movement. Some of this
movement's leaders were Cesar Chavez, Hector Garcia, and
Dolores Huerta
:r.
Credibility Gap:
vision for the United States
duúng world war II who received the Presidential medal of Hoor;
Founded the American G.I. Forum for Hispanic Veterans
es.
¿0.
your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your
county" and was assassinated in Dallas, Tx
John Glenn: Famotu astronaut
cc. LJ¡nd.on B Johnson: This man was president during
z$.
Dolores Huerta: Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW) with
Cesar Chavez; helped Mexican farmworkers gain better pay
&
Rights Act of 1964 into law, promotecl his "Great Society" plan,
part of which included the "war on poverty", Medicare and
Medicaid estabìished; Vieùram: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet
Offensive
sr.
o.
Domino Effect: This is the idea that if one counby falls to
communism, others will also
rz.
Edgewood ISD vs. Kirby: Required changes in school ñnance
to increase funding for students in poorer school dish'icts
'a.
Bndangered Species Act: identifies threatened and
endangered species in
tle
US and protects these species
Mendez v. Westminister: (t947)
a federal court for tlre
first
time struck down school segregation
¡2. OPEC: An
international oil organization originallyformedin
1960. Represents the majority of all oil produced in the world.
AT'IEÀ,IPTS TO LIMIT OIL TO RAISE PRICES. It's long name is
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
working conditions
r
the Gulf of
Tonkin Resolution, Became president after Kennedy's
assassination and reelected in t964; Democrat; signed the Civil
American child¡en was illegal in Texas
ri;.
v. Texas: AtgS4 Supreme Court decision that
Inflation: A rise in the general level of prices in an economy.
zr¡. John F. Kennedy: This man boldly stated that "ask not what
i¡. Detente: A policyof reducing ColdWartensions thatwas
Nixon.
Ifernandcz
¿r,
Delgado vs. Bastrop ISD: Ruled that segregation of Mexican-
adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard
and human rights agreement
extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics.
for the USSR not keeping missiles south of Cuba.
'::r.
Helsinki Accords: Political
signed in Helsinki, Finlanil, bythe Soviet Union and western
European counties.
A public distrust of statements made bythe
Cuban Missile Crisis: This event refers to a major Cold War
controversy tlat led to negotiations with the USSR. This required
the United States to take missiles out of Turkey and Italy in retum
war.
Ilector Garcia: World War II Hero; a doctor and surgeon
government, esp. during the 196os
rz.
oo, oo o Americans and
z¿.
Cesar Chavez: This man helped to organize farm workers in
o.
5
Great Society: This was Johnson's conboversial domestic
California and used non-violent means
;
committed. Evacuated nearly
e*.
Black Panthers: This group favoredAfrican-American rights
and believed that their goaìs could be reached using militancy
h ave
South Viebramese from Vieüram, closing the
Kerouac)
Betty Friedan: In her book "The Feminist Mystique", this
Gerald Ford: Republican President: 1974-Lg77. Tookoverafter
Nixon's resignation and parcloned Nixon of all crimes that he
saw themselves as in rebellion against the failu¡es of American
culture. Their works had loose stuchue and slang diction. (Jack
z.
in r97z stating that "equality of righæ under
t}le law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by
any state on account of sex." The amendment failed to acrquire
the necessary support from three-fourths ofthe state legislatures.
c Barry Goldwater: This man was the Republican candidate who
:
adminisûation)
Equal Rights Amendment: A constitutional amendment
passed by Congress
release of the Pentagon paperc, and the Tet Offensive all led to
tìis movement
ran againstJohnson
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): An organization
rs.
Phyllis Schlafly: Author and political activist known
for her
criticism of feminism andthe Equal Rights Amendment. Believed
that the ERA would undermine the rights of women and reduce
the rights of wives/famiìies
:r4.
Richard Nixon:
1968 and t974; Repúlican; Vishram: advocated 'Vietnamization" (replace US h'oops with Viebramese), but also bombed
Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibilitygap," created the Environmental Protection Agency, was president during first moon landing; SALT I
and new policy of detente between US and Soviet Union; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign
:;. Roy Benavitez: This man received the Medal
se.
Silent Majority: A phrase coined
of Honor for his heroic gestures during the Vietnam
war
by Richard Nixon referring to a large number of Americans who supported his conservative poìicies but
did not express their views publicly (in opposition to the counterculture movement of the r96os)
s;. Spiro Agnew: Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on pa)¡ments made to him when he was
governorof Maryland. Hewas
replacedþcæl¡ n ¡¡t¿,
ea.
Stagflation: A combination
3g.
Tet Offensive: This coordinated attack showed citizens of the United States that the Northern Vietramese were more organized ancl
of too much unemployment and too much
inflation, botì occurring at the same time.
efficient than previously thought
"ic.
Tinker vs. Des Moines:
Supreme Court case that stated that students do notlose their freedom of speech rights in
high school. Students
wore black arm bands to protest the Vietnam War.
¿r.
Title IX: A United States law enacted in
¿:;.
Vietnam War: This
¡'r.
Vietnamization: This plan includedhealybombing,
1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal
financial assistance."
is one of the most divisive conflicts in United States History and occurred from rg14-tg7g
a
gradual withd¡awal of troops fromthewar, andan invasion of Cambodia for
shorter supplyroutes
r.a.
Watergate:
1922- The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters
in t97z and the
subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the tlreat of impeachmen!
Fordbecomes President
¿i:.
'White v. Regester: Required single member districts in Dallas and Bexar counties
¿n.
Wisconsin
vs.
Yoder:
so
local groups could elect their own representatives
School Attendance Law violated the First Amendment because it requirecl attendance past
with the right of Amish parents to direct the religious upbringing of their children.
tle 8th grade. Interfered
: Crisis
,
qnd Resurgence: Corter-Clinfon
Study online at
qui:let
.
com/-np7bu
, BilI Clinton:
4end President advocated economic and heaìthcare
reform; second plesident to be impeached; scandal with White
House intem Monica Lewinsþ
z.
Bill Gates: American
computer software designer who Co-
founded Microsoft and built it into one of the Largest computer
software manufactur'ers
a peace heagrbchreen Israel and Egypt
issuing from talks at Camp Davidbetween Egyptian President
Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and the host, U.S. President
Carter: signed in tg7g.
Conhact With Ameri
ca ¡ Republican plan h eaded by Newt
ra.
Department of Enerry:
i z.
rg.
r
u.
zo.
zr.
za.
Heritage Foundation: Conservative interest group/ supported
Reagan
Reagan Doctrine: Reagan said that the US would help groups
resist communism in the Third World, US would support
tying
lr. Redlining: A process
to overthrow Communist regimes
itwill spur
by which banks d¡aw lines on a map and
refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the
Crimes and Misdemeanors. "
Iran llostage Crisis: In November
boundaries.
1979, revolutionaries
stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 5z
Americans hostage. The Carter adminishation tried
unsuccessñrlly to negotiate for the h ostages rel ease. On January
zo, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans,
ending their 4 4,1 days in captivity.
Iran-Contra Af,fair: During
H.W. Bush's
the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It
included tax breaks for the rich, "supply-side economics," and
"trickle down" theory.
r. Impeachment: An action bythe House of Representatives to
accuse tle president vice president, or other civil officers ofthe
United States of committing'"Ireason, Bribery, or other high
H appened under George
:s. Reaganomics: Reagan's theorythatif youcuttaxes,
ofhealth-care reform
ro.
Persian Gulf War:
"freedom fighters"
o Hillary Clinton: Clinton's wife appointed to head the committee
iz.
PeaceThrougþ Strength: Reagan's policyof combating
presidency when troops from Iraq invade Kuwait under the
direction of Saddam Hussein. The UN/US supportecl Kuwait and
sent troops and the war was over quickly. This was Bush's
greatest foreign policy success and was the first major challenge
following the ColdWar
tade barriers between different countries. For the first So years,
r
Nuclear Regulatory Commission: an independent federal
development of new weapons systeû¡s.
tle framework was known as the General Agreement
r
National RifleAssociation (NRA): organization which lists
communism by building up the military, including aggressive
s GATT/WTO: An organization thatwas maclein ordertolessen
,:.
Free Trade Agreement) A trade
agency created to reguìate nuclear power plants
Laud.er: parents were jewish immigrants, gave free
makeovers and demonsfuations at high school, married a very
on Taúffs
and Trade (GATT). Afterwards, it became known as the World
Trade Organization (WTO).
NAFTA: (North American
as its goals the protection of the Second Amendment and the
promotion of firearm ownership rights as well as
marksmanship. Powerñrl political interest group
r. Estee
successfirl business man, refl:sed to advertise her company (SF
Lauder)
A movementbegun in the early r98o's among
agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that
encourages free hade between tlese North American counb:ies.
(rg77)Promotes production of
renewable energy, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy, Transmits
and sells hydroel ectric power, conducts nuclear weapons
research and production
Moral Majority:
reìigious conservatives that supported conservative Republicans
opposed to abortion, communism and liberalism.
Gingrich that focused on scaling back the government,
balancing the budget, and cutting taxes
o.
Lionel Sosa: Lionel is the founder of Sosa, Bromle¡ Aguilar &
Associates, now Bromley Communications, the largest Hispanic
advertising agencyin the U.S
Community Reinvestment Act: Requires banks to
demonstrate their commihnent to local communities through
low-income lending programs andto provide annual reports to
tlle public.
s.
i:;.
Camp David Accords:
r*.
¿.
:r. Jimmy Carter: (r977-Br) - . Democrat. Major Events While in
Office: Panama Canal Trealy (tgZZ) Camp DavidAccords
(rgZ8) US ofñcially recognizes People's Republic ofChina
(t979) Three Mile Island incident (1979) Iran Hostage
Crisis (r979-Br)
the second term of the Reagan
administration, govemment ofñcials sold missiles to lran
(hoping that this wor:ld help free American hostages held in
Lebanon); money ñ'om tlis sale was used to aid anti-communist
Contra forces in Nicaragua. Iran was a county that was
supposed to be on the American "no bade" list because of their
taking ofAmerican hostages, and congressionaì legislation had
been enacted making it illegal to give money to the Contas. A
major scandal for the Reagan aclministration.
es.
Robert Johnson: firstAflican-American billionaire, founder of
ro.
Ronald Reagan: President r98r-r989; Republican; "Reagan
BET (Black Entertainment Television)
Revolution " : reduce reliance on government; Reagonomics :
supply-side, laissez-faire, sent h'oops to Grenada, escalated the
Cold Wa r: "rollback" of communism, Sbategic Defense Initiative
(Star Wars); War on Drugs, second term-ended cold war ("tear
down this wall" (Berlin Walì))
r;. Rust Belt: Also known as t}re manufacturing belt and is located
in the northeastern parts of the USA and Midwest states that
contain oÌder indushies and factories.
?s.
Sam\Malton: foundedWal-MartandSam's Club. Boughtin extemelylargequantities andsoldatìowprices. (DiscountStores)
ze.
Sandra Day O'Connor: firstwoman
go.
Star'Wars:
supreme court justice, appointed by Reagan
President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space.
sr. Sun BeIt: West/South United States. Population increased du¡ing the George H. W. Bush presidency
¡2.
Three Mile Island: Nuclear Power Plant in Pennsylvania which failed, causing radiation
to be admitted
in the air
Americo in the New Millenium
Study online at
;
quizlet
.
com,/_occj a
AIGore
The VP for Bill Clinton. Concerned with
environmental issues. He also ran against
George W. Bush in the disputed election of
zooo. Gore won the popular vote, but Bush
won overall and was elected.
Al-Qaeda
radical Muslim organization dedicated to the
elimination of a Western presencein Arab
;2.
::-i.
J-I-T
Production
'J ust-in-time" production : cornputers track
inventory and parts arrive exactly when they
are needed in for production. This makes
manufacturing quicker ancl cheaper
Multinational
organization that manufactures and markets
ploducts in many different counbies and has
multinâtional stock ownership and
Corp.
a
countries and militantly opposed to Western
foreign policy: founcledbyOsama bin Laden in
multinational management.
r+.
t988
s Barack
Obama
Computer
Revolution
s
Demography
*. Department
:
a
: r.
US federal agency created
the worst financial crisis since tle Great
Depression of the r93os. It resulted in the
threat oftotal collapse oflarge financial
institutions, the bailout ofbanks by national
governments, and downturns in stock markets
around the world.
Genetic
ofmaking changes in
the DNA code of living organisms
GeorgeW.
Hurricane
Katrina
Illegal
fmmigration
::. Osamabin
Laden
rc.
Pentagon
political talking point
and other attacks.
a governmentbuilding that serves as the
ofDefense; attackedon Sep.
'i:,,.
Presidential
Election of
2()()()
tt, zoot
Bush vs. Gore: Gore won the popular vote and
electoral college came down to Florida; after
a recount, Bush's leadwas less than r,ooo
votes.
A problem w/ the ballots required them to be
hand-counted...
State officials refixed to extend deadline for
this recount...
State officiaìs certified Bush as the winner of
Florida's electoral votes
;¡r.
Robotics
Sophisticated, computer-conholled
machinery that operates an assembly line.
Very important in modem American industry
isr.
September11,
the date 19 when terrorists hijacked
passenger airplanes and used them to destroy
a small section of the Pentagon & destroy the
twin towers of the World Trade Center in
NYC; 3,ooo people were killed & 6,ooo were
injured; (z) these events led to a manhunt for
Osama Bin Laden, heightened security in the
US, and expanded military action abroad
2()()1
President zool-2o09; Republican; 9/rr
terrorist attack; invasion ofAfghanistan and
Iraq; economy: tax cuts, zooT- recession; No
Child Left Behind, Hurricane Katrina disaster
The unlawfi:l entry of people from other
nations into the United States; a major
rt, zoot,
headquarters of the United States DepaÍnent
Controversial process
(zooS) one oftlre deadliest hurricanes in the
history of the U. S., killing nearly z,ooo
Americans. The storm ravaged New Orleans,
in lateAug. of zoo5. In New Orleans, high
winds and rain caused the city's levees to
break, leading to catashophic flooding,
particularly centered on the city's most
impoverished wards. Bad response time
reflected poorly on local and federaì
governments
(tgSZ-) Founder ofal Qaeda, the terrorist
network responsible for the attacks of
September
in zooz to
Financial
Crisis of
2008
Pubìicly endorsed Obama. One of the world's
wealthiest women and the highest paid
entertainer in the world
Study of human populations
coordinate national efforts against terrorism
Bush
:c.
During the r98os personal computers began to
appearin manyhomes across theworld. By
the late 199os, computers had become a staple
in most industrialized counby's homes.
of Homeland
Security
Engineering
l.
President zooS-present; Democrat; fi rst
of the US, heaìth
carebill; Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster;
economy: huge stimulus package to combat
the great recession, is removing troops from
Iraq, strengthened numbers in Afghanistan;
repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell
Af ican American president
Oprah
Winfrey
zo.
Sonia
Sotomayor
Appointed by President Obama in zoo9, first
Hispanic Supreme Court Justice
¿r.
Taliban
A group of fundamentalist Muslims who took
control of Afghanistan's government in r996
zr.
Technolog/Innovation
Important aspects of the free enterprise (capitalist) system
rs.
Time-study Analysis
shrdy
:¿:.
USAPatriotAct
law passed due to 9/rr attacks; sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government
access to electronic communications and other information; criticized by some as violating civil liberties
zs.
'War in
Iraq
Part of thewar on Terror', began in 2oo3 Saddam Hussein was saidto have Weapons of Mass Destruction;
nonewere found.
Terror
Initiatedby President George W. Bush after the attacks of September rt, 2oo1, the war on terror aimed to
weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world.
ir;. 'f,Vâr
on
r:. World Trade Center
ofhow long tasks should take to increase productivity
Once an icon for the global economy in New York, became a target for terrorism in zoot
Amendmenls, Court Coses, elc.
Quizlet
rstAmendment:
Study online at
quizlet.
com/_p0cyd
Recall: Recaìì: the people can petition and vote to have an
F'reedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembl¡
and Petition
gth Amendment: Can't
be
elected official removed from office. Intended to make elected
officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs ofthe
hied twice for the same crime; Right
people, and part of the tnovement to make government more
to remain silent; Must be paid for property if taken for public use
r3th Amendment: Outlaws slavery in the United
r4th Amendment:
efñcient and scientifi c.
States
declared that all persons born in the US wele
Progressive Era
citizens & that all citizens were entilted to equal rights and their
Reconstruction Amendments : t3th, r4th, and rSth
rights were protected by due process
r5th Amendment: Citizens cannot
because ofrace,
be denied the
Amendments to the Constitution that were intended to soìve
problems relating to civil rights following the Civil War
right to vote
color, or precious condition ofservitude
r6th Amendment: Allows the federal government
Referendum: Referendum: a law passedbythe legislature can
to collect
be reference to the people for approval/veto.Intendcd to make
elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of
income tax (rgrg)
rTth Amendment: Direct Election of Senators (r9r3)
rSth Amendment:
1
9
1
the people, and part of the movement to make government more
effi cient and scientifi c.
9, prohibited the s ale of alcohol
rgth Amendment: Amenùnent
to the U.S, Constitution
(r9zo)
Progressive Era
extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
z4th Amendment: Amendment
Tinker vs. Des Moines: Mary Beth Tinker
to the U.S. Constitution (1964)
eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national
eìections.
z6th Amendment: Lowered the voting
Constitution, containing
a
expelled.
age from zr to 18 (1971)
BiI of Rights: The first ten amendments
mling stated that students do not lose their
freedom ofspeech rights in high school.
Supreme Court
of the U.S,
list of individual rights and liberties,
.
such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. Was added to
comfort those who felt like their rights wouldn't be protected
under tl¡e Constitution
Brown vs. Board of Education:
1954- court decision
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
action against segregation in public accommodations, public
facilities, and employ'rnent. The law was passed during a period
of great sü'ength for the civil rights movement, and President
Lyndon Johnson persuaded many reluctant members of
Congress to support the law.
Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies
wanted independence from Britain. Many of the complaints
begin with "He has...." ancl continue to listgrievances against
the King
Hernandez vs. Texas:
Supreme Court decision that ended on
State's practice of excluding Mexican Americans from jury lists
Initiativq
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new
law. Intended to make elected ofñcials more responsible and
sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to
make government more efficient and scientific.
Progressive Era
Plessyvs. Ferguson: (t896) The Court ruled that segregation
was not discriminatory as long as there were "separate but equal"
institutions
It
controlled taxes, aûny, üade, and currency. Begins with "We the
People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect
Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for
Civil Rights Act of 1965: A federal law that authorized federal
the
1787, Continental Congress
included a central government divided into three branches
(president, Senate, House of Representatives, and Supreme
Court) and controlled by checks and balances. The Bill of Rights
were ten amendments to the new constitution that guaranteed
rights of freedom to citizens; made a national gov't that
that
1776 statement, issued by
United States Constitution:
made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed;
declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional.
Declaration of Independence:
and other students
wore black arm bands to protest the Vietiram War and were
the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure
the Blessings of Liberty to ourseìves and our Posterity, do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. "
,,,'
Voting Rights Act of 1965r
A law designed to help end formal
and informal barriers to Afücan American suftage. Under the
law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were
registered and the number of African American elected ofñcials
increased dramatically.
White vs. Regester:
set standard for maximum acceptable
population deviation for state legislative districts (representatives
should represent around the same number of people, so
person's vote has a similar weight)
,. Wisconsin vs. Yoder:
tlat
each
Ruled that the Amish did not have to
send their children to public school after 8th grade,