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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date CHAPTER 32 ACTIVE READING WORKSHEETS CHAPTER 34 ACTIVE READING WORKSHEETS I NTRODUCTION TO A NIMALS Section 32-1: The Nature of Animals Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that follow. The term symmetry refers to a body arrangement in which parts that lie on opposite sides of an axis are identical. The simplest animals, sponges, display no symmetry. Moreover, although sponges are multicellular, their cells are not organized into tissues. Animal bodies range from those that lack true tissues and an organized body shape, such as that of the sponge, to those that have very organized tissues and a consistent body shape, as is found in most other animal phyla. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Some animals have a top side and a bottom side, but no front, back, right, or left end. These animals are said to display radial symmetry. In radial symmetry, similar parts branch out in all directions from a central line. Cnidarians, such as sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydra, are radially symmetrical. Most animals have a dorsal (back) and ventral (abdomen) side, an anterior (head) and posterior (tail) end, and a right and left side. Such animals have two similar halves on either side of a central plane and are said to display bilateral symmetry. Bilaterally symmetrical animals tend to exhibit cephalization. Cephalization is the concentration of sensory and brain structures in the anterior end of the animal; a cephalized animal has a head. As a cephalized animal swims, burrows, walks, or flies through its environment, the head precedes the rest of the body, sensing danger, prey, or a potential mate. Read each question and write your answer in the space provided. SKILL: Recognizing Text Structure 1. A writer will use different types of text structure to present organized ideas or events. The ability to understand how ideas are organized will help you understand a text. What type of text structure did the author use in the above passage? continued on the next page . . . Modern Biology Active Reading Worksheets Section 32-1 121 Back Lesson Print Name Class Date 2. How does the body structure of a sponge differ from that of a jellyfish? 3. What are the similarities and differences between radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry? 4. Classify each of the drawings below as showing bilateral symmetry, no symmetry, or radial symmetry. Write your answers on the lines provided. a. c. b. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the statement. 5. An animal that exhibits cephalization a. b. c. d. 122 has a head. usually is bilaterally symmetrical. lacks a brain. Both (a) and (b) Modern Biology Active Reading Worksheets Section 32-1 Back Lesson Print CHAPTER 31 Plant Responses SECTION 31-1: PLANT HORMONES 1. Plant hormones are chemical messengers that affect a plant’s ability to respond to its environment. 2. auxins, gibberellins, ethylene, cytokinins, and abscisic acid 3. a 1. thigmotropism 2. gravity 3. Answers will vary but may include: photosynthesis, photoreceptor, photoautotroph, and photoperiodism. 4. c SECTION 31-3: SEASONAL RESPONSES 1. a cause-and-effect text structure 2. Some tree leaves change colors in the fall due to a photoperiodic response and temperature change. 3. to decompose 4. c Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores 1. The body plan of a sponge suggests a relationship between structure and function. 2. two cell layers separated by a jellylike substance 3. As the choanocytes lining the interior cylinder of a sponge beat their flagella, water is drawn through ostia in the body wall and moves into the hollow cylinder. The water then exits through the osculum. 4. a. Choanocyte b. Flagellum c. Osculum d. Ostium e. Spicules f. Interior of sponge 5. c SECTION 33-2: CNIDARIA AND CTENOPHORA CHAPTER 32 Introduction to Animals SECTION 32-1: THE NATURE OF ANIMALS Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 33 SECTION 33-1: PORIFERA SECTION 31-2: PLANT MOVEMENTS 1. recognizing similarities and differences 2. A sponge lacks symmetry, while a jellyfish possesses radial symmetry. 3. Both radial and bilateral symmetry are consistent overall patterns of structure. The traits differ in the particular pattern. Radial symmetry refers to a pattern in which similar parts branch out from a central axis. Bilateral symmetry refers to two similar halves on either side of a central plane. 4. a. no symmetry b. radial symmetry c. bilateral symmetry 5. d SECTION 32-2: INVERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. endoderm 6. a. blastula b. gastrula c. endoderm d. mesoderm 7. c 1. All cnidiarians have a body made up of two cell layers. 2. Due to its vase-shaped form, a polyp is sessile. The bell-shaped body of the medusa, however, is specialized for swimming. 3. Cnidarians have an outer epidermis, inner gastrodermis, jellylike mesoglea, a gastrovascular cavity, a mouth, and tentacles. 4. a. Medusa b. Polyp c. Epidermis d. Mesoglea e. Gastrovascular cavity f. Gastrodermis g. Tentacle h. Mouth 5. not free moving; fixed 6. a CHAPTER 34 oxygen and nutrients carbon dioxide and wastes diffusion across cell membranes open circulatory system c Flatworms, Roundworms, and Rotifers SECTION 34-1: PLATYHELMINTHES SECTION 32-3: FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1. development of germ layers into certain body organs 2. mesoderm 3. mesoderm 4. ectoderm 1. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2. a. b. 7 3 9 5 2 8 4 6 1 Primary host Eggs Modern Biology Active Reading Worksheets Answer Key 209