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Transcript
Student _______________
4 Momentum & WEP
Physics Regents
Date __________
1. As shown in the diagram below, an open box and its contents have a combined mass of 5.0 kilograms.
A horizontal force of 15 newtons is required to push the box at a constant speed of 1.5 meters per
second across a level surface.
The inertia of the box and its contents increases if there is an increase in the
A)
B)
C)
D)
speed of the box
mass of the contents of the box
magnitude of the horizontal force applied to the box
coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the level surface
2. Cart A has a mass of 2 kilograms and a speed of 3
meters per second. Cart B has a mass of 3 kilograms
and a speed of 2 meters per second. Compared to the
inertia and magnitude of momentum of cart A, cart B
has
A) the same inertia and a smaller magnitude of
momentum
B) the same inertia and the same magnitude of
momentum
C) greater inertia and a smaller magnitude of
momentum
D) greater inertia and the same magnitude of
momentum
3. A laboratory cart with a mass of 5 kilograms rolls
through a distance of 2 meters in 10 seconds. Which
of the following mathematical statements can be used
to determine the momentum?
A) 5 kg × 2m/10s
C) 5kg + 2m/l0s
B) 5 kg × 10s/2m
D) 5 kg + 10s/2m
4. Two rocks weighing 5 Newtons and 10 Newtons,
respectively, fall freely from rest near the Earth's
surface. After 3 seconds of free-fall, compared to the
5-newton rock, the 10-newton rock has greater
A) acceleration
C) momentum
5. A 25-kilogram mass travels east with a constant
velocity of 40. meters per second. The momentum of
this mass is
A)
B)
C)
D)
1.0 × 10 3 kg-m/s east
9.8 × 10 3 kg-m/s east
1.0 × 10 3 kg-m/s west
9.8 × 10 3 kg-m/s west
6. A motorcycle being driven on a dirt path hits a rock.
Its 60.-kilogram cyclist is projected over the
handlebars at 20. meters per second into a haystack. If
the cyclist is brought to rest in 0.50 second, the
magnitude of the average force exerted on the cyclist
by the haystack is
A) 6.0 × 10 1 N
C) 1.2 ×10 3 N
B) 5.9 ×10 2 N
D) 2.4 × 10 3 N
7. Which situation will produce the greatest change of
momentum for a 1.0-kilogram cart?
A)
B)
C)
D)
accelerating it from rest to 3.0 m/s
accelerating it from 2.0 m/s to 4.0 m/s
applying a net force of 5.0 N for 2.0 s
applying a net force of 10.0 N for 0.5 s
B) height
D) speed
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4 Momentum & WEP
8. During a collision, an 84-kilogram driver of a car
moving at 24 meters per second is brought to rest by
an inflating air bag in 1.2 seconds. The magnitude of
the force exerted on the driver by the air bag is
approximately
A) 7.0 × 10 1 N
C) 1.7 × 10 3 N
B) 8.2 × 10 2 N
D) 2.0 × 10 3 N
9. Two cars having different weights are traveling on a
level surface at different constant velocities. Within
the same time interval, greater force will always be
required to stop the car that has greater
A) weight
C) velocity
B) kinetic energy
D) momentum
10. An object is brought to rest by a constant force.
Which factor other than the mass and velocity of the
object must be known in order to determine the
magnitude of the force required to stop the object?
A)
B)
C)
D)
the time that the force acts on the object
the gravitational potential energy of the object
the density of the object
the weight of the object
11. A 0.025-kilogram bullet is fired from a rifle by an
unbalanced force of 200 Newtons. If the force acts
on the bullet for 0.1 second, what is the maximum
speed attained by the bullet?
A) 5 m/s
C) 400 m/s
B) 20 m/s
D) 800 m/s
12. A 1.0-kilogram mass changes speed from 2.0 meters
per second to 5.0 meters per second. The change in
the object's momentum is
A) 9.0 kg-m/sec
C) 3.0 kg-m/sec
B) 21 kg-m/sec
D) 29 kg-m/sec
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4 Momentum & WEP
13. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below.
Block A moves with a velocity of 2 meters per second to the right, as shown in the diagram, and
then collides elastically with block B, which is at rest. Block A stops moving, and block B moves
to the right after the collision.
What is the total change in momentum of blocks A and B ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
14. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below.
The diagram shows a compressed spring between two carts initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless
surface. Cart A has a mass of 2 kilograms and cart B has a mass of 1 kilogram. A string holds the carts
together.
After the string is cut and the two carts move apart, the magnitude of which quantity is the same for
both carts?
A) momentum
B) velocity
C) inertia
D) kinetic energy
15. A 2-kilogram object traveling 10 meters per second
north has a perfect elastic collision with a
5-kilogram object traveling 4 meters per second
south. What is the total momentum after collision?
A) 0 kg-m/s
C) 20 kg-m/s south
B) 20 kg-m/s north
D) 40 kg-m/s east
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4 Momentum & WEP
16. The diagram below represents two masses before
18. The diagram below shows a 4.0-kilogram cart
and after they collide. Before the collision, mass mA
moving to the right and a 6.0-kilogram cart moving
is moving to the right with speed v, and mass mB is
to the left on a horizontal frictionless surface.
at rest. Upon collision, the two masses stick together.
Which expression represents the speed, v', of the
masses after the collision? [Assume no outside
forces are acting on mA or mB.]
A)
B)
C)
D)
17. In the diagram below, a block of mass
initially at
rest on a frictionless horizontal surface is struck by a
bullet of mass moving with horizontal velocity .
When the two carts collide they lock together. The
magnitude of the total momentum of the two-cart
system after the collision is
A) 0.0 kg•m/s
C) 15 kg•m/s
B) 6.0 kg•m/s
D) 30. kg•m/s
19. A 2-kilogram car and a 3-kilogram car are originally
at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface as shown
in the diagram below. A compressed spring is
released causing the cars to separate. The 3-kilogram
car reaches a maximum speed of 2 meters per
second. What is the maximum speed of the
2-kilogram car?
A) 1 m/s B) 2 m/s C) 3 m/s D) 6 m/s
What is the velocity of the bullet-block system after
the bullet embeds itself in the block?
A)
B)
C)
D)
20. A 75-kilogram bicyclist coasts down a hill at a
constant speed of 12 meters per second. What is the
kinetic energy of the bicyclist?
A) 4.5
C) 5.4
10 2 J
10 3 J
B) 9.0
D) 1.1
10 2 J
l0 4 J
21. Which cart shown below has the greatest kinetic
energy?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Page 4
4 Momentum & WEP
22. If the velocity of a moving object is doubled, the
object's kinetic energy is
A) unchanged
C) doubled
B) halved
D) quadrupled
23. A shopping cart slows as it moves along a level
floor. Which statement describes the energies of the
cart?
A) The kinetic energy increases and the
gravitational potential energy remains the same.
B) The kinetic energy increases and the
gravitational potential energy decreases.
C) The kinetic energy decreases and the
gravitational potential energy remains the same.
D) The kinetic energy decreases and the
gravitational potential energy increases.
24. A car travels at constant speed v up a hill from point
A to point B, as shown in the diagram below.
25. A pendulum is pulled to the side and released from
rest. Which graph best represents the relationship
between the gravitational potential energy of the
pendulum and its displacement from its point of
release?
A)
B)
C)
D)
26. The diagram below shows a 1.5-kilogram kitten
jumping from the top of a 1.80-meter-high
refrigerator to a 0.90-meter-high counter.
As the car travels from A to B, its gravitational
potential energy
A) increases and its kinetic energy decreases
B) increases and its kinetic energy remains the
same
C) remains the same and its kinetic energy
decreases
D) remains the same and its kinetic energy remains
the same
Compared to the kitten's gravitational potential
energy on top of the refrigerator, the kitten's
gravitational potential energy on top of the counter is
A) half as great
B) twice as great
C) one-fourth as great D) four times as great
27. A vertical spring has a spring constant of 100.
newtons per meter. When an object is attached to the
bottom of the spring, the spring changes from its
unstretched length of 0.50 meter to a length of 0.65
meter. The magnitude of the weight of the attached
object is
A) 1.1 N B) 15 N C) 50. N D) 65 N
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4 Momentum & WEP
28. A vertical spring 0.100 meters long is elongated to a
length of 0.119 meters when a 1.00-kilogram mass is
attached to the bottom of the spring. The spring
constant of this spring is
A) 9.8 N/m
C) 98 N/m
B) 82 N/m
D) 520 N/m
29. The graph below shows elongation as a function of
the applied force for two springs, A and B.
31. A 60.-kilogram student climbs a ladder a vertical
distance of 4.0 meters in 8.0 seconds.
Approximately how much total work is done against
gravity by the student during the climb?
A) 2.4 × 10 3 J
C) 2.4 ×10 2 J
B) 2.9 × 10 2 J
D) 3.0 × 10 1 J
32. What force is required to do 60 joules of work in
sliding an object a distance of 10 meters across a
level floor?
A) 6 N
C) 60 N
B) 10 N
D) 600 N
33. The graph below represents the relationship between
the force exerted on an elevator and the distance the
elevator is lifted.
Compared to the spring constant for spring A, the
spring constant for spring B is
A) smaller
C) the same
B) larger
30. The graph below shows the relationship between the
elongation of a spring and the force applied to the
spring causing it to stretch.
How much total work is done by the force in lifting
the elevator from 0.0 m to 9.0 m?
A)
C)
B)
D)
What is the spring constant for this spring?
A) 0.020 N/m
C) 25 N/m
B) 2.0 N/m
D) 50. N/m
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4 Momentum & WEP
34. As shown in the diagram below, a student exerts an
average force of 600. newtons on a rope to lift a
50.0-kilogram crate a vertical distance of 3.00
meters.
Compared to the work done by the student, the
gravitational potential energy gained by the crate is
A) exactly the same
C) 330 J more
B) 330 J less
D) 150 J more
35. A box is dragged up an incline a distance of 8 meters
with a force of 50 Newtons. If the increase in
potential energy of the box is 300 joules, the work
done against friction is
A) 100 J B) 200 J C) 300 J D) 400 J
36. The graph below represents the work done against gravity by a student as she walks up a flight of
stairs at constant speed.
Compared to the power generated by the student after 2.0 seconds, the power generated by the
student after 4.0 seconds is
A) the same
C) half as great
B) twice as great
D) four times as great
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4 Momentum & WEP
37. A 70.-kilogram cyclist develops 210 watts of power
while pedaling at a constant velocity of 7.0 meters
per second east. What average force is exerted
eastward on the bicycle to maintain this constant
speed?
A) 490 N
C) 3.0 N
40. The diagram below shows a 0.1-kilogram apple
attached to a branch of a tree 2 meters above a
spring on the ground below.
B) 30. N
D) 0 N
38. A 3.0-kilogram block is initially at rest on a
frictionless, horizontal surface. The block is moved
8.0 meters in 2.0 seconds by the application of a
12-newton horizontal force, as shown in the diagram
below.
What is the average power developed while moving
the block?
A) 24 W B) 32 W C) 48 W D) 96 W
The apple falls and hits the spring, compressing it
0.1 meter from its rest position. If all of the
gravitational potential energy of the apple on the tree
is transferred to the spring when it is compressed,
what is the spring constant of this spring?
A) 10 N/m
C) 100 N/m
B) 40 N/m
D) 400 N/m
41. In the diagram below, an average force of 20.
Newtons is used to pull back the string of a bow
0.60 meter.
39. The diagram below represents a 155-newton box on
a ramp. Applied force F causes the box to slide from
point A to point B.
As the arrow, leaves the bow, its kinetic energy is
A) 3.4 J B) 6.0 J C) 12 J
What is the total amount of gravitational potential
energy gained by the box?
A) 28.4 J
C) 868 J
B) 279 J
D) 2740 J
D) 33 J
42. The diagram below shows a moving, 5.00-kilogram
cart at the foot of a hill 10.0 meters high. For the cart
to reach the top of the hill, what is the minimum
kinetic energy of the cart in the position shown?
[Neglect energy loss due to friction.]
A) 4.91 J
C) 250. J
B) 50.0 J
D) 491 J
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4 Momentum & WEP
43. A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy
car across a level floor. At time t i,the car is
moving-at speed v i across the floor and the spring is
unwinding, as shown below. At time t f, the spring
has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop.
Which statement best describes the transformation
of energy that occurs between the t i and t f?
A) Gravitational potential energy at t i is converted
to internal energy at t f.
B) Elastic potential energy at t i is converted to
kinetic energy at t f.
C) Both elastic potential energy and kinetic energy
at t i are converted to internal energy at t f.
D) Both kinetic energy and internal energy at t i are
converted to elastic potential energy at t f.
44. The graph below represents the kinetic energy,
gravitational potential energy, and total mechanical
energy of a moving block.
Which best describes the motion of the block?
A)
B)
C)
D)
accelerating on a flat horizontal surface
sliding up a frictionless incline
falling freely
being lifted at constant velocity
45. A child, starting from rest at the top of a playground
slide, reaches a speed of 7.0 meters per second at the
bottom of the slide. What is the vertical height of the
slide? [Neglect friction.]
A) 0.71 m
C) 2.5 m
B) 1.4 m
D) 3.5 m
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4 Momentum & WEP
46. Base your answer to the following question on
the diagram below. Which represents a 2.0-kilogram mass placed on a frictionless track at point A
and released from rest. Assume the gravitational potential energy of the system to be zero at point E.
Compared to the total mechanical energy of the system at point A, the total mechanical energy of the
system at point F is
A) less
B) more
C) the same
47. A block slides across a rough, horizontal tabletop.
As the block comes to rest, there is an increase in the
block-tabletop system's
A)
B)
C)
D)
gravitational potential energy
elastic potential energy
kinetic energy
internal (thermal) energy
48. When a spring is compressed 2.50 x 10 –2 meter from
its equilibrium position, the total potential
energy stored in the spring is 1.25 x 10 –2 joule.
Calculate the spring constant of the spring. [Show all
work, including the equation and substitution with
units.]
49. A spring gains 2.34 joules of elastic potential energy
as it is compressed 0.250 meter from its equilibrium
position. What is the spring constant of this spring?
A) 9.36 N/m
C) 37.4 N/m
B) 18.7 N/m
D) 74.9 N/m
Page 10
4 Momentum & WEP
Base your answers to questions 50 through 53 on the information below.
In a laboratory investigation, a student applied various downward forces to a vertical spring.
The applied forces and the corresponding elongations of the spring from its equilibrium position
are recorded in the data table below.
Directions: Construct a graph on the grid below, following the directions below.
50. Using your graph, calculate the spring constant of this spring. [Show all work, including the equation
and substitution with units.]
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4 Momentum & WEP
51. Plot the data points for force versus elongation.
52. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Force (N)."
53. Draw the best-fit line or curve.
Base your answers to questions 54 and 55 on the
information and graph below.
The graph represents the relationship between
the force applied to each of two springs, A and B,
and their elongations.
54. What physical quantity is represented by the slope of
each line?
55. A 1.0-kilogram mass is suspended from each spring.
If each mass is at rest, how does the potential energy
stored in spring A compare to the potential energy
stored in spring B?
Page 12