Download Human Blood Typing (Multiple Alleles)

Human Blood Typing
(Multiple Alleles)
Mrs. Sprenkle
Biology
I. WHEN IS BLOOD TYPING
DONE?
 blood
transfusions
 blood donation
 organ donation for transplantation
 women planning to/become pregnant
 determination of blood relatives
 identify crime suspects
II. ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
A. ANTIGENS
Markers on surface of blood cells
 Most important antigens:

 A, B, O, and Rh
B. ANTIBODIES

Formed against certain ANTIGENS in
blood

Destroy foreign antigens and blood cells
III. Blood Type Compatibilities

A BLOOD:
– A antigens on the RBC
– Creates antibodies against type B
– Genotypes: IAIA or IAi

B BLOOD:
– B antigens on the RBC
– Creates antibodies against type A
– Genotypes: IBIB or IBi
Blood Type Compatibilities

O BLOOD
– NO antigens for A or B
– “Universal Donor”
 Can donate to any blood type
– Antibodies against BOTH A and B
– Genotype: ii
Blood Type Compatibilities

AB BLOOD
– BOTH A and B antigens on RBC
– NO antibodies for either Type A or Type B
– Genotypes: IAIB
– “Universal Receiver”
 Can receive blood from any blood type
IV. Rh FACTOR
A. Named for the Rhesus Monkey in whose blood it
was first found.
Rhesus Monkey
Rh FACTOR
B. System consists of at least 8 different
antigens of which the most prominent is
called antigen D.
1. About 85% of Americans of Western European
descent are Rh positive, which means that they have
Antigen D on the surface of their red blood cells.
2. That means that the other 15% have no antigen D
on their cells and are termed Rh negative. When
they are exposed to Rh+ blood they form antibodies
against the antigens on the Rh+ cells.
C. Rh blood typing
–Presence of Rh antigen (+)
–Absence of Rh antigen (-)
D. Genotypes (complete dominance)
1.Homozygous positive
= ++
2.Heterozygous positive = + 3.Homozygous negative = - -
PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD TYPES
BLOOD TYPE

O

A

B

AB


Rh +
Rh -
WORLD %
45 %
41 %
10 %
4%
85 %
15 %
TRANSFUSION CHART
Blood Type
OO+
AA+
BB+
ABAB+
Antibodies in blood
Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti Rh
Transfusion type
O-
Anti-A, Anti-B
O-, O+
Anti-B, Anti-Rh
A-, O-
Anti-B
Anti-A, Anti-Rh
A+, A-, O+, OB-, O-
Anti-A
B+, B-, O+, O-
Anti-Rh
AB-, A-, B-, O-
No Antibodies
AB+, AB-, A+, A-,
B+, B-, O+, O-
D. Crosses. There are 21 possible crosses between the 6
possible genotypes.
Cross Possible Blood Types
1. AA x AA
AA
2. AA x AO
AA, AO
3. AA x BB
AB
4. AA x BO
AB, AO
5. AA x AB
AA, AB
6. AA x OO
AO
7. AO x AO
AA, AO, OO
8. AO x BB
AB, BO
9. AO x BO AB, AO, BO, OO
10. AO x AB
AA, AB, AO, BO
Cross Possible Blood Types
11. AO x OO AO, OO
12. BB x BB
BB
13. BB x BO
BB, BO
14. BB x AB
AB, BB
15. BB x OO BO
16. BO x BO BB, BO, OO
17. BO x AB
AB, AO, BB, BO
18. BO x OO BO, OO
19. AB x AB
AA, AB, BB
20. AB x OO AO, BO
21. OO x OO OO
BLOOD TYPING
WEB SITES

www.nobel.se/medicine/educational/
http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.ht
ml
 www.bloodbook.com
 http://www.biology.arizona.edu/
 http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~bkd
3019/blood.html
